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根据双柏县重要生态系统评价指标体系,确定其重要生态系统类型,采用卫星影像目视解译和实地验证相结合的方法,开展双柏县重要生态系统调查研究。结果表明：双柏县重要生态系统总面积为242 323.5 hm2,占全县土地面积的62.21%,其中暖温性针叶林131 588.0 hm2、亚热带常绿阔叶林69 369.0 hm2、干热河谷25 459.3 hm2、南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林7 015.4 hm2、热带季雨林4 852.9 hm2、落叶阔叶林3 860.2 hm2、湿地178.7 hm2,主要分布于妥甸镇、大麦地镇、爱尼山乡和鄂嘉镇境内;纳入自然保护地管理的重要生态系统总面积为24 871.4 hm2,占重要生态系统总面积的10.26%;各类重要生态系统均受不同程度的人为干扰,亟需采取保护措施。 相似文献
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《林业调查规划》2017,(2)
原始林具有极其重要的生态价值,受人类发展影响,目前已经非常稀少。以现有森林资源调查成果、基础地理信息、社会经济信息数据为基础,采用高分辨率卫星影像、数学模型等手段分析研究怒江州原始林资源面积、类型、分布、保护状况等,是高效监测、科学保护原始林的有效措施。研究结果表明,怒江州原始林总面积为56.61万hm~2,占全州国土总面积的38.5%,森林总面积的47.7%,原始针叶林划分至3个森林亚型,9个森林类型,阔叶林和灌木林划分至3个森林亚型;95%的原始林分布在海拔2 001~4 000 m的范围内;超过90%的原始林分布在陡坡与急坡地段;纳入保护的原始林面积为50.29万hm~2,占原始林面积的88.8%。 相似文献
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为评价内蒙古毕拉河林场2017年5月2日发生的森林火灾损失情况,利用火灾发生前后的Landsat8卫星影像,计算得到两者间的差值归一化燃烧指数(d NBR),通过目视解译和数学统计相结合的方法构建森林火灾受害程度分级评价指标,对该火烧迹地受灾程度进行定量评价,并利用实地测量GPS数据和GF-2卫星数据验证受害程度的分级精度为86.39%。研究结果表明:内蒙古毕拉河林场火烧迹地的中度受害区域面积最大,为4 685.09hm~2,占火烧迹地总面积的40.35%;轻度受害面积次之,为4 213.1hm~2,占火烧迹地总面积的36.28%;重度受害面积为1 031.03hm~2,占总面积的8.88%;未受害区域的面积最小为906.57hm~2,占火烧迹地总面积的7.81%;火烧迹地内的受灾森林主要分布在中度受害区域和轻度受害区域,受灾草地主要分布在轻度受害区域。 相似文献
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云南黄家河流域天然森林植被的主要类型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
云南黄家河流域的天然林面积为1 854.93 hm2,占该流域总面积的66.18%。依据2001~2003年10~12月共4次调查所获的样地资料和野外记录,按《云南植被》(1987)的植被分类原则,将黄家河流域的天然森林植被分为3个植被型,4个植被亚型和6个群系。其天然森林具一定的垂直分布规律,海拔高度从低到高,形成了半湿润常绿阔叶林(滇石栎林-黄毛青冈林-元江栲林)、暖温性针叶林(云南松林)、落叶阔叶林(圆叶杨林)(海拔高度为1 570~2 750 m)-中山湿性常绿阔叶林(多变石栎林)(海拔高度为2 650~3 320 m)的亚热带山地森林植被垂直分布系列。其中以暖性针叶林的面积最大,占黄家河流域天然林总面积的60.50%,而常绿阔叶林占36.69%,落叶阔叶林占2.81%。并对这些森林植被类型的基本特征作了较为详细的论述。 相似文献
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<正> 高山松(Pinus densata Mast)是滇西北高山针叶林区的主要成林树种之一。分布面积约17万公顷,占我省针阔叶林面积的2.5%;蓄积量有1650万立方米,占针阔叶林蓄积的2.8%,仅次于高山针叶林区冷杉、云杉的蓄积。它具有适应性强,分布广,生长较迅速的特点,是高山针叶林区迹地更新的先锋树种之一。现以我们调查、观察收集的材料对它的发 相似文献
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中甸大果红杉更新初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分布在我省滇西北高山针叶林区中的松科植物大果红杉(Larix potaninii Batal.vat.macrocarpa Law.),虽然面积不大,但它分布的范围较广,分散镶嵌在寒温性针叶林中。从它的更新情况来看,大果红杉是高山暗针叶林区很有发展前途的更新树种之一。我们一九七八年初在完成三坝林业局总体设计任务的同时,曾对中旬的三坝、安南、吉丁坝、 相似文献
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香格里拉市高寒地区分布有众多泥炭沼泽生态系统,在云南省具有典型性、代表性,在湿地生态系统功能调节过程中具有不可估量的作用。根据《云南省泥炭沼泽碳库调查报告》,结合香格里拉市泥炭沼泽生态系统特点,构建了泥炭沼泽生态系统服务功能价值评估指标体系,评估了支持功能、调节功能和文化功能3项服务功能价值,包括8个具体评价指标。估算结果表明,香格里拉市泥炭沼泽生态系统服务功能总价值为5.99亿元/a,单位面积价值为110.86元/(m2·a),其中：间接价值占总价值的95.32%,蓄水调洪、固氮释氧以及气候调节价值最显著。 相似文献
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With the interpreted IKONOS4 satellite images collected in 2005,a 1:10 000 forest map,the data collected in ClassⅡforest survey in 2007,and surface runoff data obtained in the permanent runoff monitoring station,six site factors of slope gradient, slope position,soil thickness,soil thickness of A layer,soil type and soil water content were selected to establish a matter element model suitable to 297 forest sub-compartments.Further,the AHP was applied to modify the spatial structure and form the spatial para allocation of the protection forest system. The results showed that:1) the area allocation of different vegetation types was irrational,the area of a mixed coniferous and broad-leafed forest was 124.39 ha,accounting for 14.97%of the forested land,the mixed forest was consisted of two coniferous species accounted for 27.37%of the total forest land,and the pure forest was consisted of one coniferous species accounted for 42.48%.2) After optimization,the area allocation of different vegetation types in the protection forest system ranked as:the mixed coniferous and broad-leafed forest(31.12%)>shrub land(15.5%)>the economic tree crops(12.28%)>the mixed forest consisting of two coniferous species(11.46%)>the pure broad-leafed forest(11.41%)>the pure coniferous forest(9.51%)>grass land(8.70%). Besides,the annual surface runoff could reduce 43 171 mm or 62.15%,annual soil erosion could decrease 465.97 t or 79.66%.3) The following suggestions for spatial para allocation of the small watershed protection forest system were proposed: (1) Reducing pure cypress or pine forest,and increasing alder-cypress,oak-cypress or pine-cypress mixed forest.As for the current cypress and pine pure forests,alder or oak could be introduced to develop a mixed forest.(2) The canopy closure of pure cypress forest and alder-cypress forests should be maintained within 0.60-0.75,and the canopy closure of oak-cypress,pine-cypress or oak-pine forests should be controlled within 0.60-0.80. (3) For improvement of current pure 相似文献
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利用云南省森林资源连续清查第5次复查数据,按照森林生态系统服务功能价值的评估方法,对云南省森林生态系统的服务功能价值进行了估算。云南省森林生态系统服务功能总价值为12 353.81×108元.a-1,其中提供非直接产品的生态产值为12 224.36×108元,占服务功能总价值的98.95%;生态服务功能价值为12 220.33×108元,占总价值的98.92%;产品提供价值为129.44×108元,占1.05%。森林的生态服务功能价值是其直接产品提供价值的94.41倍,表明生态服务功能价值远远高于其直接利用价值。云南省森林总面积占全国森林总面积的10.02%,而森林生态系统生态服务功能价值占全国森林生态系统生态服务功能价值的12.21%。单位面积林分的年生态服务功能价值为6.77×104元.hm-2,高于全国5.52×104元.hm-2的水平。 相似文献
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利用2005年度的IKONOS4卫片(通过解译获得官司河小流域土地利用现状数据)、1:1万森林资源分布图、2007年度森林资源二类调查小班资料,结合样地调查数据以及四川省林业科学研究院森林生态效益定位站(四川绵阳新桥)径流场的有关数据,选取坡度、土层厚、土A层厚、土壤含水率、坡位、土壤类型6个立地特征因子,建立该流域的297个小班物元模型,对其进行适宜性评价,再用层次分析法对其进行优化,从而获得该流域防护林体系空间对位配置。结果表明:1)本区针阔(桤柏/栎柏)混交林面积为124.39hm2,仅占整个有林地面积的14.97%,而针针混交林(松柏)的面积却占27.37%,针叶纯林(马尾松/柏木)的面积更是占42.48%。2)经优化后本区防护林体系分配按面积大小排序为针阔混交林(31.12%)>灌木林(15.5%)>经济林(12.28%)>针针混交林(11.46%)>阔叶纯林(11.41%)>针叶纯林(9.51%)>草地(8.70%)。优化后,年径流总量将减少43171mm,减少62.15%;年土壤侵蚀总量减少465.97t,减少79.66%。3)该流域的防护林体系空间对位配置结果为:①少发展柏木、马尾松纯林,多发展桤柏、栎柏、松栎等针阔混交林。对现有的柏木、马尾松纯林,引进桤木、栎类等树种形成针阔混交林。②柏木纯林和桤柏混交林的郁闭度控制在0.60～0.75,栎柏混交林、松柏混交林、松栎柏混交林则应控制在0.60～0.80。③对现有针叶纯林、针针混交林,采用开窗补阔和密度调节2种方式进行改造。开窗补阔对密度过大的林分进行带状砍伐,砍伐后补植栎类、桤木、香樟、天竺桂等阔叶树种。④在树种的搭配上,根据不同立地条件及树种的适宜性,选择不同的混交比。在中性或微酸性紫色土上,多发展以柏木为主的混交林;在黄壤和酸性紫色土上,则可发展柏木、马尾松与其他阔叶树种的混交林;在灰白砂土上配置以马尾松为主的针阔混交林。阔叶林的比例不少于20%～30%,立地条件好的则可以达到40%左右,以充分发挥防护林的生态效益和增加经济效益。 相似文献
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头塘小流域不同植被类型对土壤物理性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究区域位于云南省东北部会泽县城东郊的头塘小流域,属金沙江支流牛栏江水系上游。以自然植被针叶混交林地为参照,与针叶人工纯林地、阔叶人工纯林地、针叶人工混交林地进行比较,分析不同植被类型土壤物理性状的差异和动态过程,以及土壤物理特性变化与人为干预影响之间的关系。结果表明,阔叶林和混交林对土壤性状的恢复作用大于纯林,华山松对土壤环境的恢复作用大于云南松,且与林龄正相关。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):223-235
Abstract In this study, I defined a gap as a small opening formed in a forest canopy (area < 0.1 ha) and tried to synthesize gap-disturbance regimes of primary mature stands in different forest types of Japan, such as warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved (4 stands in 3 localities), cool temperate deciduous broad-leaved (10 in 5) and subalpine evergreen coniferous (3 in 1) forests. Mean percentage of the total gap area within the total forested area (percentage gap area) in each forest type was 17.0% in warm temperate (number of surveyed gaps was 161), 13.8% in cool temperate (278 gaps), and 8.0% in subalpine (100 gaps) forests. Mean gap density (ha-1) and mean gap size (m2) were 19.5 and 77.1 in warm temperate, 16.4 and 92.0 in cool temperate, and 19.1 and 41.9 in subalpine forests, respectively. These figures indicate that gap density is not substantially different among the forest types, but the mean gap size of subalpine forests is smaller than the other two, resulting in lower percentage gap area of this forest type. The gap size distributions were similar among the forest types; smaller gaps were much more frequent than larger ones, and gaps > 400 rrr were rare in warm temperate and cool temperate forests. In subalpine forests gaps > 200 m2 were rare. Gaps formed by multiple gapmakers comprised 19.9% of all gaps in warm temperate, 9.9% in cool temperate, and 44.9% in subalpine forests, which implies that gap formation by simultaneous tree fall or gap enlargement is more frequent in subalpine forests. Canopy trees died less often by uprooting in every forest type; dominant mode for the death of canopy trees was by leaving standing-dead or with broken trunks in every forest type. Since typhoons are obviously a chief agent of forest disturbance in Japan, frequency or magnitude of typhoon disturbance may influence these differences in the gap-disturbance regimes. In addition to the disturbance, tree architectures seem to affect some of these differences; narrower crown size of conifers compared with broad-leaved trees is considered one major cause for smaller gap size of the conifer forest. 相似文献
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Data have been compiled from published sources on nitrogen (N) fluxes in precipitation, throughfall, and leaching from 69
forest ecosystems at 50 sites throughout China, to examine at a national level: (1) N input in precipitation and throughfall,
(2) how precipitation N changes after the interaction with canopy, and (3) whether N leaching increases with increasing N
deposition and, if so, to what extent. The deposition of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in precipitation ranged from 2.6 to 48.2 kg N ha−1 year−1, with an average of 16.6 kg N ha−1 year−1. Ammonium was the dominant form of N at most sites, accounting for, on average, 63% of total inorganic N deposition. Nitrate
accounted for the remaining 37%. On average, DIN fluxes increased through forest canopies, by 40% and 34% in broad-leaved
and coniferous forests, respectively. No significant difference in throughfall DIN inputs was found between the two forest
types. Overall, 22% of the throughfall DIN input was leached from forest ecosystems in China, which is lower than the 50–59%
observed for European forests. Simple calculations indicate that Chinese forests have great potential to absorb carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere, because of the large forest area and high N deposition. 相似文献
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基于云南省2016年森林资源规划设计调查数据,运用森林蓄积量扩展法等,按区域、流域对森林碳储量进行研究。结果表明,云南省2016年森林碳储量为 100170.49 万t,相当于固定 367625.71 万t CO2,森林单位面积碳储存能力为51.55 t/hm^2,按照现行碳交易价格计算,云南省森林碳储量价值为 12866899.85 万元。按不同森林类型对区域、流域森林碳储量进行分析,结果表明,按区域森林碳储量排序为:滇西北地区>滇南地区>滇西南地区>滇中地区>滇东北地区;按流域碳储量排序为:金沙江流域>澜沧江流域>红河流域>南盘江流域>怒江流域>伊洛瓦底江流域;按森林类型碳储量排序为:针叶林>混交林>阔叶林,按单位面积碳储量排序为:混交林>阔叶林>针叶林。研究显示,云南省森林碳储量巨大,碳汇交易前景广阔。提出下一步应开展不同年度的森林碳储量动态分析,开展碳汇研究,为森林生态系统补偿和碳排放交易提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Javid A. Dar Mohd Y. Rather K. Subashree S. Sundarapandian 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(8):787-805
Forest biomass pools are the major reservoirs of atmospheric carbon in both coniferous and broad-leaved forest ecosystems and thus play an important role in regulating the regional and global carbon cycle. In this study, we measured the biomass of trees, understorey, and detritus in temperate (coniferous and broad-leaved) forests of Kashmir Himalaya. Total ecosystem dry biomass averaged 234.2 t/ha (ranging from 99.5 to 305.2 t/ha) across all the forest stands, of which 223 t/ha (91.9–283.2 t/ha) were stored in above- and below-ground biomass of trees, 1.3 t/ha (0.18–3.3 t/ha) in understorey vegetation (shrubs and herbaceous), and 9.9 t/ha (4.8–20.9 t/ha) in detritus (including standing and fallen dead trees, and forest floor litter). Among all the forests, the highest tree, understorey, and detritus biomass were observed in mid-altitude Abies pindrow and Pinus wallichiana coniferous forests, whereas the lowest were observed in high-altitude Betula utilis broad-leaved forests. Basal area has showed significant positive relationship with biomass (R2 = 0.84–0.97, P < 0.001) and density (R2 = 0.49–0.87). The present study will improve our understanding of distribution of biomass (trees, understorey, and detritus) in coniferous and broad-leaved forests and can be used in forest management activities to enhance C sequestration. 相似文献
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采用基于单位面积价值当量因子测算生态系统服务功能价值方法,基于云南省2020年森林资源监测数据和云南省农田农作物经济价值数据,对云南省森林生态系统服务功能价值进行评估。结果表明,全省森林生态系统服务功能价值为17 174.96×108元。在四大类生态系统类型中,阔叶林生态系统服务功能价值为9 113.15×108元,对总价值的贡献率最大,达53.1%。在四大项服务功能中,调节功能服务价值最大,为11 440.13×108元,占总价值的66.6%。全省单位面积森林生态系统服务功能价值为64 870元/hm2。经与其他文献对云南省森林生态系统服务功能价值评估结果对比分析,评估结果在正常、合理范围内,较客观地反映了近期云南省森林生态系统服务功能价值。 相似文献
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Carbon sequestration is important in studying global carbon cycle and budget. Here, we used the National Forest Resource Inventory data for China collected from 2004 to 2008 and forest biomass and soil carbon storage data obtained from direct field measurements to estimate carbon (C) sequestration rate and benefit keeping C out of the atmosphere in forest ecosystems and their spatial distributions. Between 2004 and 2008, forests sequestered on average 0.36 Pg C yr?1 (1 Pg = 1015g), with 0.30 Pg C yr?1 in vegetation and 0.06 Pg C yr?1 in 0–1 meter soil. Under the different forest categories, total C sequestration rate ranged from 0.02 in bamboo forest to 0.11 Pg C yr?1 in broadleaf forest. The southwest region had highest C sequestration rate, 30% of total C sequestration, followed by the northeast and south central regions. The C sequestration in the forest ecosystem could offset about 21% of the annual C emissions in China over the same period, especially in provinces of Tibet, Guangxi, and Yunnan, and the benefit was similar to most Annex I countries. These results show that forests play an important role in reducing the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in China, and forest C sequestration are closely related to forest area, tree species composition, and site conditions. 相似文献