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1.
小麦穗分化过程中的光温组合效应研究 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
在Ｃｏｎｖｉｒｏｎ生长箱控制条件下,利用６个来自不同生态区的春小麦品种,研究了４种光温组合下（高温长日,高温短日,低温长日,低温短日）穗人化期持续天数与积温的反应,结果表明,日照对缩短各穗分化期起主要作用。（２）温度对光周期反应有强烈的调节作用,主要表现,长日照下。高温加快生育进程,短日照下,高温使短日抑制穗分化效应更为显著,常导致幼穗中途死亡,低温虽然延缓了小麦的生育进程,但却可以减轻短日对穗分 相似文献
2.
及时、准确地获取冬小麦种植面积、长势、收割进度等信息对冬小麦产量预报和农田精细管理具有重要意义。本研究采用HJ-1A/B CCD1/CCD2影像,结合S-G滤波算法、波段最大化的光谱角目标探测器、阈值分割等方法进行新乡市冬小麦种植面积、小麦长势和收割进度等遥感监测。结果表明：（1）利用HJ卫星NDVI时间序列数据结合波段最大化的光谱角度目标探测器方法,可以进行冬小麦种植面积提取,各县市冬小麦种植面积提取相对误差在10%以内;（2）单景影像NDVI值阈值分割可以反映冬小麦长势在时空差异;（3）冬小麦达到抽穗期的时间不一致,NDVI值在4月15日和21日附近达到最大值;（4）利用成熟期和收割期不同时间的NDVI影像,可监测各县市冬小麦收割进度的时空差异。各县市冬小麦在6月4日前开始收割与6月15日左右完成收割工作。HJ卫星时间序列遥感数据可以进行冬小麦种植面积、长势、收割进度等遥感监测。 相似文献
3.
来源不同的参试冬小麦品种（春小麦品种）具有对春化（日长）反应敏感性远大于对日长（春化）反应的一般特征,但英国冬小麦兼有中国超强冬性品种的短日效应和冬性品种的春化累积量;美国冬性品种则兼有中国强冬性品种的春化累积量和冬性品种的长日反应特性。英、澳春性小麦对春化作用也有微弱反应,类似中国南方冬播春性小麦。中国中熟冬麦区温光条件与英美品种温光特性差异是引种生育期较长、成熟偏晚的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
不同土壤条件下干旱、低温对冬小麦形态和生理的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽试验,研究干旱、低温逆境下不同土壤耕作措施对冬小麦形态和生理的影响。采用两合土、砂浆黑土2种土壤设置包含施有机肥、保持土壤水分、整地（粗糙、精细和旋耕）等因素共7种土壤耕作方式处理,调查测定冬小麦外部形态和内部生理指标。结果表明,不同土壤耕作方式对出苗、土壤水分、分蘖等都有影响,从而影响冬小麦抗寒能力。粗糙整地表现出较差的低温耐受能力,施用有机肥、土壤水分、精细整地等栽培措施能明显增加抗低温能力。冬小麦在逆境情况下,叶片中脯氨酸含量较正差情况的脯氨酸含量大幅增加;低温逆境下冬小麦叶片脯氨酸含量比干旱逆境下急剧增加而且幅度大;适度的旱情能提高叶片中脯氨酸含量,提高后期抗寒能力。土壤水分、肥力是影响冬小麦抗低温逆境胁迫能力的主要因素,一定范围内的干旱逆境锻炼,对提高小麦抗低温能力有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
5.
寒地冬小麦变温下品种间细胞超微结构的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为比较抗寒性不同的冬小麦在返青期降温下的细胞超微结构差异,本试验以返青率不同的3个冬小麦品种（系）为材料,实验室内模拟返青期气温变化,设置低温处理、恢复温度和再次低温处理。结果得出,不抗寒的品种在-3℃下即表现出主茎生长点细胞受到严重伤害;中等抗寒性的品种在-6℃下才出现受冻害特征;而抗寒性强的品种则在-9℃下才表现出细胞明显受伤害。 相似文献
6.
7.
寒地冬小麦的安全越冬受制于 3个外界因素, 分别是低温驯化程度、 越冬期间温度、 以及返青期温度。为分析低温驯化对冬小麦抗寒性的影响, 笔者以抗寒性不同的 2个冬小麦品种为材料, 在其生长的低温驯化阶段分别对其进行脱驯化及低温处理, 测定不同处理下冬小麦植株的成活率及保护酶活性。研究结果得出, 10℃脱驯化处理 2天对植株造成的伤害较 20℃脱驯化 2天显著降低; 抗寒品种 ‘东农冬麦 1号’ 只有在 11月 10日发生 10℃脱驯化 2天其成活率显著降低, 而不抗寒品种在 10月 26日发生10℃脱驯化 2天其成活率为 50%; 20℃脱驯化 2天再-12℃ 3天处理, 抗寒品种在 10月 31日后其成活率低于 50%, 相同处理下不抗寒品种所有时期成活率均低于 50%。抗寒品种经历 20℃脱驯化 2 天后再经历-12℃ 1天低温植株的 SOD酶活性达到最高。由此得出, 低温驯化期发生脱驯化冬小麦植株的成活率降低。 相似文献
8.
为了解不同拔节进程下冬小麦光合机构及干物质转运系统对低温胁迫的适应机制,以郑麦366为材料,在拔节5～15 d时以人工气候箱对其进行低温胁迫,比较并分析冬小麦光合特性及干物质积累和分配的变化。结果表明,与对照处理(未遭遇低温)相比,低温胁迫(-3℃、-5℃、-7℃)能够降低冬小麦叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度,但增加了胞间CO_2浓度。低温胁迫下的冬小麦光合产物转运量及转运速率随温度的降低而下降,最终导致冬小麦的穗数减少、茎秆整质量和千粒质量下降。此外,低温胁迫下冬小麦光合特性变化的程度不仅取决于低温胁迫的程度,也取决于低温发生时冬小麦所处的拔节进程,相同处理下对冬小麦光合参数影响大小的拔节进程依次为拔节10 d拔节15 d拔节5 d。综上,低温胁迫下拔节期冬小麦的生理机能会受到严重影响,不同拔节进程的冬小麦对低温胁迫的响应存在差异,其中拔节中期(10d)的冬小麦对于低温更敏感。 相似文献
9.
光敏不育粳稻及其杂交后代的光周期效应指数(PE)分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者通过剥蘖分株，把供试水稻每一单株的４个第１次分蘖分别栽培在高温长日（光照时数／平均气温为１５小时／２８．４℃）、低温水日（１５小时／２３．５℃）、高温短日（１０小时／２８．４℃）和低温短日（１０小时／２３．５℃）环境下，在对号统计供试个体分株苗的育性、计算个体光周期效应指数的基础上，分析了光敏不育粳稻（农垦５８ｓ、７００１ｓ）及它们的杂交Ｆ、ＢＦ１和Ｆ２个体、群体的ＰＥ。 相似文献
10.
再生水灌溉对冬小麦不同生育期抗氧化酶系的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对冬小麦再生水灌溉与清水灌溉的比较研究,从作物生理角度确定再生水灌溉的可行性。试验采用不同预处理的城市再生水;同时进行大田和盆栽两种培育方式;以冬小麦叶片为检测样品;以可溶性蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、超氧化物酶（POD）为测定生物学指标作为评价。分别在不同生育期测试了再生水灌溉和清水灌溉冬小麦下,上述指标的差异。结果表明：再生水灌溉与清水灌溉对冬小麦抗氧化酶系的影响没有显著差异,从而说明以再生水灌溉冬小麦是可行的。 相似文献
11.
为进一步完善普通小麦春化特性理论基础,从不同春化特性小麦品种RNA-Seq结果中筛选得到一个春化诱导上调表达的EST序列Unigene3230,经NCBI比对与小麦wcor14a基因序列一致。为进一步明确该基因在春化过程中的功能,利用荧光定量PCR分析了wcor14a基因在非生物胁迫下的表达特性,结果显示,wcor14a基因能够响应低温、ABA、干旱等非生物胁迫。对wcor14a基因在不同春化发育特性小麦品种中的表达分析表明,该基因在不同发育特性小麦品种中的表达总体表现为春性半冬性冬性强冬性,而且表达时间表现为冬性和强冬性早于春性和半冬性。 相似文献
12.
Summary Embryo age and composition of nutrient medium affected plant growth and response to vernalization in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Root and shoot development was more in older than in younger excised embryos, and more in a medium without kinetin than in one with kinetin. Kinetin (2 mg/l) in the medium did not accelerate vernalization, probably because it tended to inhibit seedling and plant growth.Embryo age and media did not completely replace vernalization. Twenty- and 16-day-old embryos responded by flowering after 4 weeks of vernalization. Among plants raised on a standard medium from 20-day-old embryos and vernalized for 4 weeks, 84.2% flowered by or before 50 days after transplanting. Time from embryo culture to heading for 20-day-old embryos with-4-week vernalization averaged 84.6 days. Immature embryos (16–20 days old) needed only 4 weeks of vernalization compared to 6 weeks for mature embryos. Excised embryos could be vernalized as efficiently as seedlings raised by embryo culture. Embryo culture at 16–20 days after anthesis coupled with 4-week cold treatment shortens generation time of winter wheat by about 40 days.Contribution No. 82-131-j, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. 相似文献
13.
Koji Murai Ichiro Tsutui Yuki Kawanishi Shojiro Ikeguchi Mikiko Yanaka Naoyuki Ishikawa 《Euphytica》2008,159(3):315-323
A “two-line system” using photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by Aegilops crassa cytoplasm under long-day photoperiods (≧15 h) has been proposed as a means of producing hybrid varieties in common wheat
(Triticum aestivum). The PCMS line is maintained by self-pollination under short-day conditions, and hybrid seeds can be produced through outcrossing
of the PCMS line with a pollinator line under long-day conditions. Our previous studies revealed that PCMS lines showing complete
male sterility under long-day conditions are necessary for practical hybrid wheat breeding, especially to obtain high hybrid
purity in F1 seeds. Furthermore, practical PCMS lines should have high seed fertility under short-day conditions, which is associated
with female fertility. Wheat cv. Norin 26 with Ae. crassa cytoplasm exhibits high seed fertility under short-day conditions, and cv. Fujimikomugi with Ae. crassa cytoplasm shows high male sterility under long-day conditions. Here we developed practical PCMS lines derived from the F1 generation of Norin 26 and Fujimikomugi (with Ae. crassa cytoplasm) that were then backcrossed to elite wheat lines. 相似文献
14.
Relationship between cold resistance,heading traits and ear primordia development of wheat cultivars
Summary For breeding early heading wheat cultivars with resistance to frost damage which are well adapted to dry areas of West Asia and North Africa, the relationships between winter hardiness, ear primordia development and heading traits, i.e. veernalization requirement, photoperiodic response and narrow-sense earliness, were assessed using a total of 30 genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in an experiment in Syria. The results of artificial freezing tests indicated that cultivars with good winter hardiness were to be found only in the winter wheat cultivars which required 50 or more days of vernalization treatment. These winter wheat cultivars did not initiate internode elongation without vernalization even at 95 days after planting. Thus their ear primordia were still underground and were protected from frost injury at this stage. Photoperiodic response and narrow-sense earliness were not associated with winter hardiness and earliness of internode elongation, but were related to the number of days to heading after planting. This indicated the possibility for breeding early heading cultivars with winter hardiness and tiller frost avoidance by combining high vernalization requirement, short narrow-sense earliness and neutral response to photoperiod. 相似文献
15.
不同光温条件谷子光温互作模式研究及SiCCT基因表达分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
JIA Xiao-Ping YUAN Xi-Lei LI Jian-Feng WANG Yong-Fang ZHANG Xiao-Mei ZHANG Bo QUAN Jian-Zhang DONG Zhi-Ping 《作物学报》2020,46(7):1052-1062
光周期和温度是影响作物生长发育、生态适应性和产量的2个重要环境因素,揭示光温互作对作物生长发育的效应及其分子机制对育种实践和理论研究具有重要意义。本研究设置长日照高温、长日照低温、短日照高温、短日照低温4个光温处理,调查‘黄毛谷’抽穗期、株高、叶片数和穗长。结果表明,光周期对谷子的发育起关键作用,温度的改变不影响长日照比短日照延迟谷子生殖生长的效应,温度的作用随光周期的不同而异,短日照条件下,高温缩短谷子营养生长期而低温延长营养生长期,长日照条件下则相反;对谷子生殖生长的促迚作用是短日照高温短日照低温长日照低温长日照高温。利用RT-PCR技术从‘黄毛谷’叶片兊隆了一个CCT结构域基因(SiCCT),该基因编码286个氨基酸,属于CMF亚家族成员,基于CCT域基因氨基酸序列的系统迚化分析,谷子与高粱、玉米亲缘关系较近。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现, SiCCT基因在‘黄毛谷’叶片中高表达,其次为幼穗和叶鞘;长日照、短日照处理SiCCT基因均表现24h昼夜节律性特点,短日照七叶期表达水平最高,八叶期(抽穗)及穗后表达迅速降低,长日照七叶至十叶期‘黄毛谷’处于营养生长期,SiCCT基因维持较高表达水平;无论高温低温,长日照条件下SiCCT基因在各叶期表达量整体高于短日照处理,长日照条件下低温处理SiCCT基因的相对表达量明显低于高温处理, SiCCT基因的总体表达量与‘黄毛谷’营养生长期存在正相关。总之SiCCT基因受光周期调控,同时也受温度调控,因而推测SiCCT基因参与了光周期途径和感温性途径,并通过二者互作调控谷子营养生长和生殖生长的全过程。 相似文献
16.
温光互作对不同生态型小麦品种发育效应的研究 Ⅰ.品种最长、最短苗穗期及温光敏感性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验在温光互作设计下,通过品种苗穗期(出苗—抽穗)对温光反应的变异分析看出,不同类型品种在不同温光组合下,不仅存在着最短与最长的苗穗期,而且不同类型品种,对温光反应类型不同,春性类型品种对春化基本无反应而对光长反应敏感;强冬性类型品种对春化反应敏感,而对光长必须在一定春化量基础上才表现敏感,并且具有短日代替春化效应。一般冬性类型品种(主要指黄淮麦区的半冬性过渡类型)多为温光兼敏性,无短日春化特性。 相似文献
17.
F. Dubert M. Filek I. Marcinska A. Skoczowski 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1992,168(2):133-141
Excised embryos of winter wheat were submitted to a different number of vernalization (2 °C) and devernalization (20 °C) cycles of different lengths. In all treatments sum of cold and warm intervals was 50 and 10 days, respectively. The influence of different temperature conditions of seedling growth on the effectiveness of vernalization and correlations between effectiveness of vernalization and final content of phospholipid fatty acids were analyzed.
All indexes of generative development of plants (length of vegetative phase, % of generative plants, number of side shoots) showed the most effective was uninterrupted vernalization beginning immediately after excision of embryos. Increasing the number of 2 ° C/20 °C cycles rapidly depressed effectiveness of vernalization, which reached the minimum with the 8.3 days at 2 °C and 2 days at 20 °C cycle and then improved again as cycles became shorter and more numerous.
Correlations between indexes of generative plant growth and indexes describing composition of fatty acids in seedlings showed that from 50 % to 60 % of variability in the composition of phospholipid can be associated with changes in the degree of generative induction. A higher degree of generative induction was associated with a higher share of < 16, 16: 0 and 18:2 acids and a lower share of 18: 3 acid and also with a lower value of the 16: 0/< 16 ratio of phospholipids.
The relation between the generative induction of plants and the composition of phospholipid fatty acids may however be blurred when induction proceeds under conditions of alternate short spells of vernalization and devernalization temperatures. 相似文献
All indexes of generative development of plants (length of vegetative phase, % of generative plants, number of side shoots) showed the most effective was uninterrupted vernalization beginning immediately after excision of embryos. Increasing the number of 2 ° C/20 °C cycles rapidly depressed effectiveness of vernalization, which reached the minimum with the 8.3 days at 2 °C and 2 days at 20 °C cycle and then improved again as cycles became shorter and more numerous.
Correlations between indexes of generative plant growth and indexes describing composition of fatty acids in seedlings showed that from 50 % to 60 % of variability in the composition of phospholipid can be associated with changes in the degree of generative induction. A higher degree of generative induction was associated with a higher share of < 16, 16: 0 and 18:2 acids and a lower share of 18: 3 acid and also with a lower value of the 16: 0/< 16 ratio of phospholipids.
The relation between the generative induction of plants and the composition of phospholipid fatty acids may however be blurred when induction proceeds under conditions of alternate short spells of vernalization and devernalization temperatures. 相似文献
18.
来源不同的参试冬小麦品种 (春小麦品种 )具有对春化 (日长 )反应敏感性远大于对日长(春化 )反应的一般特征。但英国冬小麦兼有中国超强冬性品种的短日效应和冬性品种的春化累积量 ;美国冬性品种则兼有中国强冬性品种的春化累积量和冬性品种的长日反应特性。英、澳春性小麦对春化作用也有微弱反应 ,类似中国南方冬播春性小麦。中国中熟冬麦区温光条件与英美品种温光特性的差异是引种生育期较长、成熟偏晚的主要原因 相似文献
19.
L. D. J. Penrose T. S. Payne M. G. Mosaad G. Ortiz-Ferrara A. Shehadeh 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):153-162
Summary This study sought to identify factors that influence wheat development in the transitional wheat growing zone of northern Syria. Three development factors were studied, intrinsic earliness, and responses to vernalization and to photoperiod. Two sets of wheat were studied, each composed of lines with differing combinations of development factors. Set 1 comprised 20 parental and breeding lines utilized by the CIMMYT/ICARDA facultative and winter wheat breeding program based at Tel Hadya. Set 2 comprised 19 parental and breeding lines utilized by an Australian winter wheat breeding program based at Temora. Field development was recorded in greatest detail at one site. Tel Hadya, using the state of differentiation of the apex of the main tiller of sampled plants. To extend findings, development was also recorded as the time from sowing to ear emergence for later sowings of wheat at Tel Hadya, and in sowings at four other regional sites.The significance of each development factor was tested in multiple regressions that predicted either stage of apical development at Tel Hadya, or time to ear emergence in all trials. It was found that intrinsic earliness was the major factor associated with development, in both sets of wheat. Response to photoperiod had a much smaller and less consistent effect. Response to vernalization had least effect on development, possibly because low temperature in winter delayed development for a longer period than was required to fully vernalize winter wheats. Our results suggested it may not be directly relevant whether spring or winter wheats are grown in the transitional zone of northern Syria. The desired phenotype for the region, of slow development prior to double ridge, then fast development to ear emergence, cannot be simply achieved from combinations of the three development factors. Selection for improved adaptation to the region must continue to rely on direct field observations. 相似文献
20.
The heading characters and morphological traits of two partial sets of wheat–barley disomic addition lines, namely Mv9kr1/Igri and Asakaze/Manas, were evaluated under controlled environmental conditions in a phytotron under long-day, short-day and non-vernalised conditions and in field-sown experiments. The winter barley chromosome additions significantly influenced the flowering time of wheat both in the controlled environment test and under field-sown conditions. Of all the barley addition lines, the effect of the 4H and 7H additions was the most characteristic. The 7H addition lines were the earliest in both cultivar combinations in each treatment. In the Mv9kr1/Igri combination the 4H addition was the latest under all the environmental conditions. In the Asakaze/Manas combination 4H addition was the latest under short-day and long-day illumination in the phytotron but the 6H addition was the latest without vernalisation and in the field in 2012. There was 12 and 11 days difference between the flowering times of the 7H and 4H Mv9kr1/Igri and Asakaze/Manas addition lines in the field in 2012, which increased to 52 and 44 days under short-day illumination in the phytotron. In the winter wheat background, the addition of 2H carrying the photoperiod sensitivity gene Ppd-H1 decreased the flowering time under the short photoperiod regime, but had a very strong delaying effect under field-grown conditions. Considering the yield components under field conditions, 4H was the most fertile of the addition lines, while 7H showed the highest tillering capacity, and Igri 3H had good tillering capacity and the highest number of seeds per plant. 相似文献