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以初始体重为39.20±0.24mg的方格星虫稚虫为实验对象,分别饲喂蛋白水平为25.21%、29.87%、35.03%、40.67%、45.47%、50.12%、55.29%、60.38%、64.85%的9种等能微颗粒饲料56d,研究饲料蛋白水平对方格星虫稚虫生长和体组成的影响。结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对方格星虫稚虫的生长性能有显著影响(P<0.05)。随着饲料中蛋白水平的提高,稚星虫的增重率和特定生长率都呈先增后降的趋势,当饲料蛋白水平为45.47%时,稚星虫增重率和特定生长率均达到最大值,二次曲线回归分析确定当增重率达到极值时,饲料蛋白水平为46.79%;对稚星虫体组成成分的分析表明,饲料蛋白水平对方格星虫稚虫体组成中脂肪和蛋白质的含量影响显著(P<0.05),稚星虫体蛋白含量随着饲料蛋白水平的上升有显著升高的趋势,64.85%组稚星虫体蛋白含量最高,显著高于其他各蛋白水平组(P<0.05)。体脂肪含量随着饲料蛋白水平的上升有降低的趋势,64.85%组稚星虫的体脂肪含量最低,显著低于25.21%、29.87%、35.03%和40.67%组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白水平对稚星虫体灰分含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。以增重率为评价指标时,方格星虫稚虫对饲料中蛋白的适宜需求量为46.79%。 相似文献
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以初始体重为15.50±0.04 mg的方格星虫稚虫为实验对象,分别饲喂脂肪水平为0.36％、3.32％、6.49％、9.31％、12.16％、15.14％和18.36％的7种等氮、等能饲料56 d,研究饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫生长、体组成及消化酶活性的影响.实验结果表明,(1)饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫的生长性能有显著影响(P＜0.05).随着饲料中脂肪水平的提高,方格星虫稚虫的增重率和特定生长率都呈先增后降的趋势,当饲料中脂肪水平为9.31％时,方格星虫稚虫增重率和特定生长率达到最大值.二次曲线回归分析确定当增重率达到极值时,饲料脂肪水平为8.70％;(2)饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫体组成中脂肪和蛋白质的含量影响显著(P＜0.05),方格星虫稚虫体脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平的上升有显著升高的趋势,18.36％组星虫体脂肪含量最高,显著高于0.36％、3.32％、6.49％、9.31％和12.16％组(P＜0.05).体蛋白含量随着饲料脂肪水平的上升有降低的趋势,18.36％组星虫的体蛋白含量最低,显著低于0.36％、3.32％、6.49％、9.31％和12.16％组(P＜0.05).饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫体组成中水分和粗灰分含量没有显著影响(P＞0.05);(3)随着饲料脂肪水平的增加,方格星虫稚虫蛋白酶活性和脂肪酶活性均呈先增后降的趋势,两种酶活性的最大值均出现在脂肪水平为9.31％时,但是饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫的淀粉酶活性没有显著的影响(P＞0.05).以增重率为评价指标时,方格星虫稚虫对饲料中脂肪的适宜需求量为8.70％. 相似文献
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可口革囊星虫对温度、盐度的耐受性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
可口革囊星虫(Phascoloma esculenta)属星虫动物门、革囊星虫纲、革囊星虫目、革囊星虫科、革囊星虫属,是我国的特有种,主要分布于广东、广西、海南岛、福建、浙江沿海,有些地方的潮间带栖息密度较大[1-2]。可口革囊星虫肉味鲜美、营养丰富,加工成品“沙虫干”是著名的海产珍品之一,深受国内外消费者欢迎;做成“土蒜冻”制品具有滋阴降火、补肾益智、泻火的功效[3-4]。目前,有关可口革囊星虫的生物学基础资料较少[5-7],笔者探讨温度和盐度变化对可口革囊星虫的影响,从而为可口革囊星虫的人工养殖和人工育苗提供理论依据。1材料与方法1.1材… 相似文献
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以初始体重为15.49±0.03 mg的方格星虫稚虫为实验对象,分别投喂以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、木薯淀粉、土豆淀粉、玉米淀粉、糊化玉米淀粉作为饲料糖源的7种等氮（45％蛋白）等脂（9％脂肪）饲料56d,研究饲料中的糖源对稚星虫生长、成活率及体组成的影响.结果表明,糊化玉米淀粉组增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于其他各糖源处理组（P＜0.05）,而饲料中糖源对稚星虫存活率没有显著影响（P＞0.05）.体组成分析的结果显示,不同糖源对稚星虫的体水分和体粗蛋白含量均有显著的影响（P＜0.05）,其中,葡萄糖处理组方格星虫稚虫的体水分含量最高,且显著高于土豆淀粉组（P＜0.05）,其他各实验组差异不显著;葡萄糖处理组方格星虫稚虫的体粗蛋白含量最低,显著低于糊化及非糊化淀粉组（P＜0.05）.不同糖源对稚星虫的体粗脂肪含量及灰分含量没有显著影响（P＞0.05）.在本实验条件下,稚星虫对大分子糖类（淀粉）的利用能力显著优于双糖（蔗糖）和单糖（葡萄糖）.另外,玉米淀粉预糊化显著提高了方格星虫稚虫对玉米淀粉的利用. 相似文献
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在26~30℃和盐度18~22下,研究了每千克干等氮等能基础饲料中添加0、4、8、16、32mg和64mg蛋氨酸铜的饲料(铜实际含量为2.7、7.5、11.2、19.8、30.4mg/kg和52.1mg/kg)对体质量(18.46±0.11)mg方格星虫稚虫的质量日增加、组织铜含量和消化酶活性的影响。基础饲料以酪蛋白、明胶为蛋白源,糊精为糖源,鱼油为脂肪源,含粗蛋白44.25%,粗脂肪9.23%,灰分9.64%,能值为19.71 MJ/kg。56d的饲养结果表明,饲料铜水平显著影响方格星虫稚虫的质量日增加、体壁铜含量、虫体铜含量(P0.05)。稚星虫的质量日增加随饲料铜水平的增加呈先增后降趋势,随后趋于平稳。饲料铜水平为7.5、11.2、52.1mg/kg时,稚虫的质量日增加差异不显著;当饲料铜含量为11.2mg/kg时,稚星虫质量日增加达最大值(0.68±0.04)mg/d。稚星虫的体壁铜含量和虫体铜含量均随着饲料中铜含量的提高而显著升高,当饲料铜含量为52.1mg/kg时,达到最大值。各处理组稚星虫体腔液铜含量为2.32~4.53μg/g,与消化酶活性一致,组间差异不显著(P0.05)。综合质量日增加和饲料成本考虑,建议方格星虫稚虫饲料铜水平的添加量为7.5~11.2mg/kg。 相似文献
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为了解不同生长阶段可口革囊星虫营养生理和消化生理,比较了稚虫(0.35±0.00)g、幼虫(1.43±0.10)g、成虫(5.15±0.34)g 3个生长阶段可口革囊星虫体壁的营养成分和氨基酸组成以及肠道消化酶活性。结果表明,随着个体生长,星虫体壁水分、粗灰分和总糖含量显著降低(P0.05),粗蛋白含量显著升高(P0.05),粗脂肪含量无显著变化(P0.05)。除脯氨酸和甘氨酸含量显著降低(P0.05)外,其他氨基酸含量均随星虫个体的生长而增加。随着个体的生长,星虫肠道蛋白酶活性显著升高(P0.05),成虫显著高于稚虫(P0.05)而与幼虫无显著差异(P0.05)。相反,淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随星虫的生长而显著降低(P0.05)。稚虫和幼虫的淀粉酶活性显著高于成虫(P0.05),两者间无显著差异(P0.05);稚虫的脂肪酶活性显著高于幼虫和成虫(P0.05)。因此,不同生长阶段可口革囊星虫的营养需求和消化酶活性均不同,在饲养过程中,应考虑星虫这种生理的变化,适当调整饲料营养配比,以提高饲料利用效率。 相似文献
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Smita Sadanand Tulsankar Anthony John Cole Marthe Monique Gagnon Ravi Fotedar 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):1913-1922
Seasonal variations can affect the concentration of trace elements, and the change in their concentrations can affect the natural productivity of freshwater aquaculture ponds. Hence, we studied the seasonal variations of the 12 pre‐selected trace elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Se, Ca, Mg, P, S, Al, Si) and their relationships with primary and secondary productivity in two aged ponds, stocked with three different life stages of marron (Cherax cainii), for a period of 1 year. Trace element analysis was performed by using (Agilent, ICP‐OES). Except Co and Se, all trace elements, and primary and secondary productivity were influenced by seasonal variation. The pond age significantly influenced the concentrations of some trace elements. On a seasonal basis, trace elements were positively correlated with the plankton abundance, species diversity, and wet and dry plankton weights. Seasonal variations and pond age affected the dissolved concentrations of trace elements and plankton productivity. 相似文献
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Trace element concentrations in waters of 10, inland, low‐salinity shrimp ponds in Alabama tended to be greater than those found in normal seawater – molybdenum, boron and silicon were exceptions. Concentrations of most trace elements varied greatly among ponds on individual sampling dates, and average concentrations based on all sampling dates in individual ponds also varied considerably. The analytical method used, digestion of water samples in nitric acid followed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry, measured total concentrations of trace elements – free ions, hydrolysis products, ion pairs, coordination compounds (chelated forms) and particulate forms. Free ions are the toxic forms of most trace elements and the ionic concentration is much less than the total concentration of a trace element. Based on total concentrations of trace elements, it is doubtful that free‐ionic concentrations of trace elements were great enough to harm shrimp. The fact that no negative correlations were noted between trace element concentrations and shrimp survival and production supports this conclusion. However, positive correlations (P < 0.05) between shrimp survival and production and increasing concentrations of zinc, cobalt and iron should be investigated further to ascertain if additions of these elements to ponds might improve shrimp performance. 相似文献
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以强壮前沟藻为材料,采用实验室内单种培养方法,以氮、磷、维生素和微量元素进行四因素三水平正交试验,研究强壮前沟藻生长的营养需求.试验结果表明,磷对强壮前沟藻生长的影响达到显著水平,氮元素对该藻生长的影响也较为显著,而微量元素及维生素对强壮前沟藻生长影响不显著,各因素对强壮前沟藻生长的影响依次为:磷>氮>微量元素>维生素;强壮前沟藻生长的最佳营养条件为氮元素880 μmol/L,磷元素108 μmol/L,微量元素21.0 μmol/L,维生素0.96 μmol/L.根据强壮前沟藻生长的营养需求,初步探讨了营养条件对该藻形成赤潮的影响. 相似文献
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Nguyen Phuc Cam Tu Nguyen Ngoc Ha Tetsuro Agusa Tokutaka Ikemoto Bui Cach Tuyen Shinsuke Tanabe Ichiro Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(4):677-686
The dominant coastal bivalve in Vietnam, hard clams Meretrix spp., collected from the South Key Economic Zone (SKEZ), the Mekong River Delta, and the Central Coastal Zone (CCZ) were
analyzed for 21 trace elements. Comparison of the results from the three regions indicated that levels of most of the trace
elements, especially As, Mo, Sn, and Pb, were highest in the samples collected from the CCZ, whereas most of the trace elements
were found to be present at relatively low levels in samples from the SKEZ. The high concentrations of these trace elements
in the CCZ, a sparsely populated region with less human activity than the other two regions, were believed to have originated
from industrial waste produced in a shipyard. Although the trace element concentrations in the bivalves were within safe levels
for human-consumption criteria reported by the United State Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission, estimation
of cancer risk based on As concentration indicates that the hard clams from the CCZ pose a high risk to consumers. Thus, the
industrial waste produced in the less densely populated region might increase the health risk to consumers via the contamination
of bivalves commonly used as food. 相似文献
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Yonghua Gao Qingling Feng Dongni Ren Li Qiao Shengrong Li 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(1):91-100
The trace element composition of the fish otolith is an indicator of biomineralization. In contrast to other skeletal tissue,
the otolith retains its entire original structure and does not absorb any elements after the fish dies. Because otoliths in
carp degrade very slowly in the dead body, the information it provides on the environment is retained, even in fossil form.
Here, we report our analysis of the trace elements in otoliths of carp and of the water in Donghu Lake and Longhupao Lake,
Heilongjiang province, China, where the fish lived. The results revealed that the trace elements found in the carp otoliths
were clearly correlated with those found in these water bodies. There were high concentrations of Au, Ba, K, Sr and Zn in
both the water and otoliths; in contrast there were high levels of As, Na and Se in water, but low concentrations in otoliths.
These results indicate that an analysis of the otoliths of carps provides an accurate procedure for studying the surrounding
hydrochemistry conditions. The interaction of the elements during deposition was also studied. The correlation coefficients
of 13 trace elements identified in the otoliths in both lakes were calculated. 相似文献
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黑壳病马氏珠母贝贝肉微量元素及挥发性成分分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用湿法消解和索氏提取法＋水蒸气蒸馏法分别处理黑壳病马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensii）贝肉样品。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—AES）检测样品中12种主要微量元素的质量分数,气质联用色谱法（GC—MS）检测其挥发性成分。结果表明,与健康贝贝肉相比,黑壳病贝贝肉中微量元素除锌（Zn）和硒（Se）的质量分数有明显变化（下降率分别为8．54％和10．98％）外,其他元素没有明显差异;病贝中含有的挥发性物质（16种）较健康贝的少（20种）,并含有金属元素、大量的苯环等。 相似文献