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蛋白质营养水平对工蜂初生重和咽下腺发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用不同配比的茶花粉和黄豆粉饲料饲喂蜂群,测定后代工蜂的初生重和咽下腺宽度。结果发现,饲喂100％茶花粉与饲喂“75％茶花粉＋25％黄豆粉”的蜂群,所育工蜂的初生重差异不显著,与饲喂100％黄豆粉的蜂群相比,差异极显著;饲喂100％茶花粉与饲喂“75％茶花粉＋25％黄豆粉”的蜂群相比,6日龄、9日龄、12日龄工蜂咽下腺宽度差异均不显著,与饲喂100％黄豆粉的蜂群相比,6日龄、9日龄差异不显著,而12日龄差异显著。本试验结果表明,蛋白质营养水平对工蜂初生重和咽下腺发育均具有显著的影响。 相似文献
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分别测定30只5、10、15和20日龄的“浙农大1号”意蜂（Apis mellifera ligustica）的咽下腺小囊数并进行方差分析，发现不同发育阶段的工蜂的小囊数差异不显著。观察比较“浙农大1号”意蜂（Ea）和原意（Ee）工蜂不同发育日龄（1-31日）的咽下腺小囊的显微形态的变化情况。结果发现，Ea工蜂的咽下腺小囊从4日龄开始内容物丰富且呈乳白色，进入泌浆高峰期，到17日龄时仍可见丰富的内容物，而Ee的泌浆高峰期则是6到12日龄，Ea比Ee的泌浆期长7-8天。因此，从咽下腺小囊生理发育形态的变化，很好地解释了Ea王浆产量高于Ee的现象。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加硬脂酸对工蜂10-羟基-2-癸烯酸（10-HDA）合成的影响,为高品质蜂王浆的生产提供技术指导。选取群势相近的浙江浆蜂10群,随机分成2组,对照组和硬脂酸组,每个组5群。试验期间,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,硬脂酸组在基础饲粮中添加2%的硬脂酸。整个试验期为75 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,外源供给2%的硬脂酸显著降低了工蜂的总采食量和粉料采食量（P<0.05）,显著降低了第24天蜂群群势（P<0.05）,但对各时间点（第12天、第24天和第36天）蜂群封盖子数量没有显著影响（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比,外源供给2%的硬脂酸显著提高了蜂王浆中10-HDA的含量（P<0.05）,但对蜂王浆产量没有显著影响（P>0.05）;外源供给2%的硬脂酸显著增加了9和18日龄工蜂头部10-HDA含量（P <0.05）。3）与对照组相比,外源供给2%的硬脂酸显著提高了18日龄工蜂上颚腺中10-HDA合成相关基因脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）、细胞色素P450 6AS8 (CYP6AS8)、酰基辅酶A氧化酶1(ACOX1)、酰基辅酶A氧化酶3(ACO... 相似文献
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Rosendo A Iannuccelli N Gilbert H Riquet J Billon Y Amigues Y Milan D Bidanel JP 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(1):37-44
A QTL analysis of female reproductive data from a 3-generation experimental cross between Meishan and Large White pig breeds is presented. Six F(1) boars and 23 F(1) sows, progeny of 6 Large White boars and 6 Meishan sows, produced 502 F(2) gilts whose reproductive tract was collected after slaughter at 30 d of gestation. Five traits [i.e., the total weight of the reproductive tract, of the empty uterine horns, of the ovaries (WOV), and of the embryos], as well as the length of uterine horns (LUH), were measured and analyzed with and without adjustment for litter size. Animals were genotyped for a total of 137 markers covering the entire porcine genome. Analyses were carried out based on interval mapping methods, using a line-cross regression and a half-full sib maximum likelihood test. A total of 18 genome-wide significant (P < 0.05) QTL were detected on 9 different chromosomes (i.e., SSC 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 18, and X). Five genome-wide significant QTL were detected for LUH, 4 for weight of the empty uterine horns and WOV, 2 for total weight of the reproductive tract, and 1 for weight of the embryos. Twenty-two additional suggestive QTL were also detected. The largest effects were obtained for LUH and WOV on SSC13 (9.2 and 7.0% of trait phenotypic variance, respectively). Meishan alleles had both positive (e.g., on SSC7) and negative effects (e.g., on SSC13) on the traits investigated. Moreover, the QTL were generally not fixed in founder breeds, and opposite effects were in some cases obtained in different families. Although reproductive tract characteristics had only a moderate correlation with reproductive performances, most of the major QTL detected in this study were previously reported as affecting female reproduction, generally with reduced significance levels. This study thus shows that focusing on traits with high heritability might help to detect loci involved in low heritability major traits for breeding. 相似文献
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本试验利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS)对幼年工蜂进行代谢组学分析,旨在探究不同人工饲粮对幼年工蜂生长发育及生理代谢的影响,为蜂王邮寄的人工饲粮配制提供一定理论依据。试验选取1日龄的意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)300只,分为5组,分别饲喂5种人工饲粮,每组30只工蜂。对照组饲粮:蔗糖粉∶蜂蜜=3∶1;试验组A饲粮:蔗糖粉∶蜂粮∶蜂蜜=6∶5∶1;试验组B饲粮:蔗糖粉∶蜂粮∶蜂蜜=6∶3∶1;试验组C饲粮:蔗糖粉∶花粉∶蜂蜜=6∶5∶1;试验组D饲粮:蔗糖粉∶花粉∶蜂蜜=6∶3∶1。用5种人工饲粮进行室内喂养,记录蜜蜂7 d内的死亡数量;解剖试验组A和对照组第1、3、5、7天的工蜂咽下腺,测定其平均重量、颜色和饱满度;采用LC-MS方法检测试验组A和对照组蜜蜂饲喂7 d后的代谢物差异,对检测数据进行模式识别分析,筛选并鉴别差异代谢物。结果表明:1)对照组和试验组A蜜蜂第1~5天时均没有出现死亡,在第6和7天时试验组A蜜蜂死亡数量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组B、C、D的蜜蜂在6 d内全部死亡。2)试验组A第7天时的蜜蜂咽下腺平均重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),咽下腺颜色为全部乳白色,且咽下腺小体饱满。3)采用主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘法判别方法(PLS-DA)和正交偏最小二乘方-判别分析(OPLS-DA)分析代谢组数据,结果显示试验组A和对照组明显分离,共鉴定出23个差异代谢物,包括氨基酸、脂类、糖类等,其中有10种代谢物上调,13种代谢物下调。差异代谢物通路分析发现,差异极显著的通路有牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸生物合成通路、赖氨酸降解通路、戊糖磷酸盐代谢通路、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸相互转化通路(P<0.01),差异显著的通路有氨基酸的生物合成通路,色氨酸代谢通路,碳代谢通路,丁酸代谢通路,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢通路,丙酮酸代谢通路(P<0.05)。由此可见,试验组A的饲粮更适合蜜蜂工蜂的生长发育和生存,在邮寄环境中可代替常用的炼糖饲粮。 相似文献
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利用RAD-seq简化基因组测序鉴定狼山鸡保种群个体基因组SNP标记,计算个体(间)分子近交系数和分子亲缘系数,结合系谱信息组建高、低近交两个试验组。分析后代繁殖性状近交衰退系数,评价近交对繁殖性状的影响。结果显示:利用FROH、FGRM、FHOM和FUNI四种分子近交系数结合亲缘系数kin估算的后代分子近交系数较为一致。低近交组后代的平均分子近交系数小于0.04,高近交组(6个家系)后代的平均分子近交系数介于0.14~0.25。近交对各繁殖性状的效应表现并不一致。高近交组后代母鸡开产日龄、300日龄产蛋数发生显著衰退(P<0.05,P<0.01),且与分子近交系数呈显著相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);开产体重和开产蛋重未发生显著性衰退(P>0.05)。研究结果为进一步探讨狼山鸡繁殖性状近交衰退分子机制提供了基础。 相似文献
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The present study was conducted on 1,002 reproductive records of 430 Jersey crossbred cattle, descended from 57 sires and 198 dams, maintained at the Eastern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India to investigate the influence of direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effect on three most important reproductive traits viz., number of service per conception (NSPC), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) of Jersey crossbred cattle. Six single-trait animal models (including or excluding maternal genetic or permanent environmental effects) were fitted to analyse these traits, and the best model was chosen after testing the significant increase in the log-likelihood values when additional parameters were added in the model. Direct heritability estimates for NSPC, DO and CI from the best model were 0.10, 0.14 and 0.20, respectively. The maternal permanent environmental (c2) effects on reproductive traits accounted for almost negligible fraction of the total phenotypic variance in this study. The maternal genetic effects (m2) also contributed very little (0%–3%) to the total phenotypic variance except for CI where it was important and accounted for 20% of phenotypic variance. A significantly large negative genetic correlation was observed between direct and maternal genetic effects for all traits, suggesting the presence of antagonistic relationship between dam's direct additive component and daughter's additive genetic component. Results suggest that both direct and maternal effects were important only for CI but not for other traits. Therefore, both direct additive effects and maternal genetic effect need to be considered for improving this trait by selection. 相似文献
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采用PCR-SSCP方法检测京海黄鸡、AA鸡、尤溪麻鸡、边鸡4个鸡品种STAT5b基因5′调控区部分序列的多态性,并分析其对京海黄鸡生长和繁殖性状的遗传效应,利用PHASE软件对2个多态位点进行单倍型分析。在5′调控区检测到C-1591T、G-250A 2个SNPs;单倍型分析产生4种单倍型H1(CG)、H2(TG)、H3(CA)、H4(TA),单倍型组合H1H4对初生重有极显著影响(P0.01);单倍型组合H3H4与8、16周龄体重存在正相关(P0.05),单倍型组合H1H2对开产蛋重有极显著影响(P0.01);单倍型组合H3H4的开产体重极显著高于其他单倍型组合(P0.01);在300日龄体重上,单倍型组合H1H1和H1H3显著高于H4H4(P0.05)。京海黄鸡STAT5b基因5′调控区的多态性对其生长和繁殖性状有一定影响,但是否可以作为影响京海黄鸡生产性状的遗传标记需进一步研究。 相似文献
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Allelic frequencies and association with carcass traits of six genes in local subpopulations of Japanese Black cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 Takahiro Nishimaki Takayuki Ibi Siqintuya Naohiko Kobayashi Tamako Matsuhashi Takayuki Akiyama Emi Yoshida Kazumi Imai Mayu Matsui Keiichi Uemura Hisayoshi Eto Naoto Watanabe Tatsuo Fujita Yosuke Saito Tomohiko Komatsu Hiroshi Hoshiba Hideyuki Mannen Shinji Sasazaki Tetsuo Kunieda 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):469-476
Marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is expected to accelerate the genetic improvement of Japanese Black cattle. However, verification of the effects of the genes for MAS in different subpopulations is required prior to the application of MAS. In this study, we investigated the allelic frequencies and genotypic effects for carcass traits of six genes, which can be used in MAS, in eight local subpopulations. These genes are SCD, FASN and SREBP1, which are associated with the fatty acid composition of meat, and NCAPG, MC1R and F11, which are associated with carcass weight, coat color and blood coagulation abnormality, respectively. The frequencies of desirable alleles of SCD and FASN were relatively high and that of NCAPG was relatively low, and NCAPG was significantly associated with several carcass traits, including carcass weight. The proportions of genotypic variance explained by NCAPG to phenotypic variance were 4.83 for carcass weight. We thus confirmed that NCAPG is a useful marker for selection of carcass traits in these subpopulations. In addition, we found that the desirable alleles of six genes showed no negative effects on carcass traits. Therefore, selection using these genes to improve target traits should not have negative impacts on carcass traits. 相似文献
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封闭群五指山小型猪主要繁殖性状的多重回归与通径分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验选取45头普通级封闭群五指山小型猪初产母猪,测定总产仔数(X1)、初生活仔数(X2)、初生窝重(X3)、初生个体重(X4)、21 d活仔数(X5)、21 d窝重(X6)、21 d个体重(X7)、断奶活仔数(X8)、断奶个体重(X9)和断奶窝重(Y)等10个繁殖性状表型值,并对各繁殖性状表型值进行相关、回归及通径分析,以揭示母猪繁殖性状间的真实关系。结果显示,封闭群五指山小型猪的绝大多数繁殖性状的表型值间存在显著正相关,有3对性状间存在较弱负相关。通过多重回归分析建立的估计断奶窝重的多元回归方程为:Y=－4.98690－2.61933X5+1.13628X6－7.55296X7+3.33048X8+6.74545X9,并且形成了三因素水平的性状间因果关系层次。通径分析剖析了相关性状间的直接效应和间接效应,显示X5~X9对断奶窝重有显著性直接影响,表明母猪的泌乳力和营养水平对其繁殖性能有显著影响,先天性繁殖性状对繁殖性能影响较小。 相似文献
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Kourosh Mohammadi Mohammad Taghi Beigi Nassiri Enayat Rahmatnejad Masoud Sheikh Jamal Fayazi Amin Karimi Manesh 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(2):671-677
This study reports on the phenotypic and genetic (co)variance components for reproductive traits in Zandi sheep, using between 1,859 and 2,588 records obtained from 577 ewes. The data were collected from the Khojir Breeding Station of Zandi sheep in Tehran, Iran from 1994 to 2008. The basic traits were litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter mean weight per lamb born (LMWLB), and litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW), and the composite traits were total litter weight at birth (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW). Genetic analyses were carried out using the restricted maximum likelihood method that was explored by fitting the additive direct genetic effects and permanent environmental effects of the ewes as random effects and the ewe age at lambing and lambing year as fixed effects for all of the investigated traits. Akaike’s information criterion was used to choose the most appropriate model. LSB, LSW, LMWLB, LMWLW, TLWB, and TLWW direct heritability estimates were 0.07, 0.05, 0.12, 0.10, 0.08, and 0.14, respectively. The estimated fractions of variance due to the permanent environmental effects of the ewe ranged from 0.03 for LMWLB to 0.08 for LMWLW and TLWW. Corresponding repeatability estimates ranged from 0.10 for LSW to 0.22 for TLWW. Direct genetic correlations varied from ?0.61 for LSB–LMWLB to 0.88 for LSB–LSW and LSB–TLWB. Results indicate that genetic change depends not only on the heritability of traits, but also on the observed phenotypic variation; therefore, improvement of non-genetic factors should be included in the breeding programs. 相似文献
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撒坝猪血清蛋白基因型交配组合与繁殖性能的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（ＰＡＧＥ） 对撒坝猪前白蛋白（ＰＡ） 、转铁蛋白（ＴＦ） 、酯酶（ＥＳ） 、淀粉酶（ＡＭ） 和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）５ 个血清蛋白位点的多态性进行了检测，并根据最小二乘原理对不同蛋白基因型交配组合与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明，所检测的５ 个血清蛋白位点均处于Ｈａｒｄｙ －Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ 平衡状态；除ＡＫＰ 位点外，ＰＡ、ＴＦ、ＥＳ 和ＡＭ 不同基因型交配组合在部分繁殖性状上均表现出显著差异。表明血清蛋白基因型交配组合与繁殖性能之间存在着一定的相关。 相似文献