共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Deya Eldeen Mohammed Radwan Khalaf Ali Fayez Sabry Younis Mahmoud Ahmed Hamad Guoquan Lu 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2006,69(4-6):172-181
The effects of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) infection and pretreatments with salicylic acid (SA) on biomass accumulation of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani) were investigated. The response of photosynthesis, transpiration and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves was also considered. Significant reductions in growth parameters (i.e. leaf area, biomass and shoot height), photosynthesis and chlorophyll a and b content were detected in ZYMV-infected leaves in comparison to healthy controls. Antioxidant enzyme activities were increased up to 3-fold for peroxidase (POD), 2-fold for ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities and 1.3-fold for SOD activity by virus infection. ZYMV infection also caused increases in H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. These results suggest that ZYMV infection causes oxidative stress in pumpkin leaves leading to the development of epidemiological symptoms. Interestingly, spraying pumpkin leaves with SA led to recovery from the undesirable effects of ZYMV infection. Leaves treated with 100 μM SA three days before inoculation had the appearance of healthy leaves. No distinct disease symptoms were observed on the leaves treated with 100 μM SA followed by inoculation with ZYMV. In non-infected plants, SA application increased activities of POD and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inhibited APX and CAT activities.In contrast, SA treatment followed by ZYMV inoculation stimulated SOD activity and inhibited activities of POD, APX and CAT. In addition, MDA displayed an inverse relation, indicating inhibition of lipid peroxidation in cells under SA treatment. It is suggested that the role of SA in inducing plant defense mechanisms against ZYMV infection might have occurred through the SA-antioxidant system. Such interference might occur through inhibition or activation of some antioxidant enzymes, reduction of lipid peroxidation and induction of H2O2 accumulation following SA application. 相似文献
2.
Salicylic acid induced alleviation of oxidative stress caused by clethodim in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Deya Eldeen Mohammed Radwan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(2):182-188
Salicylic acid is used for regulation of oxidative stress in plants subjected to unfavorable environmental conditions. Application of herbicides for the purpose of weed killing can affect not only the weeds but also the main crop as well. Many herbicides have the ability to cause oxidative stress and further degradation of cell components. In this work, SA was used to alleviate the oxidative stress caused in response to clethodim herbicide in maize leaves. The results demonstrated that, spraying of clethodim caused yellowing of leaves and sometimes browning or drying of leaf tips with high clethodim doses. Contrary, leaves showed no injuries when treated with 1 mM SA 3 days prior clethodim application. Elevated amounts of H2O2 and MDA were detected in clethodim treated leaves compared with control indicating ROS formation and lipid peroxidation. Excessive ROS formation led to oxidative stress which followed by degradation of membranous structures. In SA treated leaves, the contents of H2O2 and MDA were more or less similar to the corresponding controls. A change in the antioxidant enzymes activities due to clethodim and SA treatment was noticed. For example, the activities of POD and APX were induced while SOD and CAT were more or less reduced in response to clethodim. SA treatment prior clethodim application could induce POD but inhibit CAT. Moreover, SOD and APX activities were adjusted to be similar to those of the control. Another mechanism of SA regulation of the oxidative stress occurred through the formation of antioxidants in the form of phenolic compounds. For that, spraying SA with or without clethodim could accumulate phenolic compounds greatly. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay for leaf extracts had confirmed a change in antioxidant status. Furthermore, SA could enhance accumulation of total proteins and free amino acids in clethodim and SA treated leaves compared with the control. This work was to provide evidence for the ability of SA to regulate clethodim herbicide detoxification through regulation of the antioxidant status of maize leaf cells. 相似文献
3.
Rana M. Sabir Tariq Khalid P. Akhtar Amjad Hameed Najeeb Ullah Muhammad Y. Saleem Imran ul Haq 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(4):911-922
Shoe-string disease caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the major threats to tomato production worldwide. The alteration in some biochemical parameters in leaves of the susceptible tomato genotype (Nagina) associated with CMV infection and the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) were studied in this paper. Results showed that exogenous treatment with SA and BTH not only led to plants which gave significantly more yield than diseased controls (DC), but also delayed symptom expression and reduced disease severity. Analysis of biochemical parameters indicated that exogenous application of elicitors and viral infection, significantly affected the activity of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Compared to the DC plants, minimum disease severity and maximum number of fruit were recorded after a single dose of SA + BTH. Maximum plant height was recorded after weekly application of SA and maximum fruit yield per plant was gained with single dose of SA. Moreover, the activity of POD was significantly elicited many-fold after weekly application of SA + BTH, while higher amount of SOD was recorded with single dose of SA. The activity of CAT was also significantly accelerated after weekly application of SA + BTH while increased level of APX was noticed with single dose of BTH. In conclusion, the combined application of SA and BTH played an important role in induction of defense mechanism against CMV infection and can be useful in tomato disease management programs. 相似文献
4.
Carmen García-Limones Ana Hervs Juan A. Navas-Corts Rafael M. Jimnez-Díaz Manuel Tena 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2002,61(6):325
To ascertain if active oxygen species play a role in fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, the degree of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde formation) and the activity levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), an apoplastic H2O2-forming oxidase, and several antioxidant enzymes, namely ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were determined spectrophotometrically in roots and stems of ‘WR315’ (resistant) and ‘JG62’ (susceptible) chickpea cultivars inoculated with the highly virulent race 5 of the pathogen. Moreover, APX, CAT, GPX and SOD were also analysed in roots and stems by gel electrophoresis and activity staining; and the protein levels of APX and SOD in roots were determined by Western blotting. In roots, infection by the pathogen increased lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities, although such responses occurred earlier in the incompatible compared with the compatible interactions. APX, GPX and GR activities were also increased in infected roots, but only in the compatible interaction. In stems, infection by the pathogen increased lipid peroxidation and APX, CAT, SOD and GPX activities only in the compatible interaction, and DAO activity only in the incompatible one. In general, electrophoregrams agreed with the activity levels determined spectrophotometrically and did not reveal any differences in isoenzyme patterns between cultivars or between infected and non-infected plants. Further, Western blots revealed an increase in the root protein levels of APX in the compatible interaction and in those of SOD in both compatible and incompatible interactions. In conclusion, whereas enhanced DAO activity in stems, and earlier increases in lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities in roots, can be associated with resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpea, the induction of the latter three parameters in roots and stems along with that of APX, GR (only in roots) and GPX (only in stems) activities are rather more associated with the establishment of the compatible interaction. 相似文献
5.
Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV) is a recently described potyvirus that causes systemic infections in sunflower plants leading to chlorotic mottling
and important growth reductions and yield losses. Oxidative damage is expressed after symptom development in this host-pathogen
combination. The involvement of antioxidant enzyme activities in disease susceptibility was studied in two sunflower lines
differing in the intensity and rate of development of SuCMoV infections: L2 is more susceptible than L33. A transient superoxide
production peak was detected in leaves of both lines before symptom development. H2O2 accumulation increased before symptom expression in infected plants of L33 but in L2 such increase was registered only after
symptoms became evident. In healthy plants of both lines, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase
(APX) showed similar activity levels. In inoculated plants of line L2, but not in L33, SOD and CAT activities increased significantly
before the appearance of symptoms, and APX increases were detected later. A 1 mM SA treatment effectively decreased SuCMoV
accumulation in plants of L2 but it did not affect it in L33. This treatment increased H2O2 accumulation and prevented the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities in infected plants of L2. It is suggested that increases
in antioxidant enzyme activities interrupted the signals generated by the increase in ROS, which may have otherwise triggered
defence reactions in the host and thus, resulted in a compatible interaction. 相似文献
6.
银胶菊的花对小麦的化感作用机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用温室盆栽法,研究了银胶菊的花水浸提液对小麦生长及其生理生化机制的影响,以明确其对小麦的化感作用。结果显示,花水浸提液抑制小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长,且抑制强度随浸提液浓度的升高而加强;随着花水浸提液浓度的增加,小麦叶片光合作用、光合色素含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,磷(P)和丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,氮(N)含量呈现先降低后趋于正常的变化趋势,硝酸还原酶(NR)活性呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势,谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性没有显著变化,而过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。表明银胶菊的花水浸提液抑制小麦叶片光合作用,提高了小麦叶片的MDA含量,并降低了小麦叶片SOD、POD和CAT的活性。 相似文献
7.
拮抗细菌诱导番茄植株抗灰霉病机理研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
拮抗细菌多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa) W3菌株悬浮液及其滤液可以诱导番茄叶片对灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)的系统抗性。W3及其滤液诱导处理后,植株叶内苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性明显增强。诱导后1 d,PAL活性最大,是对照的3.8~3.9倍,6 d后仍为对照的2.5倍;POD和PPO诱导后3 d活性最高,分别比对照增加34.7%~54.1%和78.5%~78.7%,6 d后仍比对照高;SOD活性诱导后2d达高峰,6 d后稍高于对照。活性氧(O2-)产生速率诱导后1 d最大,比对照增加85.6%~88.6%,以后急剧下降,6 d后接近对照。此外,W3诱导后1 d或2 d,处理叶和上一叶位叶片水杨酸含量明显上升,分别是对照的2.6倍和1.6倍,这表明该拮抗细菌诱导的系统抗性可能与水杨酸介导有关。 相似文献
8.
以抗旱玉米自交系郑58和干旱敏感自交系TS141为材料,研究了5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-ALA）对15% PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗生长的缓解效应及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,郑58及TS141在干旱胁迫下幼苗的苗长、鲜重、干重明显降低,郑58分别下降18.49%、29.06%和20.00%,TS141分别下降25.66%、23.97%和13.64%;叶片丙二醛（MDA）及过氧化氢（H2O2）含量明显增高,MDA含量分别提高了164.58%、263.53%,H2O2分别提高了134.95%、203.83%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化酶（APX）活性增加,郑58分别提高了65.61%、29.48%、68.49%、141.51%,TS141分别提高了63.01%、48.00%、85.68%、204.29%;叶绿素含量降低,分别降低33.46%、 42.26%;光合参数Pn、Gs、Tr下降,郑58的Pn、Gs、Tr分别下降48.78%、45.31%、52.39%,TS141的Pn、Gs、Tr分别下降57.66%、57.46%、65.14%;抗氧化酶基因SOD3、POD3、CAT1相对表达量提高,郑58分别提高54.58%、34.12%、69.70%,TS141分别提高54.95%、21.36%、59.34%。喷施25 mg·L-1的5-ALA能明显缓解干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗造成的损伤,与PEG处理相比,玉米自交系郑58和 TS141的幼苗苗长、鲜重、干重明显增加,苗长分别增加了13.31%和11.21%,幼苗鲜重分别增加了22.29%和18.23%,幼苗干重分别增加了16.67%和10.53%;叶片中MDA含量分别降低了17.85%、25.39%,H2O2含量分别降低了23.26%、19.15%;SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性进一步增加,郑58分别增加16.49%、18.15%、36.98%和28.13%（P＜0.05）,TS141分别增加16.65%、16.54%、28.49%和26.76%（P＜0.05）;叶绿素含量和光合参数Pn、Gs、Tr增加,叶绿素含量分别增加18.29%、19.87%;光合参数Pn分别增加35.87%、42.12%,Gs分别增加36.63%、36.81%,Tr分别增加37.67%、67.88%;玉米幼苗叶片中抗氧化酶基因SOD3、POD3、CAT1相对表达量较干旱胁迫处理都有进一步提高,郑58分别提高20.99%、32.18%和23.51%,TS141分别提高25.97%、23.16%和40.94%。 相似文献
9.
为探究根结线虫胁迫下丝状真菌Sr18代谢产物对黄瓜的作用机理,采用温室盆栽及人工接种试验,研究了不同浓度的Sr18代谢产物对南方根结线虫胁迫下黄瓜叶片保护酶的影响。结果表明,线虫侵染黄瓜根部以后,黄瓜叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性减弱,PPO和PAL浓度降低。施加不同浓度的Sr18代谢产物,能够使线虫胁迫下的黄瓜叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性增强,使PPO和PAL的含量增加,说明Sr18代谢产物能够提高黄瓜的保护酶活性与含量,增强黄瓜对南方根结线虫的抗性。 相似文献
10.
为明确烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)在大气CO2浓度和温度双因子胁迫下的生理响应,以CO2浓度和温度为作用因子,研究了4种不同组合处理下烟粉虱成虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ach E)活性的变化。结果表明:常温处理下,CO2浓度升高烟粉虱体内POD和GST活性分别增加87.6%和295%,SOD和CAT活性分别降低22.4%和28.2%;高温处理下,CO2浓度升高烟粉虱体内Ach E和GST活性分别增加103.6%和167.5%,CAT活性降低31.6%;常CO2浓度处理下,温度升高烟粉虱体内POD和SOD活性分别增加46.2%和18.2%,CAT活性降低35.8%;高CO2浓度处理下,温度升高烟粉虱体内Ach E和SOD活性分别增加75.3%和40.3%,CAT活性降低38.9%。表明CO2浓度和温度升高是导致烟粉虱体内SOD、POD、GST和Ach E活性升高的主要原因,并且SOD和POD活性变化受到CO2和温度的交互影响。烟粉虱可能通过改变体内保护酶或解毒酶的活性来适应CO2浓度和温度升高的环境。 相似文献
11.
以青花菜为试材,采用大田和室内分析相结合的试验方法,研究了0.15 mmol·L-1的水杨酸(SA)对不同灌水下限(相对含水量75%,60%和45%)青花菜根系生长及叶片抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着灌水下限的降低,青花菜主根长、根干鲜重及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升高后降低,根冠比、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性逐渐升高。(2)SA处理改善了青花菜根系生长特性,降低根冠比,提高结球期抗氧化酶活性,其中60%灌水下限经SA处理后,根系及酶活性指标均与75%灌水下限保持相当水平。由此可知:以相对含水量60%作为灌水下限并配合0.15 mmol·L-1SA处理可以为青花菜高效节水灌溉提供理论支撑。 相似文献
12.
PEG胁迫下不同品系藜麦抗旱性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用不同浓度PEG溶液模拟干旱胁迫，研究5种品系藜麦幼苗的形态、生理生化及光合特性，并对其进行耐旱性评价。结果表明：15%PEG处理下各品系藜麦株高增量、叶面积及生物量显著（P<0.05）低于对照，其中株高增量、叶面积、生物量下降幅度最小的品系分别是NK1、NK2和NK5，分别比对照下降了44.38%、25.39%和48.23%;随着干旱胁迫加剧, 各藜麦品系叶片内相对含水量显著（P<0.05）下降, 叶片的质膜透性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、脯氨酸（Pro）含量上升，15%PEG胁迫下NK2和NK3的Pro含量分别是对照的2.69和1.93倍, 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性均先升后降，SOD、CAT和APX活性在5%PEG处理下达到最大值, 而POD活性在10%PEG处理下达到最大; 随干旱胁迫增强，5种品系藜麦幼苗的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）降低，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）先降后升，叶绿素（Chl）先升后降，其中NK5品系Pn下降幅度最小，比对照下降了51.15%。运用隶属函数法对藜麦抗旱能力进行综合评定，不同藜麦品系耐旱性为NK5>NK1>NK2>NK4>NK3。 相似文献
13.
通过室内接种方法,测定了南方根结线虫2龄幼虫在不同接种时间(25、35d)和不同接种密度(0、500、700、1 000、1 200、1 500头/株)下对灯盏花生长和根系及叶片丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)及过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)的影响。研究结果表明,南方根结线虫接种密度为1 000头/株时,接种后25d与35d的根结指数达到最大,分别为87.2及65.6;接种密度500头/株,对根结指数影响较大。接种后25d,接种量对灯盏花病根与病叶的过氧化物酶活性影响不大;接种后35d,灯盏花病根的过氧化物酶活性(POD)随接种密度的增加先降低后升高,病叶中的POD活性除了接种密度为1 000头/株时低于健康叶部外,其他均高于健康组;接种密度对灯盏花的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响较大,在1 000头/株时,病根和病叶中的过氧化氢酶活性都明显高于对照。接种密度对于灯盏花叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量影响不大,当密度为1 000头/株接种35d对根部丙二醛的影响最大,其含量明显高于对照;接种密度对于灯盏花病叶和病根中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性影响较大,病叶中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)普遍高于健康组,而病根中的SOD活性普遍低于健康组。综合研究结果,当南方根结线虫接种密度为500头/株时,对灯盏花有一定危害,随着接种密度的增加,危害逐渐加重,当接种密度为1 000头/株时,根结指数最大,几种酶活性都显著高于健康植株,接种密度大于1 000头/株时,酶活性逐渐下降。接种初期,南方根结线虫对灯盏花叶部危害较大,随着种植时间的推移,对根部危害逐渐加重。 相似文献
14.
Anterpreet Kaur Satvir Kaur Grewal Ravinder Singh Rachana D. Bhardwaj 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(4):559-576
Helicoverpa armigera is the most serious insect pest in chickpea that causes significant yield losses due to its feeding on vegetative (leaves) and reproductive (developing pods and seeds) parts of plants. The present aim of study was to explore response dynamics of induced defence mechanism in leaves, podwall and seeds of ten chickpea genotypes (ICC 506, ICCV 10, ICC 10393, 5283, RSG 963, GL 25016, GL 26054, ICCL 86111, ICC 3137, L 550) after insect infestation. Two chickpea genotypes namely ICC 3137 and L 550 were found to be highly susceptible to Helicoverpa armigera infestation due to higher leaf and pod damage in them as compared to rest of eight genotypes which are found to be considerably resistant due to lower damage. Insect infestation induced decreased activities of defensive enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutatione reductase (GR) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), decreased free radical scavenging activities in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), decreased contents of signaling molecules such as nitric oxide ((NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reduced content of insect feeding behaviour regulating molecules such as total phenols, trypsin inhibitor and accumulation of membrane damage marker such as malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of ICC 3137 and L 550; decreased POD activity, nitric oxide content and H2O2 in podwall of L550; decreased SOD, GR, nitric oxide content and H2O2 in seeds of L550 resulted in aggravation of infestation induced oxidative stress and makes these genotypes more vulnerable to insect damage. The resistance of rest eight chickpea genotypes to insect infestation was due to the integrative effect of up regulated defensive components in leaves, podwall and seeds such as enhanced activities of CAT, POD, GR, PPO and PAL along with accumulation of H2O2` and total phenols in leaves, increased SOD, POD, GR and PPO activities along with increased contents of trypsin inhibitor and total phenols in podwall; increased SOD, GR, PPO activities and accumulated total phenols in seeds of resistant chickpea genotypes might be responsible for causing significant shift in oxidative status of these genotypes due to scavenging of free radicals, maintenance of membrane integrity and deterrent to insect feeding. Induced glycine betaine after herbivory was found to be positively correlated with superoxide dismutase and trypsin inhibitors. H2O2 content was positively correlated with trypsin inhibitor, DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenols in leaves and with FRAP, DPPH and total phenols in pod wall indicating that H2O2 might be stimulating the cascade that will be helping to scavenge free radical species and correlation with phenols and trypsin inhibitor indicated that it act as toxicant to insect feeding. 相似文献
15.
Pretreatment of tobacco leaves with low concentrations (5 to 10 mM) of H?O? suppressed hypersensitive-type necrosis associated with resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. The same pretreatment resulted in suppression of normosensitive necrosis associated with susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. This type of H?O?-mediated, induced disease symptom resistance correlated with enhanced host antioxidant capacity, i.e., elevated enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) after viral and bacterial infections. Induction of genes that encode the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, and APX was also enhanced early after TMV infection. Artificial application of SOD and CAT suppressed necroses caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal pathogens similarly as H?O? pretreatment, implying that H?O?-mediated symptom resistance operates through enhancement of plant antioxidant capacity. Pathogen multiplication was not significantly affected in H?O?-pretreated plants. Salicylic acid (SA), a central component of plant defense, does not seem to function in this type of H?O?-mediated symptom resistance, indicated by unchanged levels of free and bound SA and a lack of early up-regulation of an SA glucosyltransferase gene in TMV-infected H?O?-pretreated tobacco. Taken together, H?O?-mediated, induced resistance to necrotic symptoms in tobacco seems to depend on enhanced antioxidant capacity. 相似文献
16.
Jasmonic and salicylic acid-induced resistance in sorghum against the stem borer Chilo partellus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Induced resistance was studied in three sorghum genotypes (IS2205, ICSV1 and ICSV700) against Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) infestation and jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) application. The activity of plant defensive enzymes [peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)], and the amounts of total phenols, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proteins were recorded at 6 days after infestation. The induction of enzyme activities and the amounts of secondary metabolites varied among the genotypes and treatments. The genotype IS2205 showed a stronger effect than that of ICSV1 or ICSV 700. Treatment with JA followed by insect infestation induced greater levels of enzymes and secondary metabolites. The results suggest that JA induces greater levels of resistance components in sorghum plants against insect pests. Thus, pretreatment of plants with elicitors including JA and SA could provide a greater opportunity for plant defense against herbivores. 相似文献
17.
菜青虫感染金龟子绿僵菌后体内几种保护酶活性的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确菜青虫感染金龟子绿僵菌后体内的防御机制,采用分光光度法测定了菜青虫被金龟子绿僵菌感染后体内保护酶活性的变化。结果表明,用金龟子绿僵菌处理后菜青虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)均呈现先上升后下降趋势,反映出菜青虫在金龟子绿僵菌侵染初期防御能力增强,后期降低。其中,SOD、POD和CAT活力分别在接种后36、24和48h达到高峰,说明菜青虫在抵抗金龟子绿僵菌侵染过程中,首先发生作用的保护酶是POD,随后为SOD,而CAT是最后发生作用的保护酶。 相似文献
18.
D. Debona F. A. Rodrigues J. A. Rios K. J. T. Nascimento L. C. Silva 《Plant pathology》2014,63(3):581-589
This study investigated whether the increase in wheat resistance to blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, potentiated by silicon (Si) is linked to changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Wheat plants (cv. BR 18) were grown in hydroponic culture with either 0 (–Si) or 2 mm (+Si) Si and half of the plants in each group were inoculated with P. oryzae. Blast severity in the +Si plants was 70% lower compared to the ?Si plants at 96 h after inoculation (hai). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities were higher in the leaves of the ?Si plants compared with the +Si plants at 96 hai. This indicates that other mechanisms may have limited P. oryzae infection in the +Si plants restricting the generation of reactive oxygen species, obviating the need for increased antioxidative enzyme activity. In contrast, glutathione reductase (GR) activity at 96 hai was higher in the +Si plants than in the ?Si plants. Although the inoculated plants showed significantly higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) than the non‐inoculated plants, lower MDA concentrations were observed in the +Si plants compared with the ?Si plants. The lower MDA concentration associated with decreased activities of SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GST, suggest that the amount of reactive oxygen species was lower in the +Si plants. However, GR appears to play a pivotal role in limiting oxidative stress caused by P. oryzae infection in +Si plants. 相似文献
19.
Sahar Gholi-Tolouie Nemat Sokhandan-Bashir Mahdi Davari Mohammad Sedghi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(1):101-116
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important plant viruses responsible for sharp reductions in the production of many cultivated plants. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic capacity, proline and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) content were measured in the leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopercicum cv. Falat) plants treated with phytohormones (salicylic and jasmonic acids and their combination) and inoculated with CMV at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 15 days after the treatments. Based on the results, catalase (CAT) activity decreased in the healthy and infected plants, but peroxidase (POD) activity increased in the CMV-infected plants signifying that POD is more active in H2O2 scavenging in tomato. Because the hormone treatments inhibited the reduction in the enzyme activity, it may be considered as a controlling method against CMV. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower in the control until 6 days post inoculation (dpi), but increased after 8 dpi. The infected plants and the hormone-treated plants showed an increased SOD activity from 0 to 15 dpi. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity also increased in all the treatments over the time period (0-15 dpi). Net photosynthesis (NP) rate and chlorophyll content decreased under the virus infection and hormone treatment, whereas control plants had the highest NP and chlorophyll content. Proline accumulation occurred in the infected and hormone- treated plants, but TSC content decreased in comparison to the control. Reduction of TSC content was not significant in the hormone and virus- treated plants. Expression of CMV coat protein gene (CMV-CP) was decreased by approximately 34% in SA+JA+CMV treatment in comparison to the CMV-infected plants. In conclusion, CMV had harmful effect on physiological traits of tomato plants, but hormone application induced resistance. This resistance may be accomplished through the combination of both hormone-related signaling pathways which likely established a strong resistance network together. 相似文献
20.
Alexandra de Sousa Jorge Teixeira M. Teresa Regueiras Manuel Azenha Fernando Silva Fernanda Fidalgo 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013
The antioxidant responses of Solanum nigrum L. cell suspension cultures to metalaxyl exposure were investigated. An increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide content, for both concentrations tested (20 mg L−1; 40 mg L−1) revealed the response of oxidative metabolism of cell suspensions to metalaxyl. Superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activities increased, particularly in the highest concentration of metalaxyl used. An analysis by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) followed by staining for enzyme activity, revealed seven SOD isoenzymes, two CAT isoenzymes, and nine APX isoenzymes. Metalaxyl levels were quantified in the culture medium and results suggest that suspension cells were able to accumulate and/or degrade the fungicide five hours after exposure. SOD, CAT and APX isoenzymes were differently affected by the metalaxyl treatment. Results suggest that the higher concentration of metalaxyl induced oxidative stress to cell suspension cultures of S. nigrum. 相似文献