共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
1.
采用强饲法测定玉米在添加一种复合酶制剂前后的表观代谢能、真代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、氮校正真代谢能、氮真代谢率、干物质表观消化率和干物质真消化率,以评估复合酶制剂对鸡利用玉米养分的影响。64只体质量为(2.2±0.1)kg的青年粤黄公鸡,随机分成4个处理组(每组4个重复,每重复4只鸡);在48 h的饥饿排空期后,其中3组分别强饲无氮料、玉米和添加酶的玉米料(酶添加剂量为180 mg/kg,50 g/只),另1组继续饥饿;分别收集各重复组的排泄物,经烘干粉碎备用于成分分析。试验结果表明:玉米在添加酶后的鸡表观代谢能、真代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、氮校正真代谢能、氮真代谢率、干物质表观消化率和真消化率均分别显著高于纯玉米,其提高率分别为6.18%、5.64%、4.66%、4.5%、54.93%、8.22%和7.4%。复合酶制剂能显著提高鸡对玉米养分的利用率。 相似文献
2.
乳化剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及养分利用率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨不同来源油脂饲粮中添加乳化剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及养分利用率的影响。试验采用2×3二因子析因试验设计,A因子为菜籽油和牛油两种油脂饲粮组,B因子为无乳化剂添加组、添加乳化剂1组和添加乳化剂2组,乳化剂添加量均为商业推荐量。选取672只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成6组,每组8个重复,每个重复14只鸡(公母各半)。结果表明,肉仔鸡生长后期及全期,乳化剂1组平均日采食量和平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),乳化剂1和2均有降低料肉比的趋势。饲粮中添加乳化剂1显著提高了生长前期肉仔鸡干物质表观消化率及表观代谢能值(P<0.05)。牛油饲粮组肉仔鸡生长全期的平均日采食量和料肉比显著高于菜籽油饲粮组(P<0.05),不同油脂饲粮组肉仔鸡的平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。菜籽油饲粮组生长全期肉仔鸡粗脂肪表现消化率和表观代谢能值均显著高于牛油组(P<0.05)。结果提示,从试验全期来看,在牛油饲粮和菜籽油饲粮中分别添加外源乳化剂,肉仔鸡生产性能及脂肪利用率均有提高,乳化剂对牛油饲粮的改善程度优于菜籽油饲粮,且乳化剂产品之间也有差异。 相似文献
3.
木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡养分利用和消化器官发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本试验研究了小麦型饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡养分利用及消化器官发育的影响.将240只1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复12只鸡,分别饲喂在含40%小麦的饲粮中添加不同水平木聚糖酶(0、500、1 000和5 000 U/kg)的试验饲粮.试验期21 d.结果表明,木聚糖酶对17～21日龄肉仔鸡粗蛋白质、钙及总磷利用率及粪便含水率无显著影响(P>0.05);趋于提高17～21日龄肉仔鸡干物质利用率(P=0.093)及表观代谢能值(P=0.110);各组肉仔鸡养分表观利用率无显著差异(P>0.05).添加木聚糖酶未显著影响21日龄肉仔鸡小肠、胃、胰腺和脾脏相对重量(P>0.05).1 000 U/kg酶组显著降低了21日龄肉仔鸡回肠相对长度(P<0.05).木聚糖酶对21日龄肉仔鸡胫骨干重、长度、灰分及磷含量无显著影响(P>0.05).本研究表明:含40%小麦的肉仔鸡饲粮中添加不同水平的木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡养分利用及大部分肠道器官发育均未产生显著作用;超量添加对肉仔鸡养分利用无进一步改善作用,也未产生负面影响. 相似文献
4.
为测定肉仔鸡对浒苔中能量及氨基酸的利用率,本试验选用体重基本一致、强饲后无怪癖、无异嗜、无明显应激反应的21日龄AA商品肉鸡48只,随机分为甲乙两组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只鸡(公母各半)。甲组饲喂基础日粮,乙组饲喂由94%基础日粮与6%浒苔组成的试验日粮。采用强饲、全部收粪法测定了浒苔中能量及氨基酸的表观利用率。结果表明:肉仔鸡浒苔表观代谢能为9.65 MJ/kg干物质,干物质、粗蛋白质和总氨基酸表观利用率分别为62.86%、63.63%和73.27%,必需氨基酸平均利用率为75.98%。由此可见,肉仔鸡日粮中添加浒苔可显著提高日粮干物质、能量、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸及必需氨基酸的表观利用率。 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究日粮类型和β-甘露聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分利用的影响。试验采用两因子随机试验设计。A因子为日粮类型(玉米-豆粕型、玉米-30%小麦-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型),B因子为β-甘露聚糖酶添加水平(0 g/t和500 g/t)。选用576羽健康的1日龄科宝肉鸡随机分为6个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复12羽鸡(公母各半)。结果表明:日粮类型和β-甘露聚糖酶间交互作用对肉仔鸡生长前期干物质利用率有显著影响(P0.05)。饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮的肉仔鸡试验前期和后期平均体增重均显著高于饲喂小麦-豆粕型日粮的肉仔鸡,且料肉比显著降低(P0.05)。添加β-甘露聚糖酶显著提高了肉仔鸡体增重,而显著降低了料肉比(P0.05)。试验前期,随着小麦添加水平的提高,肉仔鸡干物质利用率、氮利用率和表观代谢能(Apparent Metabolic Energy,AME)均显著递减(P0.05);试验后期,玉米-豆粕日粮组肉鸡干物质利用率、氮利用率和AME都显著高于其他两组(P0.05)。结果显示,日粮添加高比例小麦对肉仔鸡生产性能有负面影响,而添加β-甘露聚糖酶能够改善这种负面效应。 相似文献
6.
选用672羽1日龄科宝肉仔鸡,随机分为7组,分别饲喂正对照组(PC)、负对照组1(NC1)、负对照组2(NC2)和在负对照组基础上分别添加酶A和酶B组成的试验组日粮,旨在研究添加复合非淀粉多糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分消化利用的影响。结果表明:试验前期,PC组增重显著高于NC2组(P0.05),而料重比显著低于NC2组(P0.05);NC1和NC2组氮利用率均显著低于其他各组(P0.05),且NC1组表观代谢能显著低于PC组(P0.05)。试验后期,与PC组相比,NC2组增重降低6.1%(P0.05),而料重比提高5.6%(P0.05)。NC2+酶A组的中性洗涤纤维利用率显著高于NC2组(P0.05),NC2组的表观代谢能显著低于PC组和NC2+酶B组(P0.05);NC2组42日龄末回肠消化率显著低于PC组(P0.05)。添加酶A和酶B均可改善肉仔鸡生产性能,但未达到显著水平(P0.05)。结果显示,本试验条件下,在低能低蛋白玉米-豆粕-杂粕型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶,提高了肉仔鸡的生产性能和养分利用率,且酶A的效果较好。 相似文献
7.
复合酶制剂对肉鸡利用豆饼养分的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用强饲法测定豆饼中添加一种复合酶制剂前后的表观代谢能、真代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、氮校正真代谢能、干物质表观消化率和干物质真消化率,以评估复合酶制剂对鸡利用豆饼养分的影响。选取64只体质量(2.2±0.1)kg的青年粤黄公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每组4个重复,每重复4只鸡;在48h的饥饿排空期后,其中3组分别强饲无氮料、豆饼和添加酶的豆饼料(酶添加剂量为180mg/kg),另1组继续饥饿;分别收集各重复组的排泄物,经烘干粉碎备用于成分分析。试验结果表明:豆饼在添加酶后的表观代谢能、真代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、氮校正真代谢能、干物质表观消化率和真消化率均分别较纯豆饼提高6.84%(P0.05)、6.07%(P0.05)、8.13%(P0.05)、7.79%(P0.05)、5.94%(P0.05)和4.22%(P0.05)。复合酶制剂能提高鸡对玉米养分的利用率。 相似文献
8.
《饲料工业》2021,(6)
试验旨在研究复合酶制剂对饲喂玉米-豆粕型低能量水平日粮肉仔鸡生长性能和养分组,对照组(8个重复)饲喂玉米-豆粕型低能量水平基础日粮;复合酶制剂组(10个重复)饲喂添加250 mg/kg复合酶制剂的试验日粮,每个重复25只鸡。试验期35 d。试验二为笼养试验,试验选取8日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡300只,分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮;低能组饲喂在对照组基础上降低0.63 MJ/kg能量水平的日粮;复合酶制剂组饲喂在低能日粮中添加220 mg/kg复合酶制剂的日粮。试验二为8～22日龄进行。试验于第14～17 d采用全收粪法测定各试验组日粮的养分利用率。试验一结果表明:复合酶制剂组较对照组改善试验前期(0～21 d)和全期(0～35 d)体增重和采食量、试验前期(0～21 d)的料重比和体重(21 d和35 d)(P0.05)。试验二结果表明:(1)对照组料重比、能量利用率和表观代谢能显著优于低能组(P0.05);(2)复合酶制剂组显著提高低能组表观代谢能并降低其变异(P0.05),能量利用率和表观代谢能与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,在玉米-豆粕型低能日粮中添加复合酶制剂能改善肉仔鸡生长性能、料重比和表观代谢能,并降低代谢能变异。 相似文献
9.
采用强饲法测定豆粕在添加一种复合酶制剂前后的表观代谢能、真代谢能、氮较正表观代谢能、氮较正真代谢能、氮真代谢率、干物质表观消化率和干物质真消化率,以评估此复合酶制剂对鸡利用豆粕养分的影响。64只体重（2200±100）g的青年粤黄公鸡,随机分成4个处理组（每组4个重复,每重复4只鸡）;在48 h的饥饿排空期后,其中3组分别强饲无氮料、豆粕和添加酶的豆粕料（酶添加剂量为180 mg/kg）（50 g/只）,另1组继续饥饿;分别收集各重复组的排泄物,经烘干粉碎备用于成分分析。试验结果表明：豆粕在添加酶后的表观代谢能、真代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、氮校正真代谢能、氮真代谢率、干物质表观消化率和真消化率分别较纯豆粕的提高了3.60%、3.17%、1.61%、1.63%、27.18%、7.97%和5.89%。复合酶制剂能显著地提高鸡对豆粕养分的利用率。 相似文献
10.
味精蛋白对鸡代谢能和养分代谢率影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验选用24只2kg左右的蛋公鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6只鸡,前3个处理分别给每只鸡强饲占体重3%的待测原料,第4个处理作为内源对照组,测定内源排泄量,以评定味精蛋白对鸡代谢能和养分代谢率的影响。结果表明:味精蛋白的总能比豆粕高3.87%,而比玉米蛋白粉低15.56%;粗蛋白含量达到71.45%,分别比豆粕和玉米蛋白粉高64.03%和22.32%。味精蛋白的表观代谢能、真代谢能、粗蛋白表观消化率和真消化率、总氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率均极显著低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.01)。而干物质表观消化率和真消化率三者间无显著差异(P>0.05)。在已测定的17种氨基酸中,除甘氨酸外,味精蛋白粉其他氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率均极显著低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.01)。这表明味精蛋白的养分利用率低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
Flaking corn: processing mechanics,quality standards,and impacts on energy availability and performance of feedlot cattle 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Based on performance of feedlot cattle, steam flaking increases the value of corn by 18%, considerably more than is suggested by tabular values. Tabular values underestimate the energy availability of flaked corn by failing to account for digestibility of the nonstarch OM that is increased by flaking by the same magnitude (10%) as starch. Correcting for improvement in digestibility of nonstarch OM increases the NEg value of steam-flaked corn to 1.70 Mcal/kg, a value very close to values calculated from cattle performance trials. Digestibility of starch from corn grain is limited by the protein matrix that encapsulates starch granules, and by the compact nature of the starch itself. Disruption of the protein matrix (by shear forces on hot grain during flaking) is the first limiting step toward optimizing starch digestion. Five critical production factors influence the quality of steam-flaked corn: steam chest temperature, steaming time, roll corrugation, roll gap, and roll tension. For optimal shear, it is important that rolls be hot and that kernels be hot when flaked. Steam chests should be designed to allow a steaming time of at least 30 min at maximum roller mill capacity producing a flake of 0.31 kg/L (24 lb/bushel). As little as 5% moisture uptake during steaming appears adequate. The rate of flaking and distribution of kernels across the rolls also are critical. Quality standards for steam-flaked corn include measurements of flake thickness, flake density, starch solubility, and enzyme reactivity. Flake density, the most common quality standard, closely associated with starch solubility (r2 = 0.87) and enzyme reactivity (r2 = 0.79), still explains only 63% of the variability in percentage fecal starch and 52% of the variability in starch digestibility. Direct determination of fecal starch can explain 91% of the variability in starch digestion. The NEg value of corn can be predicted from fecal starch: NEg= 1.78 - 0.0184FS. Starch digestion is a Kappa Curve function of hot flake density, reaching a maximum at a flake density of approximately 0.31 kg/L. Flaking to a density of less than 0.31 kg/L, though increasing starch solubility, may reduce DMI, increase variability of weight gain among animals within a pen, and predispose cattle to acidosis and bloat without increasing starch digestion. We recommend that the steam-flaking process be optimized on the basis of fecal starch analysis. 相似文献
15.
为了降低玉米压片加工的成本,采用对辊式压片机对北方新收获的玉米进行了热风加热压片的试验研究.以影响玉米热风加热压片的热风加热温度、热风加热时间、压辊间距及压辊转速4个因素进行正交旋转组合设计,以玉米片糊化度为评价指标进行了试验.结果表明:高水分玉米经热风直接加热压片对提高玉米的糊化度有利,研究的较佳工艺技术参数组合为:热风温度为121～126℃、热风加热时间为64～67 min、压辊的间距为0.5-0.7 mm、压辊的转速为160～171r/min. 相似文献
16.
玉米是奶牛舍饲的主要能量饲料来源之一,而蒸汽压片技术是一项目前较为成熟的日粮加工技术,主要通过机械的湿热加工方法改变原料物理形态和营养物质的化学结构,广泛应用于反刍动物日粮中。蒸汽压片处理工艺中的蒸汽压力、温度和处理时间会影响压片产品的容重和淀粉糊化度,进而影响其饲喂效果。研究发现,经蒸汽压片处理的玉米可有效提高其淀粉消化率,加快瘤胃内的发酵速度,改变瘤胃发酵模式,促进瘤胃微生物蛋白合成,有利于维持瘤胃pH及瘤胃内环境的稳定。也有研究表明,蒸汽压片玉米饲喂奶牛后,对其采食量没有明显影响,但可以提高产奶量,改善乳成分,从而提高奶牛的产奶性能。作者对蒸汽压片玉米技术及其在奶牛生产中的应用研究进展进行综述,以期为蒸汽压片玉米在中国奶牛生产中的合理使用提供参考。 相似文献
17.
试验旨在研究开食料中添加糖蜜对犊牛生长性能及腹泻率的影响。选用24头3日龄健康荷斯坦奶牛犊牛作为试验动物,按体重相近原则随机分为4组,每组6头,对照组和试验1、2、3组分别饲喂不同方式处理的犊牛颗粒料。结果表明,在30日龄时,试验2组犊牛体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);60日龄时,试验2、3组犊牛体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组犊牛体高和胸围显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在整个试验期,试验2、3组犊牛采食量显著高于试验1组和对照组(P<0.05);在腹泻率方面,对照组最低,试验1组最高。因此,从对生长性能及体尺指标来看,颗粒料、玉米压片和小麦压片按7:2:1比例且再加5%糖蜜进行喷涂处理的犊牛开食料要优于其他各组,且饲料利用率最高。 相似文献
18.
Three experiments were conducted to identify factors influencing steam-flaked corn (SFC) characteristics and feeding value. In Exp. 1, corn samples (n = 108) were tempered for 2 h using 6, 10, or 14% moisture containing 0 or 0.67 mL of surfactant/L. Samples were steamed for 20 or 40 min and flaked to 360, 335, or 310 g/L. Treatments were arranged in a 3 x 2 x 2 x 3 factorial. No interactions existed in Exp. 1. Increasing tempering moisture linearly (P < 0.001) increased corn moisture after tempering, steaming, and flaking; however, SFC moisture was not increased (quadratic; P < 0.001) greatly by applying more than 10% water during tempering. The surfactant, steam time, and flake density had no effect (P = 0.16 to 0.93) on corn moisture after tempering, steaming, or flaking, but adding a surfactant during tempering decreased (P = 0.05) moisture loss after flaking. Starch availability was unaffected (P = 0.31 to 0.84) by tempering moisture concentration, tempering with a surfactant, or steam time but was increased (linear; P < 0.01) by decreasing flake density. Flake durability was increased by increasing tempering moisture (linear; P < 0.001), tempering with a surfactant (P = 0.04), increasing steam time (P < 0.001), and decreasing flake density (linear; P = 0.02). In Exp. 2, 89 heifers (initial BW = 350 kg) were fed 75% SFC-based diets for 108 d to determine the effects of SFC particle size on performance and carcass traits. Treatments were SFC that was mixed for 0 (4,667 microm) or 15 min (3,330 microm) before addition of other ingredients. Heifers fed 3,330-microm SFC tended (P = 0.13) to eat less DM, but ADG and G:F did not differ (P = 0.58 to 0.65) between treatments. Carcass traits did not differ, except that heifers fed 3,330-microm SFC had less (P = 0.008) KPH. In Exp. 3, 96 heifers (initial BW = 389 kg) were fed for 82 d diets containing 73% SFC that was either 18 or 36% moisture. Heifers fed 36% moisture SFC ate less DM (P = 0.02) and gained slower (P = 0.05) than heifers fed 18% moisture SFC, but G:F did not differ (P = 0.93) with SFC moisture. Heifers fed 36% moisture SFC were fatter at the 12th rib (P = 0.009), but all other carcass traits did not differ. Methods that increase moisture of SFC improved durability, but extreme moisture levels negatively affected cattle performance. Flake particle size did not affect cattle performance. Flake density is the major factor affecting starch availability in SFC. 相似文献
19.
R A Zinn 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(3):776-781
Four crossbred steers (395 kg) with cannulas in the rumen, proximal duodenum and distal ileum were used to evaluate effects of steaming time of corn on characteristics of digestion. The basal diet contained (DM basis) 12% forage-and 75% corn. The corn portion of the diet was provided as either dry-rolled (DR) or steam-flaked (SF), which had been exposed to steam for 34, 47 or 67 min prior to flaking to a mean density of .34 kg/liter. Longer steaming times linearly increased in vitro reactivity of corn starch to amyloglucosidase. Steaming time had a quadratic effect (P less than .05) on ruminal starch digestion. Ruminal starch digestibility of corn steamed for 47 min was 7% less than for corn steamed for 34 or 67 min. Longer steaming time linearly increased (P less than .05) flow of non-ammonia N to the small intestine with the principal increase (5.4%) between 34 and 47 min steaming time. Steaming time did not influence (P greater than .10) small intestinal or total tract digestibility of OM, starch or N. Compared with DR, SF increased (P less than .01) ruminal, small intestinal and total tract digestibility of starch 21.9, 75.1 and 9.2%, respectively. Although SF resulted in marked improvements in digestibility over DR, steaming times greater than 34 min were not beneficial. 相似文献
20.
本试验利用禽用开放式呼吸测热装置进行能量代谢试验,通过间接测热法结合替代法测定不同类型玉米在产蛋期蛋鸡饲粮中的表观代谢能和净能。选用34周龄产蛋期海兰褐蛋鸡180只,随机分为6组,每组30只。试验选用1种玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和5种待测饲粮。待测饲粮由5种待测玉米(3种2018年10月收获的正常玉米和2种2016年收获储存3年的陈化玉米),分别以50%比例替代基础饲粮构成。试验鸡在舍内笼养,预试期7 d,正试期27 d,其中正试期分为3期,每期9 d(适应3 d、呼吸测热3 d、绝食测热3 d)。每期试验中,从每组中选择4只试验鸡,称重后分别放入呼吸测热装置的12个代谢室(每个代谢室2只),每2个代谢室对应1种饲粮,测定气体交换和排泄物总量,呼吸测热的同时进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:与基础饲粮相比,5种玉米待测饲粮的表观代谢能显著提高(P<0.05),3种正常玉米待测饲粮的净能显著高于基础饲粮和2种陈化玉米待测饲粮(P<0.05);2种陈化玉米的表观代谢能和净能显著低于3种正常玉米(P<0.05)。本试验中,3种正常玉米的表观代谢能分别为16.19、15.85、16.17 MJ/kg,2种陈化玉米的表观代谢能分别为15.12和15.06 MJ/kg;3种正常玉米的净能分别为12.39、12.57、12.25 MJ/kg,2种陈化玉米的净能分别为11.29和12.05 MJ/kg。 相似文献