共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The inheritance of testa (seed coat) colour and interaction of cotyledon and testa colours were studied in seven crosses of
lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) involving parents with black, brown, tan or green testa and with orange, yellow or dark green cotyledons. Analysis
of F2 and F3 seed harvested from F1 and F2 plants, respectively, revealed that although black testa is dominant over nonblack testa, its penetrance is not complete
since both F1 plants and heterozygous F2 plants produced varying proportions of seeds with either black or nonblack testa. The F2 populations of the crosses between parents with brown and tan, as well as brown and green, testa segregated in the ratio
of 3 brown : 1 tan and 3 brown : 1 green, respectively, indicating monogenic dominance of brown testa colour over tan or green.
The expression of testa colour was influenced by cotyledon colour when parents with brown or green testa are crossed with
those having orange or green cotyledons. Thus F2 seeds from these crosses with a green testa always had green cotyledons and never orange cotyledons. F2 seeds from these crosses with a brown testa always had orange cotyledons and never green cotyledons. These results suggest
diffusion of a soluble pigment from the cotyledons to the testa.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Summary The effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) was studied on a wide range of crosses between various garden roses and two hardy breeding lines. Although there were fewer seeds per fruit, fruit set was higher in most crosses when GA3 was applied to the stigma at the rate of 250 ppm ten days after pollination. However, higher fruit set did not result in more seeds per pollination for many crosses and seemed to be related to the degree of male parentage. Both parents used had a major effect on pollination success. Recently developed Rosa cultivars have a narrow genetic base and the use of distantly related cultivars as parents would possibly give a high seed set and greater numbers of progeny.Contribution No. 335/90.08.01R, Experimental Farm, L'Assomption; Contribution No. Ro 44, Research Program Service, Ottawa. 相似文献
3.
CO2浓度升高和施氮对冬小麦花前贮存碳氮转运的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨大气CO2浓度升高对冬小麦花前贮存碳氮转运的影响及氮素营养的调节作用,以小偃22和小偃6号为材料,于2007—2009连续2个生长季,利用开顶式气室进行盆栽试验,对背景CO2浓度(375 μL L-1)和高CO2浓度(2007—2008年度680 μL L-1, 2008—2009年度750 μL L-1)条件下不同施氮处理的干物质和氮素在籽粒、花前地上部中的累积以及花后营养器官的转运进行了评价。2007—2008年度设4个施氮水平,分别是0、0.1、0.2和0.3 g kg-1土; 2008—2009年度设3个施氮水平,分别是0、0.15和0.30 g kg-1土。结果表明,施氮和CO2浓度升高促进了干物质和氮素在籽粒和花前营养器官的积累,增加了花前营养器官和地上部贮存干物质和氮素向籽粒的转运量,适量施氮提高了CO2浓度升高对花前营养器官干物质和氮素累积以及花后向籽粒转运的正向效应。与背景CO2浓度相比,高CO2浓度提高了花前营养器官和地上部干物质对籽粒产量的贡献率和转运率,但CO2浓度升高对花前氮素的贡献率和转运率的影响因年份和品种而异。CO2浓度升高后,2007—2008年度各营养器官和地上部,以及2008—2009年度茎鞘和穗的氮素贡献率和转运率均增加,但2008—2009年度2个品种叶片和地上部氮素贡献率在施氮时均显著降低,小偃22叶片和地上部氮素转运率在各施氮水平下以及小偃6号地上部氮素转运率在0.13 g kg-1土施氮水平下均明显增加。适量施氮也在大多数情况下增强了CO2浓度升高对营养器官干物质和氮素的贡献率和转运率的正向效应。说明CO2浓度升高后小麦产量和氮素积累增加与其促进花前干物质和氮素积累及花后向籽粒的转运密切相关。 相似文献
4.
D. Globerson 《Euphytica》1969,18(2):249-255
Summary White fruited plants from the variety White bush were crossed to green and striped fruit in order to study the inheritance of white fruit in summer squash. The genetic ratio suggested that green fruit is controlled by two genes, C and R, and that one (C) has a dominant epistatic control. The white fruit is determined as ccrr. A third fruit color group appeared in the F2, F3 and BC1, having white fruit after anthesis which changed to green during development. The genetic control for this fruit is suggested to be ccR..The green striped fruit showed a simple dominance (St) over the plain white.The dark stem of the Zucchini variety showed single gene dominance (D) over the light green stem.It was found that an association exists between the nonpersistent fruit color and dark green stem, and between white fruit and light green stem.Contribution from the Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Bet Dagan, Israel. 1968 Series; No. 1437E. 相似文献
5.
Summary Research was carried out into the cause of a disorder occurring in seed plants of carrots characterized by backward fruits and resulting in a reduced seed yield.It appeared that both fertilization and initial development of the endosperm and embryo were normal, but that later on a sudden check in the growth of the fruit occurred, accompanied by disintegration of the contents of the ovule.Bugs of the species Lygus campestris L. were found to occur in considerable numbers on the seed plants of carrots. In experiments a reduced seed production with the same macroscopic and microscopic symptoms could be obtained when bugs were added to caged carrot umbels.It could be established that the presence of bugs caused not only a reduction in the seed production due to abortion of endosperm and embryo, but also a reduction in the germination percentage of the full-grown seeds due to embryolessness.When the bugs were brought on the umbels before or during anthesis the reduction in seed viability and expecially the reduction in seed production proved to be more serious than when the bugs were added after anthesis. 相似文献
6.
Summary In two highly self incompatible inbred lines of Brussels sprouts the effect of increased atmospheric humidity post pollination was examined immediately following 1) hand pollination of green buds and open flowers, and 2) blowfly pollination of open flowers. Data were obtained for mean number of seeds set per pollination, mean number of fruits setting seed, and mean number of seeds produced per fruit which set for both varieties. Measured as number of seeds produced per minute spent pollinating, it was clear that open flower pollination followed by high humidity conditions was a much more efficient method of producing inbred line seed (46 seeds/minute) than green bud pollination (27 seeds/minute). 相似文献
7.
A. Elgersma 《Euphytica》1990,51(2):163-171
Summary Seed yield in perennial ryegrass is low and unpredictable. Spaced-plant traits suitable for indirect selection for total seed yield in drilled plots would be very useful. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate genetic variation for seed yield components and other traits among clones from three perennial ryegrass cultivars differing in seed yield and their open-pollinated progenies. Per cultivar, a random set of 50 genotypes was cloned and on each genotype seed was generated by open pollination. Clonal ramets of the parents were observed for 17 traits in 1986 at two locations. In 1987 and 1988, parents and progenies were observed as single plants in a randomized complete block design with two replications. There was little cultivar-environment interaction for most traits. The parents differed significantly for almost all traits. Half-sib (HS) families differed for only three to five traits. Broad-sense heritabilities (h2
b), based on variance components of the parents, were moderate to high; earliness had the highest hb
2. Narrow-sense heritabilities (h2
n), based on variance components among HS-families, were low to moderate and mostly not significant; for most traits h2
n estimates varied between years and cultivars. Flag leaf width and date of first anthesis showed the highest h2
n. Narrow-sense heritability estimates from parent-offspring regressions (h2
nPO) ranged from non-significant to high, depending on year and cultivar; they were generally higher than the corresponding h2
n estimates. Generally, h2
nPO was highest for earliness, flag leaf width, ear length and the number of spikelets per ear. Breeding methods that capitalize on additive genetic variance, such as mass selection, should result in improvement for these traits. 相似文献
8.
Summary Four populations of linseed derived from five parents were advanced from the F2 to the F6 generation by SSD and to the F5 by pedigree selection. These populations were used to compare the efficiency of the two methods in order to provide superior genotypes with respect to grain yield and oil content, i.e. oil yield. The results showed minimum differences between pedigree and SSD lines for grain yield, where in only one cross the SSD lines were significantly superior to the pedigree lines. Since pedigree selection was carried out for both, seed yield and oil content, a positive response to selection was expected. However, early selection for yield, a character with low heritability, was not successful. On the contrary, significant differences for oil content were detected between the two groups of lines in three of the four crosses studied. In these cases the pedigree lines were superior to the SSD lines. These results demonstrate that strict selection in early generations for oil content, a character with comparatively high heritability, is feasible and successful in linseed. However, selection for seed yield should be postponed to later inbred generations. Consequently, in breeding for maximum oil yield of linseed a two-step selection procedure is recommended.Abbreviations PS
pedigree selection
- SSD
single seed descent
- TGW
thousand grain weight 相似文献
9.
An intraspecific (Tetir × ILL 323) and an interspecific (Alpo × L. odemensis) lentil hybrid were multiplied in vitro in three consecutive micropropagation cycles to increase the production of F2 seeds. Cloning efficiencies were slightly higher for Tetir × ILL323 (83%) compared to Alpo × L. odemensis (67%). A total of 982 F2 seeds were produced in the experiment with Alpo × L. odemensis, consisting of the 334 F2 seeds of the original hybrid and 648 F2 seeds produced by the 12 plants cloned; consequently, F2 seed production was increased three-fold over the original hybrid (194%). A total of 6050 F2 seeds were produced in the experiment with Tetir × ILL 323, made up of the 483 F2 seeds of the original hybrid and 5567 F2 seeds produced by the 15 plants cloned; therefore, F2 seed production was increased by more than twelve-fold over the original hybrid (1153%). In both hybrids the F2 seed production of cloned plants diminished in the three consecutive multiplication cycles, with the plants having experienced
less vegetative development. In lentil, F2 seed production of cloned plants is related for the first time to the length of their period of vegetative development. In
conclusion, micropropagation of hybrids is an interesting tool to construct from a single individual large F1 populations that enable to increase by a manifold the production of F2 seeds useful for genetic studies and breeding. 相似文献
10.
[目的]研究多花黄精果实最佳采收期和种子调制方法.[方法]9月1日-11月1日每15d采收1次多花黄精果实,分析果实的颜色比例、百果重、百果体积、果实的纵径、横径和果实硬度;不同采收期的种子不同调制处理,分析种子千粒重、发霉率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势.[结果]绿果和半墨绿果的果实成熟度低,墨绿果的果实成熟度高;10月1日未见绿果和半墨绿果,黑软果出现;11月1日干枯果出现.9月1日、9月15日、10月1日采收的绿果分别发酵20,19,16d和墨绿果分别发酵19,16,4d种子质量最好;10月15日和11月1日采收的果实直接搓洗的种子质量较好.[结论]在种子生产中应该采摘墨绿果、黑软果和干枯果.10月1日至10月15日是贵州六枝地区的多花黄精果实最佳采收日期,此时绿果和墨绿果分别发酵16d和阴干处理的种子质量最好. 相似文献
11.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2004,31(2):201-212
Antifungal activity against the pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, and a bioassay organism, Cladosporium cladosporioides, declined with advancing strawberry fruit maturity as shown by thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioassays. Preformed antifungal activity was also present in flower tissue. The fall in fruit antifungal compounds was correlated with a decline in natural disease resistance (NDR) against B. cinerea in planta. Crude extracts of green stage I fruit (7 days after anthesis) contained at least two preformed antifungal compounds (Rf=0.44 and 0.37) that were not present in white and red stage fruit. These compounds were shown with TLC reagent sprays to be neither phenolics nor alkaloids. Positive reactions to Ehrlich’s reagent suggested that Rf=0.37 was a terpene. Most antifungal activity was found in the achenes of green stage I fruit. However, antifungal activity was found in all tissue types (viz. pith, cortex, epidermis) of green stage I fruit. TLC bioassays revealed that all fruit stages yielded antifungal activity at the origin (Rf=0.00). The approximate area of fungal inhibition at the origin in green stage 1 fruit extracts was 1.87- and 1.73-fold greater than in white and red stages, respectively. TLC reagent sprays showed that the antifungal compound(s) at origin included phenolics. This observation is consistent with previous reports that phenolic compounds in strawberry fruit are inhibitory to B. cinerea. 相似文献
12.
为明确干旱胁迫对小麦穗部花前同化物合成和转运的影响,选用旱地品种西农928和水分敏感品种郑引1号,通过14CO2标记技术研究了水分亏缺下穗部光合特性及穗部花前同化物的转运和分配规律。水分亏缺条件下,西农928灌浆前期、中期的穗部净光合速率、颖壳中叶绿素含量及可溶性总糖含量略有下降,而郑引1号显著下降。成熟期西农928的水分利用效率上升1.7% (P>0.05),籽粒中14C-同化物分配率略降3.2% (P>0.05);而郑引1号水分利用效率下降16.9% (P<0.05),籽粒中花前14C-同化物分配率上升7.8% (P<0.05)。试验表明,水分亏缺对西农928穗部光合的影响有限; 适度水分亏缺促进了水分敏感品种郑引1号颖壳及内外稃中花前14C-同化物向籽粒的转运, 相对提高了其穗部花前光合同化物对籽粒灌浆的贡献率。 相似文献
13.
Summary For haploid plant production in Idared apple, parthenogenesisin situ was induced by irradiated pollen. The most important restrictions were seed set, embryo germination and green plant recovery
from germinated embryos. The efficiency of green plant production was strongly influenced by irradiation dose, picking time
and quality of the irradiated pollen. 250 Gy pollen was more efficient for green plant production than 500 Gy pollen. Using
250 Gy pollen with reduced germination capacity resulted in a five-fold lower green plant yield. Delaying picking of the fruits
(140 instead of 70 days after pollination) had a significant positive effect. Up to 20 plants per 1000 pollinated flowers,
showing no expression of a marker gene present in the pollen parent, were obtained in some treatments.
Induction efficiency was high when seed weight was high. This offers the possibility of selecting seeds with the best chances
for haploid plant production. Heavy seeds generally contained visual normal developed embryos, which germinated better than
those from lighter seeds and gave normal plant development. Delayed picking increased the proportion of large seeds, suggesting
that pollination with irradiated pollen retards embryo development. From treatments with irradiated pollen of poor quality
more small seeds were harvested. 相似文献
14.
Because of astringency at harvest, ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmons are regularly submitted to deastringency treatment based on exposing fruit to a high CO2 concentration. The treatment conditions that ensure total astringency removal throughout the various maturity stages have been determined to be 95% CO2, 20 °C, 24 h. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the redox state of persimmon fruit associated with this deastringency treatment. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (O2− and H2O2), and the activities of the main ROS scavenging enzymes (CAT, POD, APX, and SOD), were determined at harvest and after deastringency in fruit at three different maturity stages.Our results showed that during ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon maturation, the level of O2− gradually increased, while APX activity was lowered. The deastringency treatment with CO2 induced oxidative stress in the fruit, observed as an over-accumulation of O2− and H2O2. As a response to ROS accumulation, the activities of the CAT, APX and SOD scavenging enzymes were up-regulated after deastringency treatment. The response of POD enzyme was dependent on maturity stage, showing enhanced activity after CO2 treatment only for the fruit at the most mature stage. 相似文献
15.
Polyamines have been shown to stimulate fruit set and the initial phase of fruit development in several crops. The effect of exogenous application of putrescine on ovary development and seed set of cotton under high temperature stress was investigated under controlled environmental conditions. Putrescine was applied to floral buds of cotton, 24 h prior to anthesis, and caused a significant increase in putrescine content of cotton ovaries collected at anthesis compared with the control treatment. However, there was no increase in spermidine and spermine. High temperature (38 °C) significantly decreased the spermidine content of cotton ovaries in both years of the study compared with the untreated control (30 °C). Spermine was significantly decreased in the high temperature treatment the first year of the study; however, this result was not consistent for the second year. Ovarian putrescine concentration was not affected by the high temperature treatment. Increased temperatures in this study decreased seed set in cotton flowers; however, exogenous application of putrescine ameliorated the negative effect of high temperature on seed set, as expressed by the number of seeds per cotton boll. This was evident in both years of the study. Exogenous application of Putrescine increased the level of putrescine in cotton flowers, which was associated with increased seed set despite the negative effect of increased temperature. 相似文献
16.
Summary A cross was made between a unique highly branched, early flowering line, U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 846-1 (P1; 7 to 11 lateral branches), and ‘Topmark’ (P2; 2 to 4 lateral branches), a U.S. Western Shipping melon, to produce an array of 119 F3 families. Subsequently, a genetic analysis was conducted at Arlington and Hancock, Wisconsin in 2001 to evaluate the segregating
progeny for factors likely involved in yield-formation, including days to anthesis, percentage of plants with early pistillate
flowering, primary branch number, fruit number and weight per plant, average weight per fruit, percentage of plants with predominantly
crown fruit set, and percentage of plants with early maturing fruit. Although, genotype × environment (G × E) interactions
were important for some traits (e.g., fruit number and fruit weight), considerable additive and/or dominance variance was
detected for all traits. This research provides critical data associated with highly branched melon germplasm including trait
correlations and heritabilies (broad- and narrow-sense ranged between 0.28 and 0.91) that used judiciously will allow the
development high yielding melon cultivars with early, basally concentrated fruit suitable for once-over or machine harvesting
operations. 相似文献
17.
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([eCO2]) increases the yield of wheat mainly by increasing grain number, but effects on single grain weight are variable. It is discussed whether single grain growth is limited by the sink or the source size under a non-stress environment. This study explores the effect of e[CO2] combined with varying N supply on the source and sink size during grain filling. Source size was defined as the amount of stem reserves per grain (SRG) and the proportion of incident radiation intercepted by the green canopy per grain (fIRG) at anthesis. Data from a 2-year free-air CO2 enrichment experiment with wheat with three N levels (on average 38 [Nd], 190 [Nad] and 320 kg N ha−1 [Nex]) and two CO2 levels (393 and 600 ppm) on SRG, fIRG and grain filling rate (GFR) and duration (GFD) were evaluated. SRG ranged from 2.5 to 12.9 mg and fIRG from 4.0 × 0.001% to 6.8 x 0.001%. Rising N supply or e[CO2] decreased SRG and fIRG via their increases in grain number. Accordingly, there was a negative linear relationship between grain number and SRG (r2 ≥ 0.84) or fIRG (r2 ≥ 0.97). Increasing N supply decreased GFR, but increased GFD, and GFR was increased by e[CO2] under Nad and Nex. For GFR and final grain weight, there was a strong positive (r2 ≥ 0.85), and for GFD, a strong negative linear relationship (r2 ≥ 0.76) with fIRG under Nad and Nex. Under these N levels, fIRG supplied the largest share (>86%) for grain growth and thus single grain growth was possibly source limited under Nad and Nex. Under high grain number such as under Nex and e[CO2], there might be a risk for low final grain weight due to the low SRG that is insufficient for buffering assimilate shortage under unfavourable environmental conditions in early grain filling. 相似文献
18.
Standard quality parameters, consumer acceptability, emission of volatile compounds and ethylene production of ‘Mondial Gala®’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) were determined in relation to storage atmosphere, storage period and shelf-life period. Fruit were harvested at the commercial date and stored in AIR (21 kPa O2:0.03 kPa CO2) or under three different controlled atmospheres (CAs): LO (2 kPa O2:2 kPa CO2), ULO1 (1 kPa O2:1 kPa CO2), or ULO2 (1 kPa O2:2 kPa CO2). Fruit samples were analysed after 12 and 26 weeks of storage plus 1 or 7 d at 20 °C.Apples stored in CA maintained better standard quality parameters than AIR-stored fruit. The volatile compounds that contributed most to the characteristic aroma of ‘Mondial Gala®’ apples after storage were butyl, hexyl and 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl propanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl, butyl and hexyl 2-methylbutanoate. Data obtained from fruit analysis were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). The apples most accepted by consumers showed the highest emission of ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate, tert-butyl propanoate and ethyl acetate, in addition to the highest titratable acidity and firmness values. 相似文献
19.
Seungho Cho Jagdish Kumar Jeff L. Shultz K. Anupama F. Tefera Fred J. Muehlbauer 《Euphytica》2002,128(2):285-292
Seed traits are important considerations for improving yield and product quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The purpose of this study was to construct an intraspecific genetic linkage map and determine map positions of genes
that confer double podding and seed traits using a population of 76 F10 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of ‘ICCV-2’ (large seeds and single pods) × ‘JG-62’ (small seeds and
double podded). We used 55 sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMS), 20 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), 3inter-simple
sequence repeats (ISSR) and 2 phenotypic markers to develop a genetic map that comprised 14 linkage groups covering297.5 cM.
The gene for double podding (s) was mapped to linkage group 6 and linked to Tr44 and Tr35 at a distance of7.8 cM and 11.5 cM, respectively. The major gene
for pigmentation, C, was mapped to linkage group 8 and was loosely linked to Tr33 at a distance of 13.5 cM. Four QTLs for 100 seed weight (located
on LG4 and LG9), seed number plant-1 (LG4), days to 50% flower (LG3) were identified. This intraspecific map of cultivated chickpea is the first that includes
genes for important morphological traits. Synteny relationships among STMS markers appeared to be conserved on six linkage
groups when our map was compared to the interspecific map presented by Winter et al. (2000).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
The changes in photosynthetic rate and translocation of photosynthates in winter wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) grown in lysimeters were studied, in response to periodic soil water deficit during late tillering and flowering stages. Soil water deficits were imposed to previously nonstressed plants during late tillering and flowering states. Timing of irrigation was scheduled according to the ratio between irrigation water applied and cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) of 0.75 (low deficit), and 0.5 (moderate deficit), as well as by suspending irrigations after crown root initiation stage (severe deficit). To determine the rate of photosynthesis, a short radioactive pulse of 14CO2 with 300 ppm concentration was given to second leaf from the top at tillering, and to the flag leaf at flowering stages for 20 second exposure time. The translocation of photosynthates was estimated by scanning 14C activity in different plant parts. In late tillering the midday Photosynthetic rate (PR) was significantly 3 mg CO2 dm?2 h?1 lower under low water deficit (WD1) than under zero water deficit (WD0). Under higher stress conditions, soil water acted as a limiting factor to keep the rate from rising above 13.2 during stress at late tillering (WD2), 14.5 flowering (WD4), and 10.0 mg CO2 dm?2 h?1 for stress at both the growth stages (WD5), respectively. The difference in daily accumulated photosynthesis (8 h), between stressed and nonstressed were 15, 40, 42, and 77 mg CO2 dm?2 h?1 respectively at WD1 WD2, WD4, and WD5. The retention of 14C in flag leaf decreased considerably after 24 hours of exposure time when the labelled assimilates were translocated in bulk to the ear head. Under stressed condition a general trend was observed for upward translocation of assimilates towards the ear, even from the stem and root. The percent 14C activity observed in ear after 24 hours was greatest in severely stressed plants. The photosynthetic rate is reasonable predicted by midday LDR and surface moisture. 相似文献