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1.
We studied the nutrient cycle of a planted forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed, Beijing. Results show that the total biomass of P. tabulaeformis stands at age 29 in the experimental area is 92627 kg/hm2, and the total nutrient store is 695.17 kg/hm2 including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), kalium (K), calium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The sequence of their contents in different
organs was given as follows: needle>branch> trunk>root. The annual amount of 85.37 kg/hm2 of five nutrient elements were assimilated by P. tabulaeformis, about 0.34% of the total store in soil, and 3.30% of available nutrient store in soil depth from 0 to 30 cm. The nutrient
annual retention is 35.92 kg/hm2, annual returning 49.46 kg/hm2, the rain input 26.04 kg/hm2 to the five nutrient elements. The parameter absorption coefficient, utilization coefficient, cycle coefficient and turnover
period were cited to describe the nutrient elements cycle characteristic of the planted forest ecosystem of P. tabulaeformis. The absorption coefficient is the ratio of plant nutrient element content to soil nutrient element content, and its sequence
of five nutrient elements was given as follows: N>P>K>Ca>Mg. Utilization coefficient is the ratio of the nutrient element
annual uptake amount to the nutrient element storage in standing crops, and its sequence of five nutrient elements was: Mg>K>
P>N>Ca. The big utilization coefficient means more nutrients stored in the plant. The cycle coefficient is the ratio of the
nutrient element annual return amount to the nutrient element annual uptake amount, its sequence: Ca>N>P>K>Mg. Turnover period
is the ratio of the nutrient storage in the crops to the annual returning, its sequence: Mg>K>P>N>Ca.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(3): 51–56 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
2.
Despite growing attention to the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in forest nutrient
cycling, their monthly concentration dynamics in forest ecosystems, especially in subtropical forests only were little known.
The goal of this study is to measure the concentrations and monthly dynamics of DOC and DON in precipitation, throughfall
and stemflow for two plantations ofSchima superba (SS) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) in Jianou, Fujian, China. Samples of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow were collected on a rain event base from
January 2002 to December 2002. Upon collection, all water samples were analyzed for DOC, NO3
−−N, NH4
+−N and total dissolved N (TDN). DON was calculated by subtracting NO3
−−N and NH4
+−N from TDN. The results showed that the precipitation had a mean DOC concentration of 1.7 mg·L−1 and DON concentration of 0.13 mg·L−1. The mean DOC and DON concentrations in throughfall were 11.2 and 0.24 mg·L−1 in the SS and 10.3 and 0.19 mg·L−1 in the CF respectively. Stemflow DOC and DON concentrations in the CF (19.1 and 0.66 mg·L−1 respectively) were significantly higher than those in the SS (17.6 and 0.48 mg·L−1 respectively). No clear monthly variation in precipitation DOC concentration was found in our study, while DON concentration
in precipitation tended to be higher in summer or autumn. The monthly variations of DON concentrations were very similar in
throughfall and stemflow at both forests, showing an increase at the beginning of the rainy season in March. In contrast,
monthly changes of the DOC concentrations in throughfall of the SS and CF were different to those in stemflow. Throughfall
DOC concentrations were higher from February to April, while relatively higher DOC concentrations in stemflow were found during
September–November period.
Foundation item: This study was supported by the Teaching and Research Award program for MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT).
Biography: Guo Jian-fen (1977-), female, Ph. Doctor in College of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China.
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 相似文献
3.
选取重庆缙云山的针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、毛竹林、灌木林4种典型林分,观测酸性降水过程中林外雨、穿透雨及干流等林内水分转换分量中的主要离子含量变化,分析林分冠层对雨水化学组成的影响,结果表明:(1)降雨中的离子当量浓度大小依次是SO42-＞Ca2+＞ NH4+＞Mg2+＞K+＞Na+＞NO3-;(2)降雨经过林冠层后pH值降低,干流的酸化程度增加最大;(3)降雨经林冠层后离子浓度明显增加(除灌木林),穿透雨中通量增加最大的阴离子和阳离子分别为SO42-(2.19×103～6.47×103 eq·hm-2)和Ca2+(1.41×103～3.39×103 eq-hm-2),离子来源主要为大气沉降和植物分泌物或淋出;(4)同一离子在不同林分的干流和穿透雨中的通量变化不同,反映出不同林分冠层的离子交换性差异.在针阔混交林中,林下降雨净淋溶量大小顺序为SO42-＞Ca2+＞ NO3-＞K+＞NH4+＞Mg2+＞ Na+;常绿阔叶林为SO42-＞ Ca2+＞ K+＞NO3-＞ NH4+＞ Mg2+ ＞Na+;毛竹林为Ca2+＞ SO42-＞ K+＞NO3-＞ NH4+＞Na+＞Mg2+;灌木林为Ca2+＞ NO3-＞ K+＞ Na+＞Mg2+＞ NH4+＞ SO42-. 相似文献
4.
The study was carried out over a period of 1999–2003 in the Dupniański Stream catchment located in Silesian Beskid Mts. Region
(Southern Poland). Analysis of the chemical composition of bulk precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, surface flow, soil water
(horizontal + vertical and vertical penetration) and outflow water samples was performed. The complex data matrix with more
than 3,000 observations of water reaction, major anions (F−, Cl−, NO3
−, SO4
2−) and cations (NH4
+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+) were treated by regression modelling. The modelling approach took into account seasonal variability according to winter
and growing season, as well as chronosequence of spruce stands. The retention of considerable levels of contaminants by the
canopy, and their removal or washout from needles by rainfall caused changes in the concentration of anions and cations reaching
the soil surface compared to the concentrations in bulk precipitation. In the youngest stand, most elements except NH4
+, SO4
2− and K+ were retained in the canopy, and even H+ ions were neutralized. In the older stands, most elements increased in net throughfall fluxes, and the acidity increased
strongly. Soil water was slightly correlated with throughfall, while outflow water showed no correlations with the above ground
water flows, and seemed to depend mostly of the bedrock. 相似文献
5.
１９９８年４月至１９９９年３月对广州市白云山马尾松林和常绿阔叶林、广州市龙眼洞马尾松林两试验点进行了酸雨的监测,并测定和分析了林内穿透雨物理量及化学量,旨在探讨酸雨对不同森林冠层养分淋溶规律的影响。结果表明：（１）广州市酸雨占次数的７９．７％或占降雨量的９５．１％。（２）酸雨通过林冠层后,ｐＨ值明显增加。（３）在马尾松林和常绿阔叶林中,某些单次降雨出现ＳＯ４＾２－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＮＨ４＾＋Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎａ＾＋的负淋溶现象,说明森林对这些离子（特别是ＮＯ３＾－、Ａａ＾３＋）具有吸收作用;阔叶林全年的ＮＯ３＾－和Ａｌ＾３＋净淋溶为负值,说明阔叶林比马尾松林对这两种离子具有更强的吸收能力。（４）雨水酸度增加（即ｐＨ值减小）,明显提高阳离子Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｋ＾＋和Ｎａ＾＋冠层淋溶面分率。（５）ＮＨ４＾＋、ＳＯ４＾ 相似文献
6.
[目的]以大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松林为研究对象,分析降雨特征对兴安落叶松林降雨再分配过程中K~+的影响。[方法]对林外降雨、穿透雨、灌木穿透雨、树干径流和枯透水进行了野外观测、取样和室内实验测定。[结果]结果表明:(1)研究期间兴安落叶松林林外降雨总量为266.0 mm,平均次降雨强度0.074 mm·min~(-1);降雨再分配过程中K~+含量平均值排序为枯透水树干径流灌木穿透雨穿透雨林外降雨,其中林外降雨中K~+含量在0.227 2.631 mg·L~(-1)之间,变化幅度较大,穿透雨中K~+含量波动在2.198 3.053 mg·L~(-1)之间,枯透水中K~+含量波动较小,稳定在3.077 3.281 mg·L~(-1)之间。(2)降雨量和降雨历时对降雨再分配过程中K~+含量均表现为正相关,随降雨量和降雨历时的增加K+含量的增加幅度呈上升趋势;而降雨强度和降雨间隔期对K~+含量增加幅度的影响则反之,但当降雨强度大于0.041 mm·min~(-1)时,K+含量的增加幅度开始出现转折,呈上升趋势;当降雨间隔期增大至233.28 h时,K~+含量的增加幅度趋于稳定。(3)影响林外降雨中K~+含量的主导因子是降雨间隔期,影响穿透雨、灌木穿透雨和树干径流中K~+含量的主导因子均为林外降雨量,而对枯透水中K~+含量起主导作用的则为降雨强度。[结论]降雨量、降雨历时、降雨强度以及降雨间隔期均会对降雨再分配过程中各个层次的K~+含量产生不同程度的影响。降雨再分配过程中K~+含量平均值大小排序为枯透水树干径流灌木穿透雨穿透雨林外降雨,其中大气降雨中K~+含量在5月和9月较高,穿透雨中K~+含量在5—10月呈波动式变化,灌木穿透雨中K~+含量变化幅度较大,而树干径流和枯透水中K~+含量较稳定。降雨量和降雨历时对降雨再分配过程中K~+含量的影响均表现为正相关。对林外降雨中K~+含量影响程度由大到小排序依次为降雨间隔期降雨强度降雨历时降雨量,穿透雨中K~+含量与各影响因素的灰关联度大小顺序依次为降雨量降雨历时降雨强度降雨间隔期,灌木穿透雨和树干径流中K~+含量与各影响因素的灰关联度排序和穿透雨一致,影响的主导因子均为降雨量,枯透水中K~+含量与各影响因素的灰关联度大小顺序依次为降雨强度降雨间隔期降雨历时降雨量。 相似文献
7.
Gong Zhang Guang-Ming Zeng Guo-He Huang Yi-Min Jiang Jia-Mei Yao Chun-Yan Du Ru Jiang Chang Zhang 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(6):389-396
The effects of dry deposition, canopy leaching, precipitation ion concentration, and precipitation H+ concentration on net throughfall flux (NTF, throughfall minus bulk precipitation) were evaluated on a seasonal basis by using
a multiple regression analysis approach based on an observation period of 4 years in Shaoshan subtropical mixed evergreen
forest, south-central China. Regression analysis results indicated that the estimated canopy exchange flux was the dominant
factor regulating the NTF and the calculated dry deposition was a minor term. The seasonal dry deposition of base cations
accounted for 15%–43% of the NTF. The NTF analysis showed that K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and weak acids in throughfall were derived from foliar leaching and the canopy uptakes of H+, NH4
+, and NO3
− were from precipitation. The retention rate of proton (H+ and NH4
+) in the canopy was close to the canopy leaching rate of base cations when corrected for weak acids because weak acid-induced
canopy leaching did not exchange with protons, which suggested that the canopy leaching processes neutralized acid precipitation
in Shaoshan forest. 相似文献
8.
9.
Rosa Caggiano Radka Fikova Serena Trippetta Svetla Bratanova-Doncheva Nadka Ignatova Luciano Telesca 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(4):699-711
Bulk precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow samples were collected in Petrohan site (Western Balkan, Bulgaria), operating in the framework of the Long-Term Ecological Research network, during a 6-year period (1995–2000). This mountain area is characterized by the presence of beech and spruce forests (Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and is utilized for drinking water supply. All samples were analyzed for pH and major inorganic anions (Cl?, NO3 ?, and SO4 2?) and cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, and NH4 +). Results show that bulk precipitation in this region is mainly acidic (pH = 5.1), and the dominant neutralization components in the rainwater are Ca2+ and NH4 +. As for Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Cl?, and SO4 2?, they are not originated by marine source. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used for investigating the possible sources contributing to the chemical composition of the bulk precipitation and its possible modifications during the passing through beech and spruce stands. Results highlight that local and long-range transport-related anthropogenic sources and natural sources contribute to the anion and cation content of the bulk precipitation. The enrichment of the solution through the foliage made up of dry depositions is significant in both stands, but canopy leaching processes are much greater in the spruce forest, especially for Ca2+. As for the stemflow, it follows the same pattern as the throughfall, but N uptake and a strong K+ and Mg2+ leaching are observed mainly in the spruce stand. 相似文献
10.
The nitrogen (N) cycling was elucidated in a 40-year-old subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Cyclobalanopsis glauca growing on red soil in Zhejiang Province, East China. The concentrations of N in the representative species ranged from 0.49%
to 1.64%, the order of which in various layers was liana and herb layers > understory layer > tree and subtree layers; in
various organs was leaf > branch > root > trunk; and aboveground parts > underground parts. The sequence of the concentrations
of N in C. glauca was understory > tree > subtree layer; young and high-growing > old organs; reproductive > vegetative organs. Seasonal dynamics
of the concentrations of N in C. glauca in the tree and subtree layers was comparatively stable. It was lower in autumn (October) in root, branch, and leaf in the
tree layer, and low in January in the understory. There was no evident change in regularity of the concentrations of N in
varying diameter classes. The concentrations of N in the litterfall, precipitation, throughfall, litter layer, and soil were
0.74%–2.30%, 0.000,038%, 0.000,09%, 1.94%, and 0.59%, respectively. The standing crop of N in the plant community was 1,025.28
kg/hm2, accumulation in the litter layer was 224.88 kg/hm2, and reserve in the soil was 55,151 kg/hm2. Annual retention of N was 119.47 kg/hm2, return was about 84.13 kg/hm2, among which litterfall was 78.49 kg/hm2 and throughfall, 5.64 kg/hm2. Annual absorption of N was 203.60 kg/hm2. Annual input of N through incident precipitation was 4.88 kg/hm2. Compared with other forest types, cycling rate of N in the community was lower than in deciduous broad-leaved forests, rain
forests, and mangroves, and was moderate in evergreen broad-leaved forests. N use efficiency of this forest was moderate among
the forest types cited. According to the characteristics of the biocycle of phosphorous, it was concluded that N availability
in the soil of this forest was not lower, and phosphorous not N was the limiting factor in the growth of plants in this community.
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Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(4): 740–748 [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(4): 740–748] 相似文献
11.
We evaluated i) the difference in river water chemistry between a watershed mainly consisting of pasture and a watershed mainly
consisting of forest, and ii) how the chemistry of river draining the pasture is influenced by that of the river draining
the forest. We selected one river (designated as the T-river) draining the pasture (3,587 ha), and two rivers draining a forest
(738 and 879 ha) in eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. During higher river flow due to precipitation and thawing, the concentrations
of NO
3
−
, SO
4
2−
, K+, Fe, and Al increased, suggesting the relative importance of the shallow soil layer as their source. On the other hand, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Si decreased, suggesting the relative importance of the source in a deep soil layer. The concentrations of NO
3
−
, Cl−, SO
4
2−
, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe were higher in the T-river than in the forest drainage waters, suggesting the contribution of the excretion components
from the milk cows. The Si concentration exhibited the opposite pattern. The concentrations of NO
3
−
, Cl−, SO
4
2−
, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ (p<0.001), and Fe (p<0.05) in the T-river decreased after the confluence of the forest drainage waters, while Si concentration increased (p<0.001). The reason for the change in river chemistry was the confluence of the forest drainage waters. These findings suggested
the environmental role of the forest in the dilution of the polluted river.
Prof. S. Ohata, and Prof. H. Takeda, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, facilitated this study. Prof. T. Sakai,
Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, offered this study some convenience. Dr. M. Sakimoto, and Dr. M. Katsuyama,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, offered useful advise. 相似文献
12.
Guangcan Zhang Jiangbao Xia Shuyong Zhang Zefu Zhou Jian Chen 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(1):24-30
To discover the site adaptability and density suitability of Larix principis-rupprechtii as a water conservation forest in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province, the growth process and diameter distribution characteristics
of 10-year-old artificial L. principis-rupprechtii forests with density structures of 2600 trees/hm2 and 3500 trees/hm2 were studied using trunk analysis of a sample tree. The results showed that: 1) The tree height increment of the two kinds
of forests were the same, and it was almost not affected by density. However, the growth process of the diameter and timber
volume showed a great distinction. The growth status and density structure of the low density forest were superior to the
high density forest. 2) The skewness (S
k) of diameter distribution had great distinction. The S
k (0.01) of the low density forest approached a normal distribution, which showed that the density structure was reasonable,
while the S
k (0.45) of the high density forest was partial to a normal distribution, which showed that the density structure was on the
high side. The kurtosis (K) of the two forests (one was −0.64, the other was −0.74) had little distinction and the density factor had limited function
to forest polarization. 3) The increment of diameter at breast height, timber volume and trunk stock of the low density forest
increased yearly without the effect of density. However, the increment of high density forests had declined from the sixth
year, which was restricted by high density. 4) The reasonable density of the 10-year-old L. principis-rupprechtii artificial forest was about 2600 trees/hm2, which is also the reasonable planting density if the utilization of double cutting is not considered.
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Translated from Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 5(1): 1–6 [译自: 中国水土保持科学] 相似文献
13.
A virgin Pinus koraiensis forest in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains was selected to study its rainfall redistribution effect via 97 rainfall occurrences
during a growing season. The following results were obtained: 1) The canopy interception of the P. koraiensis virgin forest amounted to 98168 mm during a growing season (May to September), which was 19.6 per cent of the total rainfall
and 1.3 times that of a secondary Betula platyphylla forest. Compared with other forest types in China (11.4%–36.5%), the ratio of the canopy interception in the virgin pine
forest was at a medium level. 2) The throughfall of the virgin pine forest was 395.77 mm, which accounted for 78.7% of total
precipitation, and the stem-flow was 8.78 mm, accounting for 1.74% of total precipitation. Compared with the secondary birch
forest, the virgin pine forest had lower throughfall but higher stem-flow. 3) Cubic regression equations (p < 0.01) which describe the relation between throughfall, stem-flow and canopy interception in the virgin pine forest and
rainfall in an open field were fitted. A linear regression equation (p < 0.01) was found to be a better fit for the relationship between throughfall of the secondary birch forest and rainfall
outside the forest. Factors affecting throughfall and stem-flow were analyzed, with results providing a good reference to
the study of rainfall redistribution in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests.
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Translated from Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(6): 61–65 [译自: 中国水土保持科学] 相似文献
14.
The effect of forest type on atmospheric nutrient inputs to the forest ecosystem was measured for individual storm events for 1 year in three East Texas forest types: beechmagnolia, pine-mixed hardwoods and loblolly pine plantation. Total annual bulk precipitation inputs (kg/ha) for Ca, Mg, N, K and Na were, respectively: 5.0, 1.1, 4.1, 3.3 and 9.9. Total througfall inputs were increased by forest type, but the magnitude differed with each nutrient. Over of the total K and the total Mg throughfall input were due to the forest canopy. However of the Ca and most of the Na throughfall input resulted from bulk precipitation. Although stemflow nutrient concentrations (ppm) were higher than throughfall and bulk precipitation, total annual stemflow nutrient inputs were only a minor component of the loblolly pine plantation ecosystem. 相似文献
15.
Weiqiang Zhang Kangning He Yunqi Wang Baitian Wang Juntao Deng Yi Zhou Xijun Zhong Zhaoqing Li 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2007,2(2):192-197
In order to offer a scientific basis for cultivation and management of forests, effects of light radiation intensity on photosynthetic
characteristics and water use efficiency of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis were studied under different soil moisture contents. By adopting artificial control methods to soil moisture, and under simulated
photosynthetic radiation (SPR), the net photosynthetic rate (P
N), transpiration rate (T
r), water use efficiency (WUE) and intercellular CO2 concentration (C
i) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, were studied. Results are as follows: within the photon range of 0–2,200 μmol/(m2·s), P
N, T
r and WUE were enhanced with an increase in SPR in both species. P
N and WUE of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, however, declined with continued increase in SPR. P
N, T
r, WUE and light saturation point (LSP) of Platycladus orientalis were higher than those of Pinus tabulaeformis, while light compensation point (LCP) of Platycladus orientalis was lower than that of Pinus tabulaeformis at the same soil moisture content. The efficiency of light energy utilization of Platycladus orientalis was higher than that of Pinus tabulaeformis; P
N, T
r and C
i of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis were enhanced by increasing soil moisture content, whereas WUE declined. At soil moistures of 7.90%, 13.00% and 19.99%, LSP of Platycladus orientalis was 1,275, 1,450 and 1,675 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, and LCP was 42, 25 and 13 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, with corresponding maximal net CO2 photosynthetic rates (P
max) of 3.04, 4.06 and 5.53 μmol/(m2·s). At soil moistures of 7.83%, 13.04% and 20.15%, the LSP of Pinus tabulaeformis was 1,100, 1,325 and 1,500 μmol/(m2·s) respectively, and LCP was 60, 30 and 23 μmol/(m2·s), with P
max of 1.08, 3.35 and 4.36 μmol/(m2·s) respectively.
__________
Translated from Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(3): 108–113 [译自: 中国水土保持科学] 相似文献
16.
Renjun Xiang Liyuan Chai Xilin Zhang Gong Zhang Guifang Zhao 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(3):321-325
Leaching of major ions from acid precipitation in a subtropical forest was examined based on an experiment in four sample
sites in Shaoshan City, Hunan Province, China, from January 2001 to June 2002. Results clearly show that when rain passed
through the canopy, pH increased and the evidence of ion uptake was presented for SO4
2−, NO3
−, Mg2+ and NH4
+ ions, especially of NH4
+ and NO3
−. The percentages of dissolved SO4
2−, Ca2+ and Mg2+ show a decreasing trend with increasing rainfall. Percentages of leaching Ca2+, K+ and Cl− ions show an increasing trend as a function of increased pH values. The forest canopy in Shaoshan City has a strong effect
on the uptake of SO4
2− and NO3
− ions under acid rain conditions. The decreasing order of ions leaching in the forest canopy is as follows: K+ > Ca2+ > Cl− > Mg2+ > SO4
2− > NO3
− > NH4
+ > Na+.
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Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 1–4 [译自: 林业科学] 相似文献
17.
Mingdong Ma Chengde Luo Hong Jiang Yuejian Liu Xi Li 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2009,4(2):140-145
Biomass, carbon content, carbon storage and spatial distribution in the 32-year-old Phoebe bournei artificial forest were measured. The mean biomass of the forest stand was 174.33 t/hm2, among which the arbor layer was 166.73 t/hm2, which accounted for 95.6%. Carbon contents of stems, barks, branches, leaves, root, shrub layer, herb layer, lichen layer
and litter layer were 0.5769 g C/g, 0.4654 g C/g, 0.5232 g C/g, 0.4958 g C/g, 0.4931 g C/g, 0.4989 g C/g, 0.4733 g C/g, 0.4143
g C/g, 0.3882 g C/g, respectively. The mean carbon content of soil was 0.0139 g C/g, which reduced gradually along with soil
depth. Total carbon storage of the P. bournei stand ecosystem was 227.59 t/hm2, among which the arbor layer accounted for 40.13% (91.33 t/hm2), the shrub layer accounted for 0.17% (0.38 t/hm2), the herb layer accounted for 0.76% (1.71 t/hm2), the lichen layer accounted for 0.28% (0.63 t/hm2), and the litter layer accounted for 0.29% (0.66 t/hm2). Carbon content (0–80 cm) of the forest soil was 58.40% (132.88 t/hm2). Spatial distribution ranking of carbon storage was: soil layer (0–80 cm) > arbor layer > herb layer > litter layer > lichen
layer > shrub layer. Net production of the forest stand was 8.5706 t/(hm2·a), in which the arbor layer was 6.6691 t/(hm2·a), and it accounted for 77.82%. Net annual carbon sequestration of the P. bournei stand was 4.2536 t/(hm2·a), and the arbor layer was 3.5736 t/(hm2·a), which accounted for 84.01%.
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Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(3): 34–39 [译自: 林业科学] 相似文献
18.
The interception of rainfall by vegetation and the subsequent evaporation of intercepted water from the canopy surface play
an important role in hydrological processes, and the water and energy balance of forest ecosystems. Spatial variability of
interception has different effects on water yield from watersheds located in different climatic and biome regions. In order
to explain the spatial patterns of interception, we adopted grid-sampling method to install rain-gauges to measure throughfall.
Results show that the coefficient of variation (Cv) of throughfall tends to decline as rain intensity increases. After the canopy is saturated, Cv of throughfall remained at a constant value, which is close to the Cv of the canopy leaf area index (LAI) value 0.18. Thus, the Cv of LAI is regarded as the extremum of that of throughfall. Because of the special characteristic of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis), and the lower droopy branches, negative values for interception account for only 13% of the total samples. Furthermore,
the max is above 70% of gross rainfall.
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Translated from Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(3): 26–30 [译自: 中国水土保持科学] 相似文献
19.
在福建南靖连续4a对1995年春在杉木采伐迹地上营造的株行距为3m×4m、4m×5m和5m×6m3种密 度的麻竹试验林进行水文生态效应观测。结果分析表明:(1)麻竹林冠截持量与降水量和林分密度均呈正相关,而 秆茎流和林内降水量与降水量呈正相关,与林分密度呈负相关。密度为825丛·hm-2的麻竹林的年林冠平均截持 量和截持率为155.2 mm和14．61％,林内平均降水量和降水率为829．0 mm和78．11％,竹秆茎流量和茎流率为 77.3mm和7.31％。(2)麻竹林地表枯落物具有吸持其自身干质量2．8倍水量的潜在能力。(3)3种密度麻竹林的 0-60 cm土壤层最大潜在蓄水量为315．3-326．3 mm,略低于毛竹林367．9mm。(4)麻竹林地表径流和泥沙流 失量与降水量呈正线性相关,与林分密度呈负相关;竹林密度为825丛·hm-2的麻竹林年地表平均径流量、土壤侵 蚀模数是密度为330丛·hm-2的麻竹林的0．55、0．45倍,其NO3-、NH4 、PO43-、K 等养分年流失量则分别是密 度为330丛·hm-2的麻竹林的0．58、0．49、0．36、0．49倍。 相似文献
20.
The soil microbial biomass and nutrient status under the native broadleaved forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations at the Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem (in Hunan Province, midland of China) were examined
in this study. The results showed that after the native broadleaved forest was replaced by mono-cultured C. lanceolata or C. lanceolata, soil microbial biomass and nutrient pool decreased significantly. In the 0–10 cm soil layer, the concentrations of soil
microbial carbon and nitrogen in the broadleaved forest were 800.5 and 84.5 mg/kg, respectively. These were 1.90 and 1.03
times as much as those in the first rotation of the C. lanceolata plantation, and 2.16 and 1.27 times as much as those in the second rotation of the plantation, respectively. While in the
10–20 cm soil layer, the microbial carbon and nitrogen in the broadleaved forest were 475.4 and 63.3 mg/kg, respectively.
These were 1.86 and 1.60 times as much as those in the first rotation, and 2.11 and 1.76 times as much as those in the second
rotation, respectively. Soil nutrient pools, such as total nitrogen, total potassium, NH4
+-N, and available potassium, also declined after the C. lanceolata plantation replaced the native broadleaved forest, or Chinese fir was planted continuously. Less litter and slower decay
rate in pure Chinese fir plantation were the crucial factors leading to the decrease of soil microbial biomass and nutrient
pool in this area. Human disturbance, especially slash-burning and site preparation, was another factor leading to the decrease.
There were significant positive correlations between soil microbial carbon and nitrogen and soil nutrients. To improve soil
quality and maintain sustainable productivity, some measures, including planting mixed conifer with hardwood, preserving residues
after harvest, and adopting scientific site preparation, should be taken.
Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(12): 2,292–2,296 [译自: 应用生态学报] 相似文献