共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
2.
以在陕西省杨凌区所采集的黄土样品为研究对象,对不同初始含水率的原状黄土进行了剪切蠕变试验,获取了蠕变曲线和蠕变特征参数,并研究了含水率、剪应力水平对蠕变特性的影响.结果表明,当含水率一定时,剪应力水平对黄土的蠕变特性有较大的影响,表现为剪应力愈大,黄土的蠕变应变愈大;当剪应力水平一定时,含水率对黄土蠕变特性影响明显,表现为含水率愈大,蠕变应变愈大.根据蠕变曲线特征,建立了原状黄土的蠕变本构模型,通过试验数据拟合得到本构模型中的参数.经验证,该模型能较好地模拟杨凌地区原状黄土的蠕变特性. 相似文献
3.
从位错理论出发导出了湿软土壤的剪切应力—剪切应变—时间关系。理论分析和试验结果表明土壤剪切应力与剪切速度成幂函数关系;与其本身可能抵抗的最大剪应力相比的相对剪应力水平只与剪切位移有关而与剪切速度无关。 相似文献
4.
从位错理论出发导出了湿软土壤的剪切应力－剪切应变－时间关系。理论分析和试验结果表明土壤剪切应力与剪切速度成幂函数关系；与其本身可能抵抗的最大剪应力相比的相对剪应力水只与剪切位移有关而与剪切速度无关。 相似文献
5.
在壤土和沙壤土地上采用高流量集流沟道来确定耕作对土壤分散率的影响。耕作地块上的土壤分散率要比免耕土壤大得多。基于线性恒定参数的土壤分散模型,耕作上的土壤可蚀性比免耕土的大７倍。免耕土的临界剪应力值是耕作土的２倍。当上壤可蚀性和临界剪应力值与用吊式穿透仪、十字板剪切仪测定的土壤强度系数的田间测定值相关时,土壤分散模型的决定系数有所提高。落锥系数比剪切系数更适合于模拟土壤的可蚀性和临界剪应力。线性方程和指数方程都可用来模拟土壤的分散率。土壤的可蚀性和临界剪应力都是土壤强度的线性函数,基于土壤极限剪应力的指数方程是用高流量集中水流预测土壤分散率的推荐模式。 相似文献
6.
入土切割对甘蔗切割过程影响的仿真试验 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动力学仿真软件及反求技术,建立甘蔗-切割器系统仿真模型,进行甘蔗材料参数反求,获得了适用于动力学仿真的甘蔗材料模型,且进行了物理试验验证;通过建立土壤-甘蔗-切割器系统的动力学仿真模型,进行动力学仿真试验,建立相关数学模型,研究了土壤的软、硬程度及切割状态对甘蔗最大切割力及切割破头的影响,结果表明,土壤的软硬程度对甘蔗的最大切割力影响小,对甘蔗轴向剪应力影响大;甘蔗两刀切断比一刀切断的最大切割力小,甘蔗入土切割比非入土切割的最大切割力大,但轴向剪应力小,甘蔗入土一刀切断的平均轴向剪应力比非入土一刀切断的小43.3%,甘蔗入土两刀切断的轴向剪应力比非入土两刀切断的小49%,入土切割是降低甘蔗切割破头的有效途径。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
为了实现香梨坚实度的可靠评估,该文采用有限元法对香梨振动模态分析,以明确库尔勒香梨果形对固有频率的影响,并建立更适于香梨坚实度评价的指标。研究结果表明：香梨梗端和萼端是振动信号激励和感测的适宜位置,其扭转模态、弯曲模态、拉压模态的固有频率?可用于香梨坚实度评估;采用香梨固有频率?、质量m、密度ρ及描述果形的纵横比q建立的公式?2m2/3ρ1/3qt能够有效评估香梨坚实度,各模态的固有频率?对应的t值分别为：扭转模态时,t=1.19;弯曲模态时,t=1.47;拉压模态时,t=0.47。这可为香梨内部品质的振动检测提供研究依据和实践指导。 相似文献
11.
An in‐line slit‐die viscometer (SDV) was used to measure the viscosity of a melt extrudate independently of the extruder operating conditions. The melt produced by extrusion of the corn grits followed a power law rheological model. The viscosity of the melt and extrusion parameters such as specific mechanical energy (SME), torque, and die pressure decreased with increasing moisture content. The degree of starch gelatinization increased when barrel temperature increased from 90 to 130°C. At temperatures higher than 130°C, most of the starch had gelatinized. The increase in barrel temperature, however, resulted in small changes in the apparent viscosity of the melt, until a maximum of ≈130°C. At a constant feed rate, SME increased and torque decreased when screw speed increased due to the shear thinning behavior of the melt. At a constant screw speed, the torque increased and SME decreased with increasing feed rate. This was due to a decrease in apparent viscosity of the melt at higher feed rates. SME is not an independent extrusion variable and should be used with caution either when predicting the effect of thermomechanical treatment of the product or as the key and only variable for controlling the food extrusion process. 相似文献
12.
13.
Mean residence time of rice flour in a twin‐screw extruder was determined using a blue tracer. Variables studied included moisture content, screw speed, barrel temperature, and screw configuration. Mean residence time increased with the increase of the barrel temperature and with the addition of reverse and kneading elements. Mean residence time was significantly related to screw speed, moisture content, die pressure, and screw configuration (P < 0.05). An empirical model was developed to predict mean residence time with the ability to reflect the changes of the barrel temperature and screw configuration. The effects of different extrusion operating conditions including screw speed, moisture content, barrel temperature, and screw geometry on the mean residence time were considered in the model. The validity of the developed model was extensively evaluated and verified using different screw geometries and other processing variables. The mean residence times predicted by the developed model are in good agreement with the experimental data. 相似文献
14.
径流泥沙混合装置研发 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
水土流失观测人工泥沙样品误差较大,因此样品均匀是提高观测准确性的关键。该文在已研制的可移动径流观测装置的基础上,通过对其泥沙混合装置中关键参数的实验测定,确定泥沙混合效果最佳条件下的混样桶高度和直径,以此实现高混合度泥沙样品的获取。结果表明:一级分流装置在高度H150mm×直径Φ200mm时混合效果最好,样品误差小于16%;二级分流装置在高度H40mm×直径Φ60mm时效果最好,样品误差小于7%。通过设定分流装置的高度和直径,可显著提高径流泥沙混合效果,此研究为提高可移动径流观测装置的观测精度提供了参考。 相似文献
15.
挤压加工参数对重组米生产过程及产品膨胀度的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了考察重组米生产过程中挤压加工变量对几种系统参数与产品膨胀度的影响,试验以杂交籼米（9?718品种）为原料,利用响应面模型,以螺杆转速、进料速度、进料含水率以及末端机筒温度为输入变量,以挤压系统参数（物料温度、模头压强、扭矩、比机械能和产品含水率）和重组米膨胀度为响应变量,探索在重组米生产过程中加工变量与系统参数及产品膨胀度的关系。结果表明,压强、比机械能和产品膨胀度都受到4个挤压变量的显著影响,但是物料温度受进料速度影响不显著,马达扭矩受末端机筒温度影响不显著,产品含水率仅受进料含水率的显著影响。比机械能与螺杆转速正相关,与进料速度、进料含水率和末端机筒温度负相关。所得二次回归模型均拟合良好,建立的挤压数学模型可应用于重组米生产,为重组米工业化生产的过程预测和产品性质预测提供参考。 相似文献
16.
I. D. HILL 《European Journal of Soil Science》1981,32(3):461-464
A method is described to measure the total amount of anisotropic plasma visible in soil thin sections. The proportion occurring within 15μm of void and skeletal grain surfaces is also measured. The results can be presented as an orientation index. 相似文献
17.
Degermed corn meal adjusted to 18% moisture content (db) with epichlorohydrin (ECH) content at 0, 0.5, 1, or 2% (w/w) were extruded with a twin-screw laboratory extruder at a screw speed of 140 rpm. Compression and metering barrel zones were set at 100, 120, or 140°C. Water solubility (WS) of ground extrudates ranged from 7.6 ± 1.1% to 14.3 ± 1.3%. ECH content had a significant (P < 0.01) negative effect on WS, while barrel temperature and the interaction between barrel temperature and ECH content were not significant (P > 0.05). Presumably, ECH reduced WS of extrudates through cross-linking between hydroxyl groups on starch and protein molecules. Gel-permeation chromatography patterns for both 100 and 140°C barrel temperatures showed that high molecular weight carbohydrates in the extrudates decreased with increasing ECH content without a simultaneous increase in low molecular weight carbohydrates. This suggested that the decrease in high molecular weight fractions was due to insolubilization by cross-linking rather than degradation. SDS-PAGE revealed that two protein bands of ≈29 and 17.5 kDa disappeared, and a new band appeared at 45 kDa with increasing ECH content. This indicated that, most likely, ECH reacted with protein in addition to reacting with starch. However, glycoprotein and starch-protein complexes were not identified with electrophoresis. 相似文献
18.
Pérez-Prieto LJ López-Roca JM Martínez-Cutillas A Pardo Mínguez F Gómez-Plaza E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(11):3272-3276
The influence of the oak origin, volume, and age of the barrel on the volatile composition of a red wine after six months of maturation have been studied. Major volatile compounds in wine were determined using liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane, and those volatiles being due to the oak were determined by extraction with pentane-ether using deuterated analogues as internal standards. The results show that there is little difference between the volatile composition of wines matured in French oak barrels and those matured in American oak barrels. The concentration of cis-oak lactone was the most significant difference. The greatest instrumental and sensory differences were found between new and used barrels, with important decreases in lactones and vanillin concentration in used barrels. When studying the effect of the volume of the barrel, the characteristics of the wine matured in 220-L new barrels versus those matured in 1000-L new barrels were very different. In new barrels, the larger the volume of the barrel, the lower the concentrations of those compounds responsible for the oaky aroma. These differences were less evident when comparing wines matured in used barrels with different capacities. 相似文献
19.
F. Martínez-Bustos Y. K. Chang A. C. Bannwart M. E. Rodríguez P. A. Guedes E. R. Gaiotti 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(6):796-801
The effects of added calcium hydroxide (0.0, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35%) and processing conditions, feed moisture content (mc) (16, 18, and 20%) and barrel temperature (130 and 150°C) on characteristics of corn meal extrudates were studied. Extruder screw speed was maintained at 130 rpm. Corn meal was extruded with a single-screw extruder (Brabender model GNF 1014/2) with a screw compression ratio of 3:1. The highest values (P < 0.05) for radial expansion and the lowest values for density and breaking force of extrudates were found for the treatment with 0.00% calcium hydroxide extruded at 16% feed mc and 130°C barrel temperature. This treatment was statistically different from the other treatments. Best values for radial expansion of samples extruded with added calcium hydroxide were for the samples with 0.15% calcium hydroxide at 18% feed mc and 130°C barrel temperature, followed by the sample with 0.35% calcium hydroxide at 16% feed mc and 130°C barrel temperature. Water absorption index and water solubility index were affected by calcium hydroxide and extrusion conditions evaluated. Extrudates had large numbers of flattened and sheared granules. Increases in calcium hydroxide increased extrudate yellowness. The combined action of calcium hydroxide and extrusion conditions completely modified the organized structure of the starch and suggest the formation of a starch-calcium complex (crystalline region). The texture of the extruded products was crispy after puffing. 相似文献
20.
The residence time distribution and barrel fill of pet food in a twinscrew extruder was determined under conditions of a constant ratio of feed rate to screw speed. Specific feeding load was held constant at 0.16 kg/hr/ rpm while feed rate ranges were 24–56 kg/hr and screw speed ranges were 150–350 rpm. The residence time rapidly decreased as feed rate and screw speed increased. The spread of the residence time distribution (RTD) was smaller at higher feed rates and screw speed, however analysis of the normalized RTD indicated greater mixing. The barrel fill was constant at ≈50% throughout the range of experimental conditions. 相似文献