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非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）是核质巨DNA病毒,它引起的非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是一种高度接触性、致死性传染病。ASF的出现给全球养猪业和整个市场经济带来了巨大威胁和挑战。目前尚无针对ASF的有效疫苗,而对ASFV感染机制和免疫逃逸机制认识的不足是制约商品化疫苗研究的主要因素。本文对ASFV的结构和生命周期进行了总结,并从先天性免疫反应、适应性免疫反应和程序性细胞死亡3个方面,对ASFV调控宿主抗病毒反应的分子机制进行了归纳,以期为ASFV致病机制研究和新型疫苗靶点研究提供参考。 相似文献
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在养殖牲畜过程中,常见的一种疾病就是牛口蹄疫免疫反应,它是一种传染性极强、危害性极大的疾病。根据国家的相关法律规定,国家需要对重大疫病需要进行强制性预防以及免疫的措施。目前,医学家对疫病的研究不断的发展,人民对牛口蹄疫免疫反应的发病原因与发病的具体表现有了更加深入的认识。在对牛进行强制性免疫的过程中,要及时进行救治,防止由于免疫导致的牲口死亡情况。本文是针对牛口蹄疫免疫反应的症状、牛口蹄疫免疫反应原因分析、牛口蹄疫免疫反应的预防与救治进行简单介绍,仅供参考。 相似文献
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自噬是真核细胞中常见的一种保守的溶酶体分解代谢途径，对宿主代谢至关重要。其主要功能包括饥饿时的能量守恒、细胞器的循环和长寿蛋白质的正常周转。自噬在清除细胞内病原体方面起着关键作用，很可能是一种原始的内在细胞防御机制。最近的研究表明，自噬在病毒感染过程中起着复杂的多向作用，它不仅保留了降解细胞内病原体的能力，还具有增强和微调抗病毒免疫反应的功能。然而，一些病毒也进化出各种机制以逃避自噬降解，促进其自身的复制和释放。本文综述了自噬与病毒感染相互作用的研究进展，强调了自噬与细小病毒之间的分子相互作用，为抗病毒药物及疫苗研发提供理论基础，从而为细小病毒的防控提供新思路。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(3):117-120
研究左旋咪唑配合灭活H5N1禽流感病毒(IAIV)口服免疫对鸡免疫反应和生长性能的影响。用左旋咪唑配合灭活H5N1禽流感病毒口服免疫雏鸡后,通过检测口腔、肠道和呼吸道中特异性Ig A、血清中特异性Ig G和HI抗体水平对免疫效果进行评价,通过称重、检测空肠绒毛长度来评价生长性能。左旋咪唑配合灭活禽流感病毒口服免疫雏鸡后,口腔棉拭子、肠道和气管涮洗液中特异性Ig A水平极显著(P0.01)或显著(P0.05)高于单独口服IAIV;左旋咪唑配合灭活禽流感病毒口服免疫雏鸡后,体重没有变化。本研究表明,左旋咪唑配合灭活H5N1禽流感病毒口服免疫雏鸡,不仅能刺激局部的黏膜免疫应答,还能诱导全身免疫应答反应,对鸡的生长性能影响不大。 相似文献
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1免疫促进剂
中医免疫学中指出中草药中补气、补血、补阴、补阳等药材,对低下的免疫反应有促进作用,能提高机体免疫系统的功能,增强机体的免疫力,促进免疫反应向着有利于机体的方面进行,达到治愈疾病的目的。凡具有上述作用的中药,都可称为中药免疫促进剂。 相似文献
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Sang Y Rowland RR Blecha F 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2011,12(2):149-167
Innate immunity provides frontline antiviral protection and bridges adaptive immunity against virus infections. However, viruses can evade innate immune surveillance potentially causing chronic infections that may lead to pandemic diseases. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an example of an animal virus that has developed diverse mechanisms to evade porcine antiviral immune responses. Two decades after its discovery, PRRSV is still one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening the swine industry. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular composition of the mammalian innate antiviral immune system with emphasis on the porcine system. In particular, we focus on the interaction between PRRSV and porcine innate immunity at cellular and molecular levels. Strategies for targeting innate immune components and other host metabolic factors to induce ideal anti-PRRSV protection are also discussed. 相似文献
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The transmission of PRDC-pathogens (PRRSV, influenza virus A, PCV2, M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae) between swine herds, which was summarized in the first part of the review, mainly occurs via pig movement. The risk of pathogen transmission by insemination with contaminated semen plays only a relevant role in the infection with PRRSV and PCV2. A risk of the aerogen transmission of pathogens between herds within a distance of 2 to 3 km is described for M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV. Evidence for the other pathogens is not investigated. The PRDC-pathogens are frequently detected in wild boar populations. Therefore, the transmission between wild boars and domestic pigs seems possible by close contacts. PRRSV and M. hyopneumoniae can be transmitted by contaminated clothes and boots, but the use of sanitation protocols appears to limit their spread. Live vectors like rodents or birds seemed to have no special importance for the transmission of PRDC-pathogens. 相似文献
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猪蓝耳病毒等在感染的猪的精液中可检测到相关病毒,能过精液导致疫病爆发已有报道,筛选在体外精液中抗病毒药物组方意义重大.应用细胞培养和病毒滴度试验,比对筛选不同类型抗病毒中药、化药及组合配方抗猪精液中蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）的作用效果.结果表明黄芩、利巴韦林、银黄与利巴韦林组合制剂3种配方具有抗猪精液中蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）的作用,其中银黄和利巴韦林组合配方对蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）抑制率达到78％,抗猪精液中蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）效果显著.为人工授精和冷冻精液制贮备中预防疫病发生提供了基础. 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)是一种主要表现为母猪繁殖障碍与仔猪呼吸道症状的传染病。近年来,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)变异株不断出现,免疫逃避及持续性感染使得猪群发病率或复发率均相继增高,给养猪业带来了巨大的损失。目前所采用的胃肠道途径接种活疫苗或灭活疫苗的方法无法诱导对猪群的全面保护作用。为减少养猪业的经济损失,亟需研制新防制方法和新疫苗接种途径。作者主要从黏膜免疫的免疫部位、呼吸道保护性黏膜免疫反应诱导、黏膜免疫途径、佐剂的选择及病毒的免疫抑制反应等方面简要论述了有效防制PRRSV的黏膜免疫方法的研究进展,为进一步了解黏膜免疫抵御PRRSV突变株感染及黏膜疫苗研制等方面提供有用的信息。 相似文献
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采用PCR技术,对2007年-2009年山东部分地区的38个猪场和人工授精站的生产公猪精液样品727份进行了猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)和猪细小病毒(PPV)5种主要病原的检测。结果检出CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV-2和PPV的阳性数和阳性率分别为18份(2.48%)、27份(3.71%)、7份(0.96%)、33份(4.54%)、9份(1.24%),有7份样品为2种以上病原混合感染,其中以PRRSV+PCV-2混合感染最多。结果表明精液传播病毒仍是当前母猪繁殖障碍的重要原因之一,应重点加强对种公猪的疫病净化和公猪精液管理,从源头控制传染源。 相似文献
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为探明猪精液在疫病传播中的作用,应用PCR和RT-PCR技术分别从发病猪场和未发病猪场采集种公猪精液进行猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的检测。结果发现,发病猪场的种公猪精液中CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV-2的感染率分别为30.0%、50.0%、4.0%和30.0%,而未发病猪场的感染率分别为4.0%、20.0%、0.0%和8.0%,这表明精液是多种猪病原传播的良好媒介,提示种公猪对于疫病的发生和传播起着重要作用。 相似文献
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作为一种RNA病毒,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)极易变异,具有快速演化且易与其他毒株发生重组的特性,不同PRRSV毒株又存在着明显的致病性表型差异,异源毒株间交叉保护较差,这也是迄今为止PRRSV未得到有效控制的最主要的原因之一,PRRSV给全球养猪业带来了不可估量的经济损失。自上世纪80年代发现以来,基因2型PRRSV不断变异与演化,根据ORF5基因遗传进化分析,其被划分为9个谱系,我国主要以谱系1,3,5,8为主。本文从自然流行毒株、疫苗演化毒株、重组毒株3个方面对基因2型PRRSV的遗传变异与演化进行了综述,以期为PRRSV分子流行病学的研究及其免疫防控提供参考依据。 相似文献
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种公猪精液中猪瘟和蓝耳病病毒混合感染的快速检测 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
参考GenBank公布的猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)VL2332株、LV株以及猪瘟兔化弱毒(CSFV)C株的基因序列,各设计合成了一对引物,建立了在相同PCR扩增条件下能同时检测PRRSV和CSFV的RT-PCR方法。对2003~2004年期间江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、上海等省市的17个大中型猪场送检的186份种公猪精液进行了检测,结果18份呈PRRSV阳性,24份呈CSFV阳性,其中有11份为PRRSV和CSFV的混合感染,约占送检精液样品的5.91%。试验结果表明,所建立的RT-PCR方法可用于精液中这2种野毒感染的快速鉴定和分子流行病学调查。 相似文献
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During the hunting season 1996-1999, blood samples were collected from wild boar shot in The Netherlands. Sera were screened for presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), and Trichinella spiralis. The results indicate that CSFV, SVDV, and ADV are uncommon in the wild boar population. Therefore, it seems that CSFV, SVDV, and ADV infection in the wild boar population is not an important reservoir in The Netherlands. ADV and CSFV infections are endemic in the wild boar population in Germany. Since contact between the German and Dutch wild boar populations can not be excluded, continuation of the sero-surveillance system seems appropriate. In the decade before 1998, the wild boar population in The Netherlands seemed to be free of T. spiralis. Whether the finding, in the hunting season of 1998-1999, of a few wild boar with antibodies against T. spiralis is an artefact or not, should be investigated in further research. 相似文献
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Simulating the spread of classical swine fever virus between a hypothetical wild-boar population and domestic pig herds in Denmark 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Denmark has no free-range wild-boar population. However, Danish wildlife organizations have suggested that wild boar should be reintroduced into the wild to broaden national biodiversity. Danish pig farmers fear that this would lead to a higher risk of introduction of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which could have enormous consequences in terms of loss of pork exports. We conducted a risk assessment to address the additional risk of introducing and spreading CSFV due to the reintroduction of wild boar. In this paper, we present the part of the risk assessment that deals with the spread of CSFV between the hypothetical wild-boar population and the domestic population. Furthermore, the economic impact is assessed taking the perspective of the Danish national budget and the Danish pig industry. We used InterSpreadPlus to model the differential classical swine fever (CSF) risk due to wild boar. Nine scenarios were run to elucidate the effect of: (a) presence of wild boar (yes/no), (b) locations for the index case (domestic pig herd/wild-boar group), (c) type of control strategy for wild boar (hunting/vaccination) and (d) presence of free-range domestic pigs. The presence of free-range wild boar was simulated in two large forests using data from wildlife studies and Danish habitat data. For each scenario, we estimated (1) the control costs borne by the veterinary authorities, (2) the control-related costs to farmers and (3) the loss of exports associated with an epidemic. Our simulations predict that CSFV will be transmitted from the domestic pig population to wild boar if the infected domestic pig herd is located close to an area with wild boar (<5 km). If an outbreak begins in the wild-boar population, the epidemic will last longer and will occasionally lead to several epidemics because of periodic transfer of virus from groups of infected wild boar to domestic pig herds. The size and duration of the epidemic will be reduced if there are no free-range domestic pig herds in the area with CSF-infected wild boar. The economic calculations showed that the total national costs for Denmark (i.e. the direct costs to the national budget and the costs to the pig industry) related to an outbreak of CSF in Denmark will be highly driven by the reactions of the export markets and in particular of the non-EU markets. Unfortunately, there is a substantial amount of uncertainty surrounding this issue. If hunting is used as a control measure, the average expenses related to a CSF outbreak will be 40% higher if wild boar are present compared with not present. However, a vaccination strategy for wild boar will double the total costs compared with a hunting strategy. 相似文献