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1.
基质与施肥对樟子松幼苗培育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对樟子松幼苗在温室条件下的培养,进行了不同施肥水平与培养基质对樟子松幼苗生长影响的研究。结果表明:不同施肥水平条件下,樟子松幼苗的苗高、地径、侧枝数、生物量从高到低依次为6>5>4>3>2>1>CK;成活率受施肥水平影响不大,随着施肥水平的升高,根冠比值基本呈上升趋势;当施肥水平为6时,樟子松的苗高、地径、侧枝数、生物量、根冠比在不同培养基质中从高到低依次为轻基质营养袋>进口营养土>进口营养土+蛭石>=国产营养土+蛭石>土。较高的施肥水平能更好地促进樟子松幼苗的生长;轻基质营养袋最适宜作为温室条件下樟子松幼苗的培养基质。 相似文献
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在建立沙地樟子松人工植被时,应该充分利用沙地的有利条件,采取必要的措施克服沙地中存在的不利环境条件。应采用容器苗造林;选择最佳造林地;确定合适的人工植被类型;重视影响生长的主要因子。在樟子松造林初期的2～4年内,影响樟子松成活和生长的主要因子,首先是风沙流动强度,其次才是水分状况;在造林2～4年以后,环境中的水分状况成为影响樟子松生长的主要因子。 相似文献
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贺喜叶乐吐 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2013,(5):60-61,81
海拉尔西山国家森林公园作为樟子松天然林分布地,其天然幼苗有着自然更新的良好环境。经实地调查得知:天然沙地樟子松幼苗小片状分布林中,在边缘母树下,断断续续,零散地生长着,幼苗大部分生长在沙坑的阴面。樟子松幼苗在4月末芽萌动,5月下旬嫩芽迅速生长,到6月中旬新生枝生长达到一定程度,同时,地径也快速生长,持续到9月。幼苗树龄越大,生长速度越快。 相似文献
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为降低林业育苗成本,实现资源的再利用,试验以樟子松为研究对象,进行盆栽试验。通过调节园土和菇渣体积比例设置4个处理,分别为（T1）：田园土∶菇渣=2∶1(V/V)、（T2）：田园土∶菇渣=1∶1(V/V)、（T3）：田园土∶菇渣=1∶2(V/V)、（T4）：菇渣,同时以田园土作为对照（CK）。研究了不同基质对樟子松幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响。研究结果表明：菇渣与田园土以不同比例混合后,能够显著促进樟子松幼苗的生长,增加干物质含量和叶绿素含量,提升幼苗保护酶的活性。其中以田园土∶菇渣=1∶1(V/V)的处理效果最佳。与对照处理相比,该处理樟子松幼苗根长、表面积、粗根直径分别增加了20.35%、41.22%、11.57%;株高、地径和冠幅分别增加了21.45%、8.04%、27.06%,差异均达到显著水平;同时叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素分别比对照处理增加了22.26%、17.82%、21.06%,差异达到显著水平,并显著增加了地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重和干重,提升了樟子松过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性,适合作为樟子松幼苗育苗基质推广。 相似文献
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《浙江林业科技》2017,(4)
2014年4月,对川西云杉Picea likiangensis var.balfouriana进行容器育苗试验,设置了5种不同轻基质配比处理,即P1(泥炭:锯木屑:珍珠岩=4:5:1),P2(泥炭﹕锯木屑﹕珍珠岩=5:4:1),P3(泥炭﹕锯木屑﹕珍珠岩=6:3:1),P4(泥炭﹕锯木屑﹕珍珠岩=7:2:1),P5(泥炭﹕锯木屑﹕珍珠岩=8:1:1),以当地土壤作为对照(CK)基质,研究不同轻基质配比对川西云杉幼苗生长的影响。2016月4月对不同处理幼苗的生长指标进行测定。结果表明,5种轻基质处理的苗高和地径均显著高于CK,其中以P3,P4和P5较大;5个处理的幼苗地上和地下部分生物量均显著高于CK,地上部分生物量P3和P4最大,地下部分生物量P4和P5最大;5种轻基质配方培育的幼苗根系生长均显著优于CK,根系表面积P4最大,总根长和根尖数量P4和P5最大,根系活力P3最大,其次是P4和P5;川西云杉幼苗根系生长指标均与地上部分呈显著正相关。综合考虑成本,以P3处理最优。 相似文献
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《福建林业科技》2022,(1):46-49
于2020年在福州市晋安区新店镇杨廷苗圃,对2年生的樟树幼苗进行遮荫试验(遮荫率分别为30%、50%、85%),以全光照处理为对照,研究在遮荫条件下樟树幼苗的生长性状和各器官生物量分配特征。结果表明：樟树幼苗苗高、地径、冠幅、根深和根幅,均以遮荫率50%处理最大,遮荫率85%处理最小,遮荫率30%和50%处理均显著大于全光照处理;樟树幼苗各器官生物量和单株生物量,以遮荫率50%处理最高,遮荫率85%处理最低,各处理的生物量分配规律基本为叶>根>茎;高径比和冠根比均以遮荫率85%处理最大;苗木质量指数大小顺序为：遮荫率50%>遮荫率30%>全光照>遮荫率85%。主成分分析结果表明,樟树幼苗质量由高到低为：遮荫率50%>遮荫率30%>全光照>遮荫率85%。综合结果表明,遮荫率50%最有利于樟树幼苗生长,建议在樟树苗期栽培时采用遮荫率50%处理,有助于樟树幼苗生长发育。 相似文献
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掺土和施肥对铁尾矿基质理化性质及油松、樟子松幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】砂寻求最合理的铁尾矿基质改良措施,为铁尾矿土壤改良与植被恢复提供理论依据。【方法】通过铁尾矿砂与无机肥、有机肥和土壤的不同配比处理的盆栽试验,研究不同改良方法对尾矿基质理化性质及油松和樟子松幼苗生长的影响。【结果】随无机肥施肥比例增加,铁尾矿土壤密度、田间持水量、毛管持水量、饱和持水量和总孔隙度与100%尾矿砂处理均无明显差异;随着有机肥施用量增加,田间持水量、毛管持水量、饱和持水量及总孔隙度均明显增大,土壤密度呈下降趋势,其中10%猪粪施肥配比与100%尾矿砂处理差异显著(P ＜0.05);随着掺土量增加,铁尾矿土壤密度逐渐降低,而田间持水量、毛管持水量、饱和持水量逐渐升高,掺土比例达到75%时,除了田间持水量,其他指标均与100%尾矿砂处理差异达到显著水平(P ＜0.05),电导率和土壤阳离子交换量、全氮全磷全钾养分含量、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均随施肥与掺土比例的增加而显著增大;10%猪粪施肥配比处理的全氮、全磷含量最大,分别是100%尾矿砂处理的6.38和3.33倍,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别是100%尾矿砂处理的5.78,12.5和4.32倍;随掺土比例增大,尾矿中全磷含量减小,而掺土后全钾含量显著增高;掺土比例达到25%时,速效养分含量开始明显提升,客土处理达到最大值(78.41,44.43和58.67 mg·kg －1);施5%比例的有机肥和添加无机肥 NH4NO31.76 g、KH2 PO40.88 g的混合处理的速效养分含量与单纯施5%比例猪粪的单因子处理差异不明显;掺土比例25%和添加无机肥 NH4NO31.76g、KH2PO40.88 g混合处理的速效养分含量也和掺土比例25%的单因子处理无显著差异;掺土和施加无机肥会促进油松和樟子松幼苗的生长,施有机肥则会抑制它们的生长,相同处理情况下,油松较樟子松出苗率高、生长情况好。【结论】有机肥对铁尾矿基质的理化性质、全效养分含量和速效养分含量都有显著的改善作用,掺土处理对提高碱解氮、速效钾含量作用明显,但有机肥与无机肥、掺土与无机肥的混合配比对提升速效养分的效果不明显。不同处理对油松和樟子松的生长也会有不同程度的影响,表现为掺土和施加无机肥促进2树种生长,施加有机肥抑制2树种生长;在相同的处理情况下,油松比樟子松的生长要好,更适合作为铁尾矿废弃地修复树种。 相似文献
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通过对章古台沙地樟子松、赤松、油松人工林天然更新规律、密度、生长指标的测定及覆盖对其1年生幼苗越冬保存率影响的研究,结果表明：1、种松树人工林更新方式主要为林隙翌新和林缘更新,赤松有林下更新。降水量的大小显著影响天然更新密度和越冬保存率,降水量大的年份天然更新密度大、越冬保存率高。试验地内1年生幼苗天然更新的密度大小为赤松〉樟子松〉油松;自然越冬保存率大小为油松〉赤松〉樟子松。围封区内自然越冬存活下来的2年生以上幼树天然更新的密度大小为赤松〉油松〉樟子松。7年生林缘天然更新3树种生长指标大小分别为树高——赤松〉油松〉樟子松,地径——油松〉樟子松〉赤松,侧枝数和枝条总生长量——油松〉赤松〉樟子松。1年生幼苗经覆盖后越冬保存率远高于未覆盖的,因此应采取覆盖等人工促进措施,保证樟子松、赤松、油松1年生幼苗安全越冬。 相似文献
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The concentrations of the foliar and surface soil nutrients and the variation with species and stand age were studied inPinus spp. plantations in Zhanggutai area, northeast China. The results showed that the total N, total P and C: N ratio of the soil
inP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands were significantly higher in comparison with those inP. tabulaeformis andP. densiflora stands. ForP. sylvestris var.mongolica, the foliar P concentration appeared to decrease with age, and the foliar N and K concentrations did not show a consistent
change with age. As for the different tree species of the similar age, the foliar N and P concentrations were significantly
different (p<0.05), being withP. sylvestris var.mongolica>P. densiflora>P. tabulaeformis. The foliar N: P ratio ofP. densiflora significantly was higher thanP. sylvestris var.mongolica andP. tabulaeformis, while the foliar K was no obvious difference between the three tree species. There were significant correlation (p<0.05) between soil total N and P, soil organic matter and total P, foliar N and P, but it did not show significant correlations
between soil and foliar nutrient concentrations, which might attribute to the excessive litter raking, overgrazing and low
soil moisture in this area. Based on the foliar N: P ratio, we introduced a combination threshold index of N: P ratio with
their absolute foliar nutrient concentrations to determine the possible limiting nutrient. According to the critical N: P
ratio and their absolute foliar N, P concentrations, theP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands showed a decreased N limitation degree with age, theP. densiflora stands showed unlimited by N and P in the whole, and theP. tabulaeformis stands showed co-limited by N and P. No significant difference in soil nutrient concentrations of the surface soils was found
between 45, 29, 20-yr-oldPinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation stands.
Foundation item: This research was supported by Key Knowledge Innovation Project (KZCX3-SW-418) of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Biography: CHEN Guang-sheng (1978-), male, master candidate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, P. R. China
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
12.
ZHU Jiao-jun TAN Hui KANG Hong-zhang XU Mei-ling 《林业研究》2006,17(3):177-184
In order to examine the causes of degradation of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations on sandy land, the foliar concentrations of N, P, K and C were analyzed and compared between the field grown P. sylvestris var. mongolica trees from two provenances （natural forests and plantations）. The results indicated that natural tree needles had lower N, P and C concentrations, and higher K concentrations than those of plantation tree needles. For plantation tree needles, ratios of N： P, P. K and N： K increased with tree age before 45 years old; but they were not clear for the natural tree needles. Compared with the conclusions reported on Pinus spp., we found that the foliar N and P concentrations were in the optimal range for both natural and plantation tree needles. This result suggested that N or P might not be the absolute limit factors in plant nutrient for P sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy land. However, foliar K concentrations in both natural and plantation tree needles were much lower than those reported on Pinus spp. （〉4.80 g kg-1）.The N： P ratio of natural needles was in the adequate ranges, but N： P ratio of plantation needles was out of the adequate ranges. These results indicated that there was a better balanced nutrition status in the natural forest than in the plantations. If only considering the foliar nutrient concentrations of P sylvestris var. mongolica from different provenances, it might be concluded that the degradation phenomenon of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations was not induced by nutrition deficiency of absolute nutrients of N and P, but might be induced by other mineral nutrients or by the effectiveness of N and P nutrients. The unbalanced nutrition status and relatively quick decomposition of needles in the plantations might also contribute to the degradation. 相似文献
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选择章古台地区三块典型樟子松(Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolica)人工固沙林为研究对象,采用实验室好氧培养法测定了不同土壤层次和在不同水分条件下的N矿化过程。结果表明:土壤0-60cm层N净矿化速率垂直变化范围为1.06–7.52mg·kg-1·month-1;土壤层次和含水量及其交互作用对土壤N净矿化速率的影响均达到差异显著(P<0.05);净矿化速率随着土壤层次的加深而明显下降,0-15cm层占总净矿化量的60.52%;半饱和与饱和含水量处理差异不显著,但均高于不加水处理。为此,在半干旱地区必须进一步加强开展调控生态系统N矿化、循环及其收支平衡影响因素的研究。图1表4参20。 相似文献
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[目的]了解沙地樟子松天然纯林中枯立木的数量及空间结构特征,探究枯立木形成的原因,为樟子松林的保护和经营提供依据。[方法]在沙地樟子松天然纯林中设置2块1 hm~2的大样地,用全站仪对样地中所有胸径大于5 cm的立木进行定位并进行全面调查;对调查样地的基本特征,枯立木的数量特征及径级分布进行了分析,提出了用于表达林分中枯立木微环境的活立木比的概念,并采用林分空间结构参数一元分布和二元分布分析方法,对枯立木与其最近4株相邻木的关系进行分析。[结果]2块不同密度的樟子松天然纯林下更新幼苗和枯立木数量相差较大,密度较小(样地1)的样地更新幼苗和枯立木较少,而密度较大的样地(样地2)中枯立木达到200棵,林下更新幼苗数量达到15 280株·hm~(-2);樟子松天然纯林样地内枯立木主要以小径级木为主,胸径集中在11 cm以下;样地1枯立木径级连续分布,幅度较窄;样地2中的枯立木径级幅度较宽,但在20 22 cm缺刻,有2株大于23 cm的枯立木;2块样地中枯立木的分布格局均为随机分布,样地1中枯立木周围的4株相邻立木大多为活立木,且胸径较枯立木大;样地2中,只有一半的枯立木周围的最近4株立木为活立木,且有三分之一以上的枯立木胸径不是最小的,枯立木有连续分布的现象。2块样地中枯立木的角尺度-大小比数二元分布特征的差异不明显,而角尺度-活立木比二元分布特征和大小比数-活立木比二元分布特征差异明显,样地1中枯立木的最近4株随机分布于其周围的相邻木为活立木且胸径大于枯立木的比例明显高于样地2,而枯立木最近4株随机分布于其周围的相邻木有枯立木的比例明显小于样地2。[结论]樟子松天然纯林枯立木以小径级林木为主,枯立木的数量与林分密度相关,林木竞争是林木死亡的主要原因,密度过大也会产生病虫害,因此,对天然樟子松纯林要进行适度经营,保持合理密度。 相似文献
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Picea mongolica is an endemic and endangered species in China. Ecosystem made ofPicea mongolica is a special sandy forest ecosystem in China. It is found at ecotone between forest and steppe, or agricultural district
and pas toral area. Based on investigation, this paper discussed the formation and distribution ofPicea mongolica and studied its nature according to ecotone theory. It is clarified thatPicea mongolica belongs toPicea meyeri series. That is to say, it became a local race through long-term adaptation to the local climate, then formed allopatric
semi-species, and finally turned into a taxonomical species.Picea mongolica forest is a super zonal climax community developing in ecotone between forest zone and steppe zone.
Foundation item: The study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (39670133, 39900019, 30070129).
Biography: ZOU Chun-jing (1968-), male, Ph.D, associate researcher fellow in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science,
Shenyang 110015, P. R. China
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
16.
[目的]为了解红花尔基地区沙地樟子松天然纯林的结构特征,指导沙地樟子松的保护与经营。[方法]在红花尔基地区设置2块100 m×100 m的樟子松天然纯林固定样地,利用样地内每木定位调查数据和分析统计软件进行一元分布及二元分布特征分析。[结果](1)樟子松天然林纯林直径分布为单峰或多峰山状分布,垂直结构简单,只有乔木层和草本层。(2)樟子松天然纯林的林木分布格局为均匀分布,接近随机分布,林木分布格局类型与林分密度无关;林分中樟子松个体竞争激烈,多数单元中林木呈较密集状态。(3)2块样地中随机分布状态下的林木多数为中等密集或比较密集,不同分布状态下的林木优劣性差异较小;低密度樟子松天然纯林中多数密集状态的林木为绝对优势木或优势木,而高密度林分中林木密集度分布与林木大小无关。[结论]红花尔基沙地樟子松天然林结构不合理,应选择病腐木及聚集分布的个体作为潜在调整对象,进行密度调整和结构优化。 相似文献
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18.
Comparative study on drought resistance ofLarix olgensis Henry andPinus sylvestris var.mongolica (I)
Water potential (ϕ w) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) ofLarix olgensis andPinus. sylvestris var.mongolica decreased with the decrease of soil water content. ϕ w and Pn ofL. olgensis changed hardly during the first 9 days after stopping watering, then decreased sharply at the 10th day Pn ofP. sylvestris varmongolica decreased slightly during the first 8 days, then decreased sharply at the 9th day. Their respiration rate, chlorophyll content
and their a/b ratio changed hardly. The following 3 conclusions were obtained and discussed exhaustively. (1) ϕ w can be used
to direct watering as a sensitive index of judging whetherL. olgensis andP. sylvestris var.mongolica lacking water. (2) The decrease of Pn ofL. olgensis andP. sylvestris var.mongolica when drought had nothing to do with chlorophyll. (3)P. sylvestris var.mongolica had morphological drought resistance, while Lolgensis had physiological drought resistance, and their drought resistance was discussed comparatively first time. 相似文献
19.
Comparison of stand structure and growth between artificial and natural forests of Pinus sylvestiris var, mongolica on sandy land 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZHUJiao-jun FANZhi-ping ZENGDe-hui JIANGFeng-qi MATSUZAKITakeshi 《林业研究》2003,14(2):103-111
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in “Three North” regions (North, northwest and northeast of China), but many prob-lems occurred in the earliest Mongolian pine plantations in 7hanggutai, 7hangwu County, Liaoning Province (ZZL). In order to clarify the reason, comprehensive investigations were carried out on differences in structure characteristics, growth processes and ecological factors between artificial stands (the first plantation established in ZZL in 1950s) and natural stands (the origin forests of the tree species in Honghuaerji, Inner Mongolia) on sandy land. The results showed that variation of diameter-class distributions in artificial stands and natural stands could be described by Weibull and Normal distribution models, respectively.Chapman-Richards growth model was employed to reconstruct the growth process of Mongolian pine based on the data from field investigation and stem analysis. The ages of maximum of relative growth rate and average growth rate of DBH, height, and volume of planted trees were 11,22 years, 8, 15 years and 35, 59 years earlier than those of natural stand trees, respectively. In respect of the incremental acceleration of volume, the artificial and natural stands reached their maximum values at 14 years and 33 years respectively. The quantitative maturity ages of artificial stands and natural stands were 43 years and 102 years respectively. It was concluded that the life span of the Mongolian pine trees in natural stands was about 60 years longer than those in artificial stands. The differences mentioned above between artificial and natural Mongolian pine forests on sandy land were partially attributed to the drastic variations of ecological conditions such as latitude, temperature, precipitation, evaporation and height above sea level. Human beings‘‘ disturbances and higher density in plantation forest may be ascribed as additional reasons. Those results may be potentially useful for the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
20.
为评价我国北方大规模人工造林对土壤磷素转化及磷素有效性的影响,对半干旱沙地樟子松人工林和天然植被(疏林草地)不同层次(0～5 cm, 5～20 cm)土壤中不同形态磷组分和磷酸单酯酶活性进行了比较.结果表明:除人工林土壤中活性有机磷不受土壤深度影响外,各样地表层土壤中各种磷素含量和酶活性均显著高于低层土壤,但分层效应在人工林中低于疏林草地;与疏林草地土壤相比,除Al-P外,人工林土壤中各种磷素绝对含量和酶活性均显著降低,总有机磷和Ca-P在全磷中的比例显著下降,而活性磷,Al-P和Fe-P占全磷的比例增加.可见表层土壤是磷素转化最活跃的区域,凋落物分解是土壤磷的主要来源;用樟子松进行人工造林促进了有机磷的矿化和Ca-P的溶解,提高了土壤磷素的有效性,同时导致土壤总磷库逐渐耗竭.要维持该人工防护林功能和稳定性,必须对地被物予以保护,并进行适当施肥.表3参38. 相似文献