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1.
齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼对蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物需要量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验设21个日粮组,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物梯度变化范围分别在33%～51%、3%～18%、23%～32%.在水温(25.25±1.91)℃条件下,在水泥池中对平均体苇为(2.01±0.04)g的360尾齐口裂腹鱼进行了60 d的生长试验,研究日粮中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物对齐口裂腹龟生长、体组成和肝脏组织的影响.结果表明:各组鱼特定生长率随着日粮蛋白质水平的增加而增加;体蛋白含量不受日粮组成的影响,体脂肪随着日粮脂肪水平的增加而增加,体碳水化合物受日粮碳水化合物的影响极显著,而不受日粮蛋白质和脂肪的影响.齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼能耐忍23%～26%的碳水化合物水平,且能利用6%～12%的日粮脂肪.基于齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼对只粮碳水化合物和脂肪含量需求分别为23%～26%和6%～12%时,蛋门质需求量为42%～48%,能蛋比为41.3 kJ/g. 相似文献
2.
饲料蛋白质和能量水平对草鱼生长和鱼体组成的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用3×3因子试验确定不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对草鱼生长和鱼体组成的影响。初始平均体质量为0.75g的试验鱼放养在27个规格为85cm×35cm×95cm的网箱中,每箱放养50尾。日粮中的蛋白源、脂肪源和可消化碳水化合物源,分别采用鱼粉、豆油和糊精配制,日粮设3个粗蛋白水平,每个蛋白水平有3个能量水平饲养草鱼84d。结果表明MPLL组(粗蛋白为30%,粗脂肪为4%)的特殊生长率和蛋白质效率最高,饲料系数最低,但与LPML组(粗蛋白为25%,粗脂肪为6%)差异不显著;总的来看,脂肪含量在4%和6%时特定生长率和饲料系数以中蛋白质组(MP,30%)最高,脂肪含量在8%时特定生长率和饲料系数以低蛋白质组(LP,25%)最高,表明饲料脂肪水平对鱼的生长和饲料系数有显著影响。随着饲料可消化能的增加,鱼体的脂肪含量增加,而蛋白和灰分含量没有多大变化。综合饲料成本等因素,本试验初步确定草鱼幼鱼生长所需的最适蛋白水平为25%,DP/DE约为23.47mg·kJ-1。 相似文献
3.
为研究纳米硒（nano-selenium,Nano-Se）对齐口裂腹鱼（）生长性能、肌肉成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0.0 mg/kg、0.2 mg/kg、0.4 mg/kg、0.8 mg/kg纳米硒,分别饲喂体重为（98.75±5.74）g的齐口裂腹鱼8周。结果表明,与对照组相比,不同添加剂量纳米硒均增加齐口裂腹鱼的特定生长率和肠体指数,降低饵料系数（<0.05）。另外,纳米硒各剂量组鱼体血清球蛋白、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量,超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著升高,丙二醛和葡萄糖含量显著降低（<0.05）。日粮添加0.4 mg/kg和0.8 mg/kg的纳米硒时,血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著增加;日粮添加0.8 mg/kg的纳米硒,血清一氧化氮合酶活性和肌肉硒含量显著增加（<0.05）。综上,在促进齐口裂腹鱼的生长发育、改善肌肉品质以及提高血清抗氧化性能方面,3种剂量的纳米硒均产生了一定的影响,基于特定生长率的二次回归模型拟合,获得齐口裂腹鱼饲料中纳米硒最适添加量为0.52 mg/kg,综合考虑对生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响,推荐齐口裂腹鱼饲料中纳米硒的添加量为0.5 mg/kg。 相似文献
4.
高脂饲料中胆汁酸水平对齐口裂腹鱼肠道组织结构及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索高脂饲料中添加胆汁酸对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼肠道组织结构及几种脂肪代谢酶活性的影响,以360尾初始体质量为(12.74±0.14)g的健康齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼为实验对象,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾实验鱼,分别投喂添加了0、75、150和300mg/kg胆汁酸的4种实验饲料,养殖时间为70 d。结果显示,胆汁酸浓度从0增大到75 mg/kg时,齐口裂腹鱼前肠和中肠管壁厚度及肠绒毛高度显著升高,前肠皱襞宽度显著降低。而当胆汁酸浓度再进一步增大时,实验鱼前肠和中肠管壁厚度及肠绒毛高度则升高不明显,其皱襞宽度也降低不显著。未添加胆汁酸的实验组中齐口裂腹鱼前肠和中肠纹状缘畸形或脱落现象严重,随着胆汁酸添加量的增加,逐渐减少至消失。齐口裂腹鱼肠道中脂肪酶(LPS)及肝胰脏中脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)、肝酯酶(HL)和总酯酶(TL)活性均随胆汁酸添加量的增加而呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势。且LPS、LPL活性均在胆汁酸添加量为300 mg/kg时最强(分别为2881.17 U/g和14.43 U/mg prot);HL、TL活性则在胆汁酸添加量为150 mg/kg时活性最强(分别为43.70和58.03 U/mg prot)。但LPS、LPL、HL和TL活性在150与300mg/kg组均无显著差异。研究表明,在饲料中添加75~150 mg/kg的外源胆汁酸能提高齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼脂肪代谢酶的活性,促进对饲料脂肪的代谢和利用,还能改善齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼肠道结构,保护肠道健康。 相似文献
5.
水温17.3～21.5℃,取刚孵出的同一批齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼,暂养于2.0 m×0.8 m×0.6 m玻纤缸中,养殖到5日龄、即开口前1 d时,将仔鱼随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组500尾。6日龄A组试验鱼开口投喂,B组和C组不投喂,研究饥饿胁迫对齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼生长、发育、存活、卵黄囊吸收、摄食率及摄食强度的影响,确定齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼的不可逆生长点,即仔鱼初次摄食率低于最高初次摄食率50%时的日龄。试验结果显示,饥饿对齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼全长、体长、体高、肛前长等生长指标具有极显著影响(P0.01),对眼径、鳔等组织器官发育具有明显影响;齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼混合营养期为7 d;齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼初次摄食率约为15%,第13～14日龄仔鱼的初次摄食率达到最高值100%,17日龄仔鱼到达不可逆生长点;齐口裂腹鱼饥饿组仔鱼50%累计死亡率出现日龄为19日龄,在饥饿不可逆生长点之后。试验结果表明,齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼具有较强的饥饿耐受能力,齐口裂腹鱼最佳投喂时间为9日龄,最晚开口时间不晚于14～15日龄。 相似文献
6.
实验旨在探究不同核黄素水平对齐口裂腹鱼生长性能、体组成及免疫指标的影响;以540尾健康的齐口裂腹鱼[体质量(10.54±0.01)g]为实验对象,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。分别投喂核黄素水平为0.67、2.96、5.83、9.05、11.58和23.42mg/kg的6种等氮等能的实验饲料,养殖时间56 d。结果显示,齐口裂腹鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)以及蛋白质效率(PER)均随核黄素添加水平升高呈先升后降趋势,并均在5.83 mg/kg组达到最大且显著高于其余组;饲料系数(FCR)呈先降后升趋势,5.83 mg/kg组达到最低且显著低于其余组;核黄素可显著影响实验鱼的成活率(SR)、肝体指数(HSI)和脏体指数(VSI);核黄素可显著影响实验鱼全鱼粗脂肪含量,但对其粗蛋白质、水分和粗灰分含量无明显影响。肝胰脏核黄素沉积量随着饲料核黄素水平的增加而升高;肝胰脏D-α-氨基氧化酶(DAAO)活性在5.83 mg/kg组时达到最高。血清溶菌酶(LYZ)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均随核黄素添加水平的提高而呈先升高后稳定的变化趋势。丙二醛(MDA)含量则随核黄素添加水平的提高而呈先降低后稳定的变化趋势。说明核黄素可有效地提高齐口裂腹鱼随饲料的消化利用率,提高免疫及抗氧化能力,促进其生长。综合考虑,齐口裂腹鱼核黄素添加水平为5.32~5.89 mg/kg。 相似文献
7.
团头鲂两个生长阶段适宜蛋白/脂肪比的需要量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了在相同配方体系下研究团头鲂两个生长阶段对饲料中蛋白/脂肪比的需要量,以初均重为(35.07±0.45)g(幼鱼)、(101.65±1.82)g(育成鱼)两个阶段的团头鲂为实验鱼,以秘鲁鱼粉、酪蛋白、大豆磷脂、豆油等原料配制半纯化饲料,在蛋白质26.93%~35.63%、脂肪10.24%~3.35%范围内,设置蛋白/脂肪比浓度分别为2.63、3.20、4.07、5.33、7.25和10.64共6组饲料。分别在池塘网箱养殖85和56 d,每组实验鱼设置4个平行。结果发现,随着饲料蛋白/脂肪比水平的增加,两个阶段的团头鲂体质量特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质沉积率(PDR)、能量保留率(ERR)总体均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,均在饲料蛋白/脂肪比为5.33组达到最高;饲料系数(FCR)则呈先下降后上升的趋势,且均在饲料蛋白/脂肪比为5.33组达到最低。分别以实验鱼特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)、蛋白质沉积率(PDR)及能量保留率(ERR)作为评价指标,经过回归分析可知,幼鱼阶段团头鲂对饲料中蛋白/脂肪比需要量为6.09~7.58,适宜蛋白质水平为32.83%~33.98%、脂肪水平为4.48%~5.39%;在日均摄食量为5.06 g/100 g体质量的条件下,团头鲂幼鱼对饲料蛋白质每日需要量为1.66~1.72 g/100 g体质量,对饲料脂肪每日需要量为0.23~0.27 g/100 g体质量。育成鱼阶段团头鲂对饲料中蛋白/脂肪比需要量为4.03~4.34,适宜蛋白质水平为30.19%~30.72%、脂肪水平为7.07%~7.49%。在日均摄食量为3.61 g/100 g体质量的条件下,团头鲂育成鱼对饲料蛋白质每日需要量为1.09~1.11 g/100 g体质量,对饲料脂肪每日需要量为0.26~0.27 g/100 g体质量。 相似文献
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9.
饲料碳水化合物水平对鳡幼鱼生长和体成分的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以白鱼粉、酪蛋白、鱼油和α-淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物原料,配制等蛋白质(45%)、等脂肪(8%)、碳水化合物水平分别为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的6组饲料。饲养鳡幼鱼8周后测定其生长、体成分及肝糖原含量,初步探讨鳡对碳水化合物的利用能力。结果表明,20%组鱼体的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率最高(P<0.05)。高碳水化合物组表现较高的摄食率、脏体比、肝体比和肠脂比(P<0.05)。饲料碳水化合物水平的升高,增加了全鱼体干物质和粗脂肪的累积(P<0.05)。随着饲料碳水化合物水平的增加,鱼体的肝糖原储存量先增加、后降低,20%组达到最高(P<0.05)。综合试验结果分析,鳡可以在一定程度上利用淀粉类碳水化合物,但在饲料中添加量不宜超过20%,否则不利于鱼的健康生长。 相似文献
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11.
Hairui Yu Qinghui Ai Kangsen Mai Hongming Ma Chantal L Cahu José L Zambonino Infante 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(2):178-186
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary graded protein levels on the growth, survival, amylase and trypsin activities of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.) larvae from 12 to 42 days after hatching (DAH). Five approximately isoenergetic microbound diets (16.65 MJ/kg diet) were formulated to contain different protein (47.1%, 52.0%, 57.1%, 62.2% and 67.5%) levels. Frozen copepods, containing 54.5% crude protein (CP), 6.0% crude lipid, 27.2% ash and 6.7% glycogen, were used as a control. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of larvae with an initial mean body weight of 1.76 ± 0.09 mg (mean ± SD) in 180 L white plastic tanks, and each tank was stocked initially with 3500 larvae. Both the survival and the specific growth rate (SGR) of large yellow croaker larvae significantly increased with increasing dietary protein level up to 57.1%, and decreased thereafter. Frozen copepods resulted in intermediate survival and low SGR compared with the other diets. Whole‐body moisture and protein of larvae were not significantly affected by the dietary protein level. In contrast, whole‐body lipid of larvae fed diet with 47.1% CP was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those from fish fed the diets containing more than 57.1% CP. Additionally, fish fed the frozen copepods had the lowest whole‐body protein and lipid. The amylase‐specific activity increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate level during the period of this experiment. However, trypsin activity was not significantly affected by the dietary protein content before 42 DAH, indicating a later onset of trypsin than amylase in the regulation of enzymatic synthesis induced by a dietary substrate. 相似文献
12.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,243(1-4):323-329
A 6-week feeding trial with four dietary protein levels (22%, 32%, 42% and 52%) and two dietary lipid levels (10% and 19%) was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary protein and lipid level for the growth of bagrid catfish fingerlings (0.92±0.01 g initial weight). Survival of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or dietary lipid level. Specific growth rate of fish fed the diets containing 10% lipid increased with increasing protein level and that of fish fed the diets containing 19% lipid increased with increasing protein level up to 42%. Feed efficiency of fish fed the 42% protein diet with 19% lipid and 52% protein diet with 10–19% lipid was higher than that of other groups. Daily feed intake of fish decreased with increasing dietary protein level at both lipid levels and showed a tendency toward higher values at 10% lipid diets than at 19% lipid diets. Protein efficiency ratio and protein retention of fish decreased with increasing dietary protein level, and those of fish fed the 19% lipid diet were higher than those of fish fed the 10% diet at 42% protein diet. Moisture content of fish fed 10% lipid diets was higher than that of fish fed 19% lipid diets, at each protein level. Crude lipid content of fish fed 19% lipid diets was higher than that of fish fed 10% lipid diets at each protein level. The results of this study indicate that an increase of dietary lipid level can improve growth and protein utilization, and the diet containing 42% protein with 19% lipid would be suitable for optimum growth and effective protein utilization of bagrid catfish fingerlings. 相似文献
13.
Y.-H. HU Y.-J. LIU L.-X. TIAN H.-J. YANG G.-Y. LIANG & W. GAO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2007,13(4):291-297
A growth experiment was conducted to determine the optimal carbohydrate‐to‐lipid (CHO: L) ratio for juvenile yellowfin seabream cultured in 340‐L indoor recirculating tanks. Seven isonitrogenous (450 g kg−1 dietary protein) and isoenergetic (14.1 MJ kg−1) diets with increasing CHO: L ratios (0.03–5.09 g: g) were fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish with an initial weight of 4.91 g for 56 days. Fish were fed to satiation twice a day and the water temperature ranged between 28 and 31.7 °C during the experimental period. Survival was high in all the groups and was not affected by dietary treatments. Best weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in fish fed diets with CHO: L ratios of 0.29 and 0.72, which were not significantly different from that of 0.03, 1.26 and 1.92, but apparently higher than that of 3.22 and 5.09. Feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein production value (PPV) followed the same general pattern as WG and SGR. Highest level of energy production value (EPV) was found in fish fed diets with CHO: L ratio of 0.72. Proximate compositions of fish whole body and tissues were markedly affected by dietary CHO: L ratios. Whole body, muscle and liver lipid increased as CHO: L ratios decreased, whereas moisture contents were reduced. Dietary CHO: L ratios had no significant effect on protein content in whole body and muscle. Plasma total cholesterol levels of fish fed diets with CHO: L ratios less than 0.72 were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Triacylglyceride levels decreased linearly as dietary CHO: L ratios increased. Viscerosomatic index (VSI) significantly increased as dietary CHO: L ratios decreased. Intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF) of fish fed diets with CHO: L ratios less than 1.92 were significantly higher than those fed CHO: L ratios of 3.22 and 5.09. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) did not vary between the test diets. Based on second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG against dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels, 84.1 g kg−1 of carbohydrate and 136.3 g kg−1 of lipid, corresponding to a CHO: L ratio of 0.62, in a diet holding 450 g kg−1 of crude protein and 14 KJ g−1 of metabolizable energy, proved to be optimal for juvenile yellowfin seabream. 相似文献
14.
The ability of juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) to utilize dietary raw wheat meal, raw wheat starch, gelatinized wheat starch and dextrin as energy sources to spare protein for growth was quantified. Energy utilization and protein sparing were assessed by comparing the weight gain, energy retention efficiency, protein retention and body composition of silver perch that had been fed a series of diets in which the basal diet (low carbohydrate) was systematically replaced with graded levels of each carbohydrate ingredient or an inert diluent, diatomaceous earth. The protein content decreased as the carbohydrate content increased, giving four different protein to energy ratios for each of the four carbohydrate sources (except for the 60% inclusion level, at which only three carbohydrate sources were tested). Silver perch were efficient at utilizing carbohydrate for energy to spare protein. Silver perch fed diets containing up to 30% wheat meal, raw wheat starch, gelatinized wheat starch or dextrin exhibited similar growth, protein retention and energy retention efficiency to the fish fed the basal diet. Weight gain of silver perch fed diets containing wheat meal or carbohydrates at 45% inclusion content had significantly reduced weight gain when compared with fish fed the basal diet. However, protein retention and energy retention efficiency were similar or better. Whole‐body protein levels of silver perch remained constant regardless of carbohydrate sources, and there was no evidence of increasing whole‐body lipid concentrations for fish fed diets with up to 60% dietary carbohydrate. Silver perch were more efficient at utilizing processed starch (either gelatinized starch or dextrin) than wheat meal or raw wheat starch. 相似文献
15.
Growth performance and body composition of white seabream (Diplodus sargus) juveniles fed diets with different protein and lipid levels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rodrigo O A Ozorio Luisa M P Valente Pedro Pousao-Ferreira & Aires Oliva-Teles 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(3):255-263
An 83‐day feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of different dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performances and carcass composition of white seabream. Juveniles (10.7±0.2 g) were fed to satiation on four diets, varying in protein (15% and 28%) and lipid (12% and 16%) levels. The best growth performance was observed in fish fed on diets with higher protein level. Dietary lipids did not affect growth performance. Voluntary feed intake decreased with a increasing dietary protein level at both dietary lipid levels. Feed conversion ratio improved with the increase in dietary protein and lipid levels. Carcass composition remained unaltered by dietary protein levels (P>0.05). Carcass protein content tended to decrease, while lipid content tended to increase in groups fed on 16% lipid, compared with the 12% lipid groups. Additionally, protein retention was higher in fish fed on low‐protein and low‐lipid levels, compared with the high‐protein and high‐lipid group (29% vs. 19%). Lipid retention increased significantly with dietary protein level (P<0.001). Energy retention improved with dietary protein, but was not affected by dietary lipid levels. On the basis of our results, feeding white seabream on 15% dietary protein had a negative effect on growth and feed utilization. Dietary lipid did not induce a protein‐sparing action in Diplodus sargus juveniles. 相似文献
16.
Shuenn-Der Yang Yu-Chuan Wen Chyng- Hwa Liou & Fu-Guang Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(12):1374-1382
This study was designed to determine whether l -carnitine supplementation is necessary in a tilapia diet containing low-fish meal and a high lipid level, which is beneficial economically and for the environment. The effects of dietary l -carnitine on the growth, body composition, blood traits and post-thaw drip from muscle in hybrid tilapia were investigated. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were fed to the fish with a mean body weight of 141.7 g for 168 days. The control diet contained fish meal as the major protein source with 7% lipid. Other diets contained 7% or 12% lipid, in which fish meal was largely replaced by plant proteins, and supplemented with l -carnitine or not. Results showed that supplemental dietary l -carnitine did not affect the growth performance, feed efficiency or protein efficiency ratio, while the supplementation significantly reduced the mesenteric fat ratio. Whole body and muscle proximate compositions were unaltered by any dietary treatment. The total plasma lipid, triacylglycerol and cholesterol values of tilapia fed diets with alternative plant proteins were significantly lower than those of the control fish, whereas increasing the dietary lipid content increased the aforementioned blood traits. A decrease in plasma ammonia and an increase in urea were observed in dietary l -carnitine-supplemented fish. Post-thaw drip from muscle was reduced in fish fed supplemental dietary l -carnitine. The observations of this study revealed that neither the growth performance nor the feed utilization of hybrid tilapia was improved by a dietary l -carnitine treatment, but that it did lead to a reduced mesenteric fat ratio, altered nitrogen metabolism and improved meat quality. 相似文献
17.
Effect of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth and Body Composition of Spotted Halibut,Verasper variegatus 
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下载免费PDF全文 A 83‐d feeding experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus (initial average weight of 93.0 ± 1.0 g). Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (40, 45, and 50%), each with three lipid levels (8, 12% and 16%). Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish per tank in the indoor culture system. Results showed that the survival rate of fish was not significantly affected by protein and lipid levels (P > 0.05). Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake (FI) significantly decreased with the increasing dietary lipid levels (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency significantly increased while the feed conversion ration significantly decreased with increasing dietary protein levels (P < 0.05). Weight gain, SGR, FI, and feed efficiency of fish fed 50% protein and 8% lipid were significantly higher than that of the other groups. For each level of dietary lipid, the increase in dietary protein resulted in significant increases in whole‐body crude protein (CP) contents (P < 0.05); the increase in dietary lipid caused significant increases in whole‐body crude lipid content and gross energy at each protein level (P < 0.05). The muscle CP, lipid, and gross energy had the same tendency. The results of this study indicated that increasing dietary lipid levels did not result in a protein‐sparing effect. It could be recommended that the proper dietary protein and lipid levels of spotted halibut were 50 and 8%, respectively. 相似文献
18.
Mingchun Ren Qinghui Ai Kangsen Mai Hongming Ma Xiaojie Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(10):1467-1475
A 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary carbohydrate level on the growth performance, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficient and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile cobia. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing graded levels of starch (1.3%, 6.5%, 12.5%, 18.4%, 24.2% and 30.4%) were fed to juvenile cobia. Specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased with increasing dietary starch up to 18.4% (P<0.05), and thereafter SGR declined but FER and PER remained nearly the same. Apparent digestibility coefficient of starch reduced significantly when dietary starch up to 30.4%. Fish fed the diets with starch from 18.4% to 30.4% showed higher amylase activities in intestinal tract than those fed diets containing starch 1.3% and 6.5% (P<0.05). Significantly higher whole‐body lipid contents were observed in fish fed the diets containing higher starch. Whole‐body moisture content was inversely correlated with whole‐body lipid content, while protein and ash showed no significant differences. Plasma glucose, hepatosomatic index, liver glycogen and liver lipid increased with an increasing dietary starch. Based on SGR and FER, the appropriate dietary starch supplementations of juvenile cobia were estimated to be 21.1% and 18.0 % of diet respectively. 相似文献
19.
本研究旨在探讨不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)幼鱼生长、体成分以及肌肉氨基酸含量的影响。采用蛋白质水平为40%、45%、50%和55%,脂肪水平为8%和16%,共8组实验饲料。在水温为(16±0.2)℃的循环流水水族箱系统内进行为期10周的养殖试验。采用常规生化分析方法对该鱼肌肉营养学组成及含量进行测定分析。研究结果表明,不同蛋白和脂肪水平对细鳞鲑幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、肥满度和肝体比等均有显著影响(P0.05)。随着蛋白水平增加,增重率、特定生长率、肥满度和肝体比率先升高后降低,其肌肉粗蛋白含量也随之显著升高(P0.05),而对粗脂肪和粗灰分不存在显著影响;随着脂肪水平增加,其肌肉粗脂肪含量也随之显著提高(P0.05),而对水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量不存在显著影响。肌肉中共测定出17种氨基酸(除色氨酸),不同蛋白和脂肪水平对氨基酸总量(WTAA)和必需氨基酸的构成比例(WEAA/WTAA)不存在显著影响。综合生长性能与氨基酸模式的实验结果,本研究认为细鳞鲑幼鱼最适蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为50%和8%,适宜蛋能比为29.36 g/MJ。 相似文献
20.
Effects of different dietary wheat starch levels on growth, feed efficiency and digestibility in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Li Xia Tian Yong Jian Liu Hui Jun Yang Gui Ying Liang Jin Niu 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(2):283-293
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary wheat starch on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in terms of growth performance, feed efficiency and digestibility. Five isoproteic (23.5%) and isolipidic (5.7%) diets with
five supplemented levels of wheat starch (D20, D26, D33, D40 and D47 with 20, 26, 33, 40 and 47%, respectively) were fed to
triplicate groups of grass carp (mean initial wet weight 6.9 ± 0.1 g) for 8 weeks. Results showed that weight gain (WG, %),
feed efficiency (FE, %) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in D20, D26 and D33 treatments were significantly higher than those
in D40 and D47 treatments (P < 0.05). Digestibility of carbohydrate and protein was significantly higher in D20, D26 and D33. No significant differences
were found in serum glucose and triglyceride contents between treatments. Serum lipase activity of fish fed D40 and D47 was
significantly higher than that of fish fed other diets. Whole-body, muscle and liver lipid contents increased with dietary
starch level as did mesenteric fat index, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index. In conclusion, when dietary protein
level was 23%, the level of dietary wheat starch should maximum be 33% to support normal growth of grass carp. Fish growth
was hampered by higher wheat starch (>33%) despite fish ate increasing levels of dietary digestible energy. Furthermore, excess
digestible carbohydrate was to some extent converted to lipid that was deposited in various tissues. Most importantly, grass
carp could endure high levels of cellulose without any negative effect on growth and digestibilities of dietary protein and
carbohydrate. 相似文献