共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 204 毫秒
1.
microRNA（miRNA）是一类长 19~24 个碱基的小分子内源性非编码单链 RNA,通过介导靶基因的裂解或抑 制靶基因的翻译,在植物的发育、新陈代谢、应激响应等方面起着重要的调控作用,在进化上具有高度的保守性。据 此本研究以 miRBase 注册的全部成熟植物 miRNA 序列为探针,基于 NCBI 数据库中茶树表达序列标签（EST）和基因 组勘测序列（GSS）进行同源搜索和 miRNA 二级结构分析,总共发现 7 条茶树的 miRNA,分属于 6 个不同的 miRNA 家族。通过靶基因的预测分析表明,这些 miRNA 可能调节 28 种靶标基因,功能涉及新陈代谢、生长发育、胁迫应答 及转录,为茶树 miRNA 的试验鉴定和功能研究提供更详细精确的范围,为进一步探究茶树 miRNA 的调控机理奠定 基础。 相似文献
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基于HiSeq高通量测序技术并结合生物信息学方法对X178、掖478两种材料授粉前后两个时期穗已知miRNA及靶基因进行分析。结果发现,X178授粉前后差异表达miRNA有100个,分别属于21个miRNA家族;掖478授粉前后共筛选出98个有差异的miRNA,分别属于22个miRNA家族。利用miRNA与靶基因mRNA负调控关系初步确定授粉前后miRNA可能调控的mRNA靶点,建立miRNA-靶mRNA一一对应关系。结果表明,X178中上调表达的13个miRNA对应11个下调表达靶基因,下调表达的33个miRNA对应41个上调表达靶基因;掖478中上调表达的5个miRNA对应7个下调表达靶基因,下调表达的28个miRNA对应33个上调表达靶基因,其中,6个miRNA家族共靶向11种mRNA。研究结果表明,在授粉前后玉米穗中已知miRNA在不同玉米自交系中种类具有差异。 相似文献
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利用Solexa测序技术鉴定苋菜试管开花过程中的miRNAs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用Solexa测序技术对苋菜试管开花过程中的miRNAs进行筛选和鉴定,使用GO数据库和KEGG代谢途径数据库对靶基因进行功能注释和分类。结果显示:共得到sRNA Unique序列5 457 486条,其中与拟南芥基因组完全匹配有27 596条,仅仅占0.51%;miRNA主要分布在18 nt~25 nt之间,其中长度为24 nt序列数量最多;苋菜试管开花过程中miRNA的表达丰度存在明显差异,主要低丰度表达;总共鉴定了235个已知的苋菜miRNA,构成20个家族,不同家族间成员数量存在巨大差异;苋菜保守miRNA的长度主要集中在21 nt和20 nt;另外总共获得14个候选的新miRNA,其中有8个miRNA含单个基因座,另6个miRNA具备多个基因座;11个候选的miRNA预测到了靶基因,总共对应着约46个基因符合靶标特征。这些靶标参与植物生物体的各个发育进程,在苋菜试管开花过程中对生物过程、细胞组分及分子功能起到重要作用。 相似文献
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microRNA164是一个高度保守的miRNA家族,广泛参与植物的细胞和生理过程。本论文旨在采用生物信息学方法,了解大豆miR164基因家族在大豆生长发育及逆境胁迫应答过程中扮演的重要角色,为其在大豆的分子育种和品种改良方面的研究提供理论基础。利用miRNA、Plant MicroRNA Database、PLACE和NCBI数据库以及Clustal X2. 0、MEGA 5. 0和DNAMAN软件对gma-miR164基因家族的序列情况、染色体定位、靶基因调控功能、启动子元件、二级结构和系统发育树进行生物信息学分析。在miRBase中搜索到11条gma-miR164基因同源序列,分别分布在7条染色体上,其中以位于Chr3上的序列最多,共有3条,位于Chr10和Chr19上各有2条,而在Chr02、Chr09、Chr18和Chr20上各有1条。11个gma-miR164基因家族成员共预测到6个靶基因,均为NAC转录因子。gma-miR164基因家族成熟序列的碱基保守性很高,其前体序列均可形成稳定的二级茎环结构。启动子中顺式调控元件分析表明,ABRE、DRE、MYB和MYC这4个元件在gma-miR164基因家族启动子序列中分布不均,其中以MYB和MYC元件数目居多。本研究为探寻miR164基因家族在逆境胁迫应答中的调控作用提供了数据基础和理论依据。 相似文献
5.
本研究利用生物信息学方法预测花生中的miRNA及其靶基因。将miRBase注册的已知植物miRNA与花生EST和GSS数据库进行比对搜索,筛选得到13条miRNA,进一步预测得到20个靶基因。分析结果显示大多数靶基因属于转录因子,调控植物的生长发育等多种生物过程。 相似文献
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本文以闽侯野生蕉（阿宽蕉,Musa itinerans）果皮为研究对象,对不同颜色（绿色和紫色）果皮进行转录组测序,旨在探讨miRNA在野生蕉不同颜色果皮转录后水平中发挥的作用及其可能参与的调控通路,为芭蕉属植物果皮颜色分子调控机制的研究奠定基础。取野生蕉同一果梳上不同颜色（紫色和绿色）的果皮为材料,利用高通量测序和生物信息学分析,获得野生蕉不同颜色果皮组织的miRNA表达谱,筛选不同颜色果皮差异表达的miRNA并预测相关靶基因,通过靶基因分析,获得与调控野生蕉果皮颜色可能相关的信号通路。结果从不同颜色野生蕉果皮中共获得34.11兆条原始读长,经过滤后得到28.73兆条clean reads,从中鉴定出132个已知的miRNA序列和122个新的miRNA;筛选出36个差异表达miRNA,其中10个在紫色果皮中上调表达,26个在绿色果皮中上调表达。表达量最高的miRNA为mit-miR167,而差异倍数最大的为mit-miR172a-3p-2。差异表达miRNA共预测出1164个靶基因可能参与野生蕉果皮颜色调控,并主要在DNA结合、离子跨膜运输活动等功能和植物病原互作等途径富集。其中,有7个基因直接与苯丙烷生物合成途径相关,主要受到miR156和miR482家族的调控。同时,选取6个差异表达miRNA进行定量验证,结果表明,3个miRNA在绿色果皮中上调表达,3个miRNA在紫色果皮中上调表达,定量结果与高通量测序的结果一致。本文通过高通量测序获得了野生蕉果皮miRNA表达谱,并通过生物信息学分析得到可能和调控野生蕉果皮颜色性状相关的miRNA和代谢通路。综上所述,野生蕉果皮颜色可能受到多种miRNA的调控,并涉及多个代谢通路,这有助于进一步了解果皮花青素转录后水平的调控过程,并对进一步的功能验证奠定基础。 相似文献
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MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类非编码RNA,与植物的生长发育及胁迫响应密切相关。为给小麦miRNA的转录调控以及新miRNA的预测提供参考依据,本研究通过小麦miRNA基因定位、启动子预测以及顺式作用元件鉴定等方法对小麦miRNA启动子进行了基因组分析,结果表明,小麦基因组中有105个pre-miRNA位于150个基因座上,大部分为单拷贝。148个miRNA基因座具有潜在启动子区域,其中115个miRNA基因至少能够预测到一个启动子。保守性及基因位置不同的miRNA的启动子转录起始位点（TSS）分布也稍有不同,但大多数位于上游序列近端区域。对miRNA基因TSS上游序列的顺式作用元件分析发现,miRNA启动子区域存在与胁迫响应相关的基序,且小麦中存在3个miRNA启动子特异性基序。61.4%的小麦miRNA启动子区域有CpG岛分布。 相似文献
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以巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)EG5无性系为试验材料,通过RT-PCR技术从中克隆得到了1个巨桉WOX家族基因成员的CDS序列,命名为Egr WOX5(Gen Bank登录号为KF964019)。该基因全长为543 bp,编码181个氨基酸,具有WOX基因家族最保守的特征结构域-Homeobox domain(HD)结构域;其氨基酸序列与草本植物的拟南芥At WOX5基因和木本植物杨树Ptr WOX5基因的氨基酸序列有较高的相似性。组织表达分析结果显示,Egr WOX5基因特异性地在巨桉EG5的根组织中表达。这些结果间接或直接地说明Egr WOX5在巨桉根组织的发育过程中发挥重要作用。本研究还利用Gateway技术成功构建了Egr WOX5基因的超表达载体,为后续基因功能的进一步鉴定奠定基础。 相似文献
10.
为了解植物miR172家族成员的进化与分子特性,对mi Rbase数据库中37个物种的161个miR172前体序列和196个miR172成熟体序列进行进化规律分析,并对植物miR172家族的保守基序、二级结构和靶基因进行预测分析。结果表明:miR172家族成员分布的37个物种都是被子植物,被子植物很可能是miR172家族进化来源的祖先。进化分析表明,植物miR172家族成员序列相似性是其聚类的首要影响因素,其次才是物种差异的影响。植物miR172家族成员成熟体序列分析表明,5p臂上形成的成熟体序列特异性较大,3p臂上形成的成熟体序列保守性较高。二级结构分析发现,植物miR172家族成员具有典型的茎环二级结构,且茎序列的保守性较环序列高。植物miR172前体序列包含1个UNCG环。靶基因预测分析发现,同一物种不同miR172成员的靶基因可能不同;不同物种miR172的靶基因也可能不同,AP2或AP2-like出现频率最高,其次还有arginine decarboxylase 1、Pathogenesis-related、MYB84等靶基因,表明其靶基因功能的多样性。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献