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1.
The immunolocalization of the progesterone (PR) and oestrogen receptors (OR), in the magnum of the immature ostrich, was investigated during periods of ovarian activity and inactivity. In the immature ostrich, with an active ovary, numerous well-developed tubular glands were present in the lamina propria. Significantly, PR immunostaining was strong in the surface epithelium and tubular glands of these birds. In contrast, weak staining for the PR was observed in the surface epithelium of birds with inactive ovaries. Tubular gland formation, in these birds, was indicated by bud-like invaginations of the surface epithelium. Oestrogen receptor immunoreactivity was negligible in both birds with active and inactive ovaries. These findings suggest that steroid hormones, produced by the active ovary of the immature ostrich, influence the differentiation of the magnum. Furthermore, the action of these steroid hormones appears to be mediated through the PR.  相似文献   

2.
The immunohistochemical localization of progesterone and oestrogen receptors was studied in the shell gland of the immature ostrich (Struthio camelus) during periods of ovarian activity and inactivity. In birds with active ovaries moderate to strong immunostaining for the progesterone receptor was observed in the surface epithelium and tubular glands. In contrast faint progesterone receptor immunostaining was observed in the surface epithelium of the shell gland in ostriches with inactive ovaries. In addition, bud-like invaginations of the surface epithelium, which signaled tubular gland development, were negative for the progesterone receptor. Oestrogen receptor immunostaining, which was seen only in birds with active ovaries, was weak and restricted to nuclei of the surface epithelium. These results suggest that steroid hormones secreted by the active ovary regulate the differentiation of the shell gland. Furthermore, the influence of these hormones on the shell gland appears to be mediated predominantly through the activation of the progesterone receptor.  相似文献   

3.
The present study investigated the immunolocalization of the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors in the uterine horns of the African giant rat during the oestrous cycle. The progesterone and oestrogen α receptors were demonstrated in various cellular constituents of the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium. The intensity of progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunostaining in the endometrial and myometrial layers of the uterine horns varied during the oestrous cycle. The intensity of oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity in the luminal epithelium was high during pro‐oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. Progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity in the endometrial epithelia was absent during metoestrus. Moderate to strong immunostaining for the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors was demonstrated in the myometrial smooth muscle cells during pro‐oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. The intensity of progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunostaining in the myometrial smooth muscle cells was low during metoestrus. Stromal cells in the perimetrium consistently expressed progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity throughout the oestrous cycle. The findings of the study indicate that in the giant rat the immunolocalization of the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors, in endometrial and myometrial regions of the uterine horns, varies during the oestrous cycle.  相似文献   

4.
In most avian species, only the left ovary and oviduct are developed in the adult bird. Right ovaries and oviducts usually do not mature further after hatching and remain only rudimentary. However, occurrence of a functional right ovary is frequently found in several species of birds of prey. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of the right ovaries and their morphology in these bird species. Four examined wild bird species possessed a right ovary: long‐eared owl, common buzzard, sparrow hawk and goshawk. We used histological and immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate structural differences of the gonads and tried to correlate the findings with folliculogenesis and endocrine functions. The right ovaries showed different sizes and shapes. Cytoskeletal elements (tubulin and vimentin) and α‐smooth muscle actin have been detected in different structures of the right ovaries, but their staining intensity was weaker compared with the left ovary. This shows that also the right ovary is mechanically able to ovulate. We could also demonstrate the expression of oestrogen receptor α and progesterone receptor in the right ovaries, which indicates that also the right ovary can respond to steroid hormone stimuli. We assume that the expression of steroid hormone receptors in the presumptive gonad is still sufficient to mediate the development of a right ovary in the studied species. We conclude that the expression of steroid hormone receptors in the right ovary is involved in its post‐natal development. The histological and immunohistochemical data also imply that in the right ovary, folliculogenesis and ovulation can occur.  相似文献   

5.
旨在探究不同贮精能力母鸡的贮精腺形态、主要性激素水平以及激素受体基因表达量的差异,以期进一步揭示母鸡贮精能力差异产生的原因。本研究以27周龄158只的白来航母鸡和28只公鸡为试验材料,混精连续输精2 d,第3天开始按照个体收集种蛋孵化,根据输精后21 d内每天的种蛋受精情况统计个体受精率作为母鸡贮精能力;挑选高、低贮精能力极端个体各4只,分别为高、低贮精能力组;采血测定血清孕酮、雌激素、睾酮和催乳素激素浓度;解剖获取富含贮精腺的子宫阴道连接部组织,并沿纵向分为两份,一份制作石蜡切片并HE染色,用于贮精腺形态观察,另一份采用荧光定量PCR检测相应激素受体基因的表达量。结果表明,高、低贮精能力组子宫阴道连接部的黏膜面积、贮精腺数量、贮精腺密度均差异不显著（P>0.05）,但高贮精能力组母鸡的贮精腺平均横截面积显著高于低贮精能力组（P<0.05）;高贮精能力组母鸡的血清孕酮激素浓度显著高于低贮精能力组（P<0.05）,雌激素、睾酮和催乳素激素浓度在组间均差异不显著（P > 0.05）;与低贮精能力组相比,高贮精能力组睾酮受体基因和催乳素受体基因表达上调,雌激素α、β受体基因和孕酮受体基因下调,但未达显著水平（P>0.05）。结果提示,母鸡的贮精能力可能与贮精腺横截面积有关,此外,孕酮激素可能对诱导贮精腺中精子的激活起重要作用,从而影响母鸡持续受精能力。  相似文献   

6.
The present study examined the changes in serum biochemical values, hormone profiles and ovary prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene expression occurring in female domestic pigeons (Columba livia) under different breeding status and experience. The egg‐laying pigeons had lower calcium, total protein, albumin, prolactin levels and higher oestrogen levels than those of incubating birds (p < 0.05). First‐time breeders had higher (p < 0.05) progesterone levels and lower (p < 0.05) prolactin levels than that of experienced ones. The levels of oestrogen and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) increased with age (p < 0.05). The very old birds showed a pronounced increase (p < 0.05) in PRL, FSH and progesterone and a little decrease in oestrogen. Serum prolactin level was not correlated with the ovary PRLR mRNA expression pattern among all the pigeons. Results showed that serum physiological profile of female pigeons was correlated with breeding status, whereas reproductive hormone levels were correlated with advancing breeding experience. It was concluded that female pigeons had a good ability of recovering from nutrient loss after each breeding attempts, and the degradation of reproductive performance might be attributed to changes in the endocrine system.  相似文献   

7.
Fresh samples of uterine wall and peripheral plasma were obtained from 13 bitches of different breeds when they were treated for cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra by ovariohysterectomy. The plasma samples were assayed for progesterone and 17beta-oestradiol, and the tissue samples were examined histopathologically and for the presence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by an immunocytochemical method. The immunoreactivity was scored semiquantitatively, taking into account both the intensity and distribution of the specific staining of the receptors, by using a simplified scoring system. The scores for both oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the glandular epithelium were much lower, and in the endometrial stroma a mean (sd) score for oestrogen receptors was 46.0 (44.7) compared with 0 in comparable endometrial tissues from normal bitches at the same stage of the oestrous cycle.  相似文献   

8.
The morphology of the female reproductive tract and of the ovaries of the ovoviviparous C. pumilus was studied. Sperm storage organs were found in the vaginal region and changes in the histological appearance of the corpus luteum indicated a cyclic function similar to that found in mammals. Studies with 14C labelled leucine suggested that amino acid transfer occurred between the mother and the embryos. A radio-immuno assay of the progesterone content of the corpus luteum showed that the corpus luteum contains 56,8 μg progesterone/g of fresh luteal tissue and that the mean plasma levels of progesterone increased from 945,6 pg/ml in non-gravid to 2296,0 pg/ml in gravid females. There also appears to be a post-ovulatory surge of progesterone (4946,0 pg/ml). Oestrogens were found to stimulate the oviducal mucosa while progesterone acted synergjstically with oestrogen. Oestrogens also stimulated the production of serum protein fractions. Progesterone caused yolk regression and thus prevented the onset of the next follicular phase. Studies involving ovariectomy and progesterone replacement, indicated that progesterone and the corpus luteum are essential for the maintenance of gestation. It was concluded that several features of the reproductive biology of C. pumilus can be considered to be distinctly mammalian and that these features are of considerable evolutionary importance.  相似文献   

9.
The expression of oestrogen-alpha and progesterone receptors was determined in 13 normal, 21 dysplastic and 53 neoplastic feline mammary tissues. Expression of the receptors was correlated with cell proliferation, as assessed by the MIB-1 immunolabelling index, and with the clinical course of the disease. The expression of oestrogen receptors was significantly higher in healthy tissues and in adenosis than in neoplastic lesions, and the levels of progesterone receptors increased in fibroadenomatous changes and in "in situ" carcinomas but decreased in invasive carcinomas. The oestrogen and progesterone receptor status of the invasive carcinomas did not correlate either with the histological parameters or with the overall survival of the cats, although the oestrogen receptor-negative tumours had a poor prognosis. Oestrogen receptor-positive neoplasms had a significantly lower MIB-1 immunolabelling index than oestrogen receptor-negative neoplasms.  相似文献   

10.
This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of ammonia‐generating diet on serum and follicular fluid ammonia and urea levels, serum oestrogen and progesterone concentrations and granulosa cell growth and secretion parameters in ewes (Ovis aries). Ewes were fed with 14% CP diet (control) or ammonia‐generating diet or ammonia‐generating diet plus soluble sugar. The serum and follicular fluid ammonia and urea level, serum oestrogen and progesterone levels and granulosa cell (obtained from ovaries of slaughtered ewes) growth parameters and secretory activities were estimated. Ammonia‐generating diet (high‐protein diet) increased the serum ammonia and urea concentration. Supplementation of soluble sugar significantly reduced the ammonia concentration in serum with comparable levels as in control group; however, the urea level in the same group was higher than that observed in control group. Supplementation of soluble sugar significantly reduced the follicular fluid ammonia concentration; however, the level was significantly higher compared to control group. Supplementation of soluble sugar brought down the follicular fluid urea level comparable to that observed in control group. Oestrogen and progesterone levels remained unchanged in ewes fed with different types of diet. Oestrogen and progesterone secretion were significantly lowered from granulosa cells recovered from ewes fed with high ammonia‐generating diet. Low metabolic activity and high incidence of apoptosis were observed in granulosa cells obtained from ovaries of ewes fed with ammonia‐generating diet.  相似文献   

11.
Summary Observations were made, using scanning electron microscopy, of the surface features of the magnum in the immature ostrich during periods of ovarian inactivity, activity and regression. In birds with inactive ovaries the luminal surface of the magnum was lined with non-ciliated cells, which were densely covered by microvilli. In contrast, the magnum in birds with active ovaries was composed of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The distribution of ciliated cells was not uniform, with clumps of cilia occurring next to non-ciliated areas. Samples collected from birds with regressing ovaries, during periods of decreasing daylength, revealed that the magnum was undergoing involution. The deciliation of ciliated cells and the presence of short microvilli on non-ciliated cells characterized magnal regression. These results suggest that ovarian activity and changes in daylength have a profound effect on the surface features of the magnum in the immature ostrich.  相似文献   

12.
Forty-four female American Shorthair cats with inflammatory uterine disease or infertility were evaluated. Data collected included age, month of diagnosis, housing, reproductive history, results of bacteriologic culture of uterine specimens, serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin and histopathologic features of the ovaries and uterus. Histologically, the ovaries of 19 cats were dominated by active or cystic follicles, whereas 25 cats had luteal-phase ovaries. Of the 25 cats with active corpora lutea, 20 had either recently weaned litters (n = 11) without subsequent exposure to a male cat, or had been housed individually for lengthy periods (n = 9). The finding of active corpora lutea under these circumstances indicates that in queens, ovulation may occur by mechanisms not involving coitus. Prominent, active corpora lutea on the ovaries were associated with adenomatotic proliferative changes in the superficial and glandular epithelium of the uterus and with myometrial hyperplasia, compared with the uterus of cats with follicular ovaries (P less than 0.01). Serum progesterone concentration greater than or equal to 1.87 ng/ml was consistently associated with luteal-phase ovaries. Serum progesterone values less than or equal to 0.15 ng/ml were consistently associated with follicular-phase ovaries. Escherichia coli was the organism most commonly isolated from uterine contents.  相似文献   

13.
The objectives of this study were to establish the characteristics of oestrous behaviour in Ovsynch (induction of ovulation through administration of GnRH-PGF2-GnRH in a systemic manner on 0, seventh and ninth day respectively) and Ovsynch plus Norprolac (Quinagolide hydrochloride – an inhibitor of prolactin secretion) treated Murrah buffalo heifers and to determine the relationships between this behaviour and the plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β (E2), total oestrogen, and progesterone. Oestrus was detected by visual observations of oestrus signs, per rectal examination of genitalia and bull parading thrice a day during treatment period. Among all the symptoms, it was observed that bull mounting of heifers in oestrus was highest. Examination of genital tracts per rectum revealed that the cervix was relaxed, uterus was turgid and ovaries had palpable follicle in animals with oestrus. The peak concentrations of E2 (10.81 ± 0.62 pg/ml) and total oestrogen (17.11 ± 1.21 pg/ml) occurred at 9.45 ± 0.85 and 9.64 ± 0.93 h after second GnRH administration, respectively, in Ovsynch treated animals. However, the peak levels of E2 (20.02 ± 2.87 pg/ml) and total oestrogen (32.71 ± 3.15 pg/ml) occurred at 10.18 ± 0.50 and 10.36 ± 0.75 h after second GnRH administration, respectively, in Ovsynch plus Norprolac treated animals. Plasma progesterone concentration was basal (0.20 ± 0.001 ng/ml) during the peri-oestrus period. The plasma progesterone concentration was the lowest on the day of oestrus and increased to register a peak on day 13 ± 2 of the cycle. Oestrous behaviour was positively correlated with the peak concentration of E2 (p < 0.001) and total oestrogen (p < 0.001) during the peri-oestrus period. Inhibition of prolactin by Norprolac administration significantly increased the concentration of E2 and total oestrogen during oestrus in buffaloes in comparison to those recorded in animals subjected to Ovsynch protocol alone. In conclusion, our results suggest that the peak concentrations of E2 and total oestrogen and mean level of E2 and total oestrogen during the peri-oestrus period are the important factors contributing the behavioural manifestation of oestrus in buffalo cows.  相似文献   

14.
A three‐year‐old intact female Old English sheepdog was presented for evaluation of infertility. A uterine biopsy was performed during dioestrus, and the microscopic appearance was inconsistent with progesterone stimulation; the glands were sparse, simple and failed to show coiling, while the glandular epithelium was cuboidal instead of columnar. There was very little evidence of glandular activity. Due to the inappropriate appearance of the glands for the stage of the cycle, immunohistochemistry for progesterone receptors was performed. No progesterone receptor‐positive immunoreactivity was identified in the endometrial luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium or stroma. Weak intranuclear immunoreactivity was identified within the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. The absence of progesterone receptors within the endometrial glands is the most likely explanation for the abnormal appearance of the endometrium and for this bitch's infertility. To our knowledge, this is the first report of endometrial progesterone receptor absence in a bitch.  相似文献   

15.
The ultrastructure of the surface epithelium and tubular glands of the uterus in the immature ostrich is described. In ostriches with inactive ovaries the uterus is lined by a non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium, with basally located heterochromatic nuclei. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that these non-ciliated cells have a dense microvillous cover. A simple columnar to pseudostratified columnar epithelium, comprised of non-ciliated and ciliated cells, lines the uterus in birds with active ovaries. The ciliated cells possess a wide luminal region, which contains a nucleus and various organelles. An accumulation of secretory granules was observed in the apical regions of the non-ciliated cells, as well as in a few ciliated cells. In addition to non-ciliated and ciliated cells, a cell type with rarefied cytoplasm was also identified. These cells appear to correspond to calcium secreting cells identified in other avian species. The results of this study indicate that, although uterine differentiation is present in immature ostriches with active ovaries, the production of secretory product appears to occur mainly in non-ciliated epithelial cells.  相似文献   

16.
Reasons for performing study: Fillies completely devoid of endometrial glands (uterine gland knockout; UGKO) would make ideal experimental models in which to study the role of endometrial histotroph in embryogenesis and early fetal development in the mare. Hypothesis: Administration of a synthetic progestagen plus oestrogen to newborn filly foals and, thereafter, at regular intervals to age 6 months, would permanently suppress endometrial gland development. Methods: Nine half‐sister Thoroughbred filly foals were treated, in 3 groups, with: A) the weakly active progestagen, norgestomet, administered from birth to age 6 months, in subcutaneous implant form plus oestradiol valerate and norgestomet i.m. at fortnightly intervals; B) the strongly active oral progestagen, altrenogest, administered daily from birth to age 6 months plus fortnightly injections of oestradiol valerate and norgestomet; C) nothing (untreated controls). Endometrial biopsies were recovered from all fillies at ages 6 months and 2 years to assess the degree of endometrial gland morphogenesis and to determine immunohistochemically the presence or absence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrial tissues. Results: Groups B and C showed no endometrial gland development, whereas Group A fillies showed a high degree of endometrial gland development, plus strong staining for both oestrogen and progesterone receptors at age 6 months. All 9 fillies showed full normal endometrial gland morphogenesis, development and function at age 2 years. Conclusions and relevance: While the administration of a strongly active progestagen over‐rode the actions of the concomitantly administered oestrogen and suppressed endometrial gland development during the period of administration, treatment with oestradiol valerate together with a weakly active progestagen, stimulated precocious endometrial gland development. Neither steroid was able to create the desired UGKO experimental model and all fillies showed normal endometrial gland development and fertility after puberty. Hence, ovarian oestrogen, not progesterone, appears to be the basic stimulus for endometrial gland morphogenesis in the horse.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
The distribution of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the equine genital tract was investigated by means of a modified dextran-coated charcoal method on samples collected from the vagina, the cervix and the uterus of 30 healthy adult Polish mares, divided into two groups on the basis of their serum progesterone levels. The concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone receptors were significantly (P<0·05) lower in the vagina and the cervix than in the uterus, in agreement with data from human beings, cattle and pigs, which showed that the highest concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone receptors were localised respectively in the body and in the horns of the uterus.  相似文献   

19.
A study was made of the role of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) enzyme in the changes in the concentrations and fatty acid composition of the plasma cholesteryl esters of the fowl associated with oestrogen treatment and sexual maturity. Although there was a considerable increase in the concentration of free cholesterol in the plasma of oestrogen treated and laying birds, only in the oestrogen treated birds was it associated with an increased rate of cholesterol esterification. In both laying and oestrogen treated birds, changes in the fatty acid composition of the plasma cholesterol esters could be attributed to related changes in the fatty acid specificity of the LCAT enzyme. Evidence is provided to indicate that the cholesterol esters in the plasma of the fowl are synthesised mainly by the plasma LCAT system. The changes in the rates and fatty acid specificity of the LCAT system in the plasma of the fowl associated with sexual maturity or oestrogen treatment are discussed in relation to the extensive alterations shown to occur in the lipoprotein pattern of the plasma.  相似文献   

20.
Sebaceous gland oestrogen α (ERα) and progesterone (PR) receptor expression was examined immunohistochemically in 26 and 32 dogs respectively with sebaceous gland hyperplasia/adenomas, epitheliomas and carcinomas, and in the glands of 10 healthy controls. The mean percentage of ERα positive nuclei in control sebaceous glands was 21.31% compared with 11.5% in hyperplasia/adenoma‐type lesions, although these values were not statistically different. In sebaceous gland epitheliomas and carcinomas, positive basal cells represented 7.86% and 3.53% of neoplastic cells respectively and these mean percentages were significantly lower in epitheliomas (P < 0.024) and carcinomas (P < 0.015) than in controls. The mean percentage of PR‐positive nuclei in control sebaceous glands was 23.96%, similar to the 22.07% found in hyperplasia/adenoma‐type lesions. In sebaceous gland epitheliomas and carcinomas, positive cells were scarce and represented 13.5% and 4.06% of neoplastic cells respectively. Differences in the percentage of positive cells between normal and pathological glands reached statistical significance for carcinomas (P < 0.043). In the control group there was greater PR (P < 0.001) and ERα expression (P < 0.014) in sebaceous glands in female dogs. The PR and ERα immunoreactivity in each category of neoplastic lesions could not be analysed because sample size was too small but when all the sebaceous gland tumours were grouped and analysed, no sex difference was found. The results suggest that oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression is reduced in some canine sebaceous gland tumours. These changes may represent a contributing factor for tumour growth or simply be a consequence of tumour progression.  相似文献   

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