共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
Aparicio S Chapman J Stupka E Putnam N Chia JM Dehal P Christoffels A Rash S Hoon S Smit A Gelpke MD Roach J Oh T Ho IY Wong M Detter C Verhoef F Predki P Tay A Lucas S Richardson P Smith SF Clark MS Edwards YJ Doggett N Zharkikh A Tavtigian SV Pruss D Barnstead M Evans C Baden H Powell J Glusman G Rowen L Hood L Tan YH Elgar G Hawkins T Venkatesh B Rokhsar D Brenner S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5585):1301-1310
The compact genome of Fugu rubripes has been sequenced to over 95% coverage, and more than 80% of the assembly is in multigene-sized scaffolds. In this 365-megabase vertebrate genome, repetitive DNA accounts for less than one-sixth of the sequence, and gene loci occupy about one-third of the genome. As with the human genome, gene loci are not evenly distributed, but are clustered into sparse and dense regions. Some "giant" genes were observed that had average coding sequence sizes but were spread over genomic lengths significantly larger than those of their human orthologs. Although three-quarters of predicted human proteins have a strong match to Fugu, approximately a quarter of the human proteins had highly diverged from or had no pufferfish homologs, highlighting the extent of protein evolution in the 450 million years since teleosts and mammals diverged. Conserved linkages between Fugu and human genes indicate the preservation of chromosomal segments from the common vertebrate ancestor, but with considerable scrambling of gene order. 相似文献
2.
Venkatesh B Kirkness EF Loh YH Halpern AL Lee AP Johnson J Dandona N Viswanathan LD Tay A Venter JC Strausberg RL Brenner S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5807):1892
Cartilaginous fishes represent the living group of jawed vertebrates that diverged from the common ancestor of human and teleost fish lineages about 530 million years ago. We generated approximately 1.4x genome sequence coverage for a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), and compared this genome with the human genome to identify conserved noncoding elements (CNEs). The elephant shark sequence revealed twice as many CNEs as were identified by whole-genome comparisons between teleost fishes and human. The ancient vertebrate-specific CNEs in the elephant shark and human genomes are likely to play key regulatory roles in vertebrate gene expression. 相似文献
3.
Katzman S Kern AD Bejerano G Fewell G Fulton L Wilson RK Salama SR Haussler D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5840):915
Ultraconserved elements in the human genome are defined as stretches of at least 200 base pairs of DNA that match identically with corresponding regions in the mouse and rat genomes. Most ultraconserved elements are noncoding and have been evolutionarily conserved since mammal and bird ancestors diverged over 300 million years ago. The reason for this extreme conservation remains a mystery. It has been speculated that they are mutational cold spots or regions where every site is under weak but still detectable negative selection. However, analysis of the derived allele frequency spectrum shows that these regions are in fact under negative selection that is much stronger than that in protein coding genes. 相似文献
4.
Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing Analysis Consortium Gibbs RA Rogers J Katze MG Bumgarner R Weinstock GM Mardis ER Remington KA Strausberg RL Venter JC Wilson RK Batzer MA Bustamante CD Eichler EE Hahn MW Hardison RC Makova KD Miller W Milosavljevic A Palermo RE Siepel A Sikela JM Attaway T Bell S Bernard KE Buhay CJ Chandrabose MN Dao M Davis C Delehaunty KD Ding Y Dinh HH Dugan-Rocha S Fulton LA Gabisi RA Garner TT Godfrey J Hawes AC Hernandez J Hines S Holder M Hume J Jhangiani SN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5822):222-234
5.
Banks JA Nishiyama T Hasebe M Bowman JL Gribskov M dePamphilis C Albert VA Aono N Aoyama T Ambrose BA Ashton NW Axtell MJ Barker E Barker MS Bennetzen JL Bonawitz ND Chapple C Cheng C Correa LG Dacre M DeBarry J Dreyer I Elias M Engstrom EM Estelle M Feng L Finet C Floyd SK Frommer WB Fujita T Gramzow L Gutensohn M Harholt J Hattori M Heyl A Hirai T Hiwatashi Y Ishikawa M Iwata M Karol KG Koehler B Kolukisaoglu U Kubo M Kurata T Lalonde S Li K Li Y Litt A Lyons E Manning G Maruyama T Michael TP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6032):960-963
6.
为探索水平基因转移在绿球蓝细菌基因组多样性中的作用,5个高光适应性绿球蓝细菌基因组被比较.先用BLASTP两两最佳匹配搜索和基因位置保守性的方法预测直系同源基因,并进一步计算每个基因组中所有基因在其他4种绿球蓝细菌基因组中直系同源基因的数量,从而达到识别外源基因的目的;而基因组岛是指由1个或几个连续外源基因组成的区域.结果表明:在5个绿球蓝细菌基因组中共识别出了16至52个不等的基因组岛,它们中的许多基因在病毒基因组或富含病毒的环境样本中都有同源基因.以上这些结果显示,在绿球蓝细菌中,病毒可能介导了基因的水平转移,从而导致了基因组的多样性. 相似文献
7.
Dehal P Satou Y Campbell RK Chapman J Degnan B De Tomaso A Davidson B Di Gregorio A Gelpke M Goodstein DM Harafuji N Hastings KE Ho I Hotta K Huang W Kawashima T Lemaire P Martinez D Meinertzhagen IA Necula S Nonaka M Putnam N Rash S Saiga H Satake M Terry A Yamada L Wang HG Awazu S Azumi K Boore J Branno M Chin-Bow S DeSantis R Doyle S Francino P Keys DN Haga S Hayashi H Hino K Imai KS Inaba K Kano S Kobayashi K Kobayashi M Lee BI Makabe KW Manohar C Matassi G Medina M Mochizuki Y Mount S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5601):2157-2167
The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi. 相似文献
8.
We report a genome-wide search of Y-linked genes in Drosophila pseudoobscura. All six identifiable orthologs of the D. melanogaster Y-linked genes have autosomal inheritance in D. pseudoobscura. Four orthologs were investigated in detail and proved to be Y-linked in D. guanche and D. bifasciata, which shows that less than 18 million years ago the ancestral Drosophila Y chromosome was translocated to an autosome in the D. pseudoobscura lineage. We found 15 genes and pseudogenes in the current Y of D. pseudoobscura, and none are shared with the D. melanogaster Y. Hence, the Y chromosome in the D. pseudoobscura lineage appears to have arisen de novo and is not homologous to the D. melanogaster Y. 相似文献
9.
Phillips JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(3791):920-923
Ten magnetic profiles across the mid-Atlantic ridge near 27 degrees N show trends that are parallel to the ridge axis and symmetrical about the ridge axis. The configuration of magnetic bodies that could account for the pattern supports the Vine and Matthews hypothesis for the origin of magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges. A polarity-reversal time scale inferred from models for sea-floor spreading in the Pacific-Antarctic ridge and radiometrically dated reversals of the geomagnetic field indicates a spreading rate of 1.25 centimeters per year during the last 6 million years and a rate of 1.65 centimeters per year between 6 and 10 million years ago. A similar analysis of more limited data over the mid-Atlantic ridge near 22 degrees N also indicates a change in the spreading rate. Here a rate of 1.4 centimeters per year appears to have been in effect during the last 5 million years; between 5 and 9 million years ago, an increased rate of 1.7 centimeters per year is indicated. The time of occurrence and relative magnitude of these changes in the spreading rate, about 5 to 6 million years ago and 18 to 27 percent, respectively, accords with the spreading rate change implied for the Juan de Fuca ridge in the northeast Pacific. 相似文献
10.
11.
The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gene duplication has generally been viewed as a necessary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties, but it is unclear how often gene duplicates arise and how frequently they evolve new functions. Observations from the genomic databases for several eukaryotic species suggest that duplicate genes arise at a very high rate, on average 0.01 per gene per million years. Most duplicated genes experience a brief period of relaxed selection early in their history, with a moderate fraction of them evolving in an effectively neutral manner during this period. However, the vast majority of gene duplicates are silenced within a few million years, with the few survivors subsequently experiencing strong purifying selection. Although duplicate genes may only rarely evolve new functions, the stochastic silencing of such genes may play a significant role in the passive origin of new species. 相似文献
12.
Keigwin L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,217(4557):350-353
Comparisons of carbon isotopic data on benthic foraminifera from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites 502 (western Caribbean) and 503 (eastern Pacific) indicate that the difference between the Atlantic and the Pacific in the per mil enrichment in carbon-13 of total dissolved carbon dioxide increased about 6 million years ago and again 3 million years ago, when the difference reached the modern level (1 per mil). Comparisons of planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopic data for the Caribbean and the Pacific suggest that the salinity of Caribbean surface waters began increasing 4 million years ago, possibly in response to shoaling of the Panama isthmus. These results suggest that modern circulation patterns in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific developed by 3 million years ago in concert with changing tectonic, climatic, and biogeographic patterns. 相似文献
13.
The repetitive DNA that constitutes most of the heterochromatic regions of metazoan genomes has hindered the comprehensive analysis of gene content and other functions. We have generated a detailed computational and manual annotation of 24 megabases of heterochromatic sequence in the Release 5 Drosophila melanogaster genome sequence. The heterochromatin contains a minimum of 230 to 254 protein-coding genes, which are conserved in other Drosophilids and more diverged species, as well as 32 pseudogenes and 13 noncoding RNAs. Improved methods revealed that more than 77% of this heterochromatin sequence, including introns and intergenic regions, is composed of fragmented and nested transposable elements and other repeated DNAs. Drosophila heterochromatin contains "islands" of highly conserved genes embedded in these "oceans" of complex repeats, which may require special expression and splicing mechanisms. 相似文献
14.
Gene acquisition is an ongoing process in many bacterial genomes, contributing to adaptation and ecological diversification. Lateral gene transfer is considered the primary explanation for discordance among gene phylogenies and as an obstacle to reconstructing the tree of life. We measured the extent of phylogenetic conflict and alien-gene acquisition within quartets of sequenced genomes. Although comparisons of complete gene inventories indicate appreciable gain and loss of genes, orthologs available for phylogenetic reconstruction are consistent with a single tree. 相似文献
15.
The Siberian Traps represent one of the most voluminous flood basalt provinces on Earth. Laser-heating (40)Ar/(39)Ar data indicate that the bulk of these basalts was erupted over an extremely short time interval (900,000 +/- 800,000 years) beginning at about 248 million years ago at mean eruption rates of greater than 1.3 cubic kilometers per year. Such rates are consistent with a mantle plume origin. Magmatism was not associated with significant lithospheric rifting; thus, mantle decompression resulting from rifting was probably not the primary cause of widespread melting. Inception of Siberian Traps volcanism coincided (within uncertainty) with a profound faunal mass extinction at the Permo-Triassic boundary 249 +/- 4 million years ago; these data thus leave open the question of a genetic relation between the two events. 相似文献
16.
《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,239(4839):451
The final paragraph of Richard A. Kerr's article "Drilling into surprises beneath an Inyo Crater" (Research News, 22 Jan., p. 350) should have read: "A bit disconcertingly, the magma influx to the chamber seems to be continuing at a reduced rate of about 5 million cubic meters per year. At that rate, only a few decades would be needed to accumulate the volume of magma produced by one of the eruptions 600 years ago." 相似文献
17.
Raymond J Zhaxybayeva O Gogarten JP Gerdes SY Blankenship RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5598):1616-1620
The process of photosynthesis has had profound global-scale effects on Earth; however, its origin and evolution remain enigmatic. Here we report a whole-genome comparison of representatives from all five groups of photosynthetic prokaryotes and show that horizontal gene transfer has been pivotal in their evolution. Excluding a small number of orthologs that show congruent phylogenies, the genomes of these organisms represent mosaics of genes with very different evolutionary histories. We have also analyzed a subset of "photosynthesis-specific" genes that were elucidated through a differential genome comparison. Our results explain incoherencies in previous data-limited phylogenetic analyses of phototrophic bacteria and indicate that the core components of photosynthesis have been subject to lateral transfer. 相似文献
18.
Recent paleomagnetic-radiometric data from six rhyolite domes in the Valles Caldera, New Mexico, indicate that the last change in polarity of the earth's magnetic field from reversed to normal (the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary) occurred at about 0.7 million years ago. A previously undiscovered geomagnetic polarity event, herein named the "Jaramillo normal event," occurred about 0.9 million years ago. 相似文献
19.
Kirkness EF Bafna V Halpern AL Levy S Remington K Rusch DB Delcher AL Pop M Wang W Fraser CM Venter JC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5641):1898-1903
A survey of the dog genome sequence (6.22 million sequence reads; 1.5x coverage) demonstrates the power of sample sequencing for comparative analysis of mammalian genomes and the generation of species-specific resources. More than 650 million base pairs (>25%) of dog sequence align uniquely to the human genome, including fragments of putative orthologs for 18,473 of 24,567 annotated human genes. Mutation rates, conserved synteny, repeat content, and phylogeny can be compared among human, mouse, and dog. A variety of polymorphic elements are identified that will be valuable for mapping the genetic basis of diseases and traits in the dog. 相似文献
20.
Large segmental duplications cover much of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Little is known about their origins. We show that they are primarily due to at least four different large-scale duplication events that occurred 100 to 200 million years ago, a formative period in the diversification of the angiosperms. A better understanding of the complex structural history of angiosperm genomes is necessary to make full use of Arabidopsis as a genetic model for other plant species. 相似文献