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1.
用洛川黄土中碳同位素重建140万年以来古气候 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在洛川黄土剖面,通过密集采样,做出从第三纪红到整个第四纪黄土地层的碳同位素分析。1δ3C曲线可与大西洋深海钻孔DSDP607的氧同位素曲线及南极氘温度详细对比。S5上有一个特别突出的负高峰,1δ3C=-16.615‰,是气候最温湿的阶段。S0、S1、S4、S8、S9的δ13C峰值在-5.85—-10.00‰之间,是一般间冰期阶段。峰值在-8.72—-6.95‰的S2、S3、S6、S7等对应的是温干的间冰期。L1、L2、L5、L6、L8、L9的1δ3C在-3.7—-2.27‰之间,是一些极冷的冰期。因此,黄土1δ3C是一个灵敏的替代性古气候指标。 相似文献
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3.
陕西周原地区全新世黄土-古土壤序列风化程度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对周原LC全新世黄土-古土壤剖面的元素含量分布及其化学风化程度和元素迁移特征的研究。结果发现:古土壤S0的CIA和Rb/Sr值高于黄土L0,Na/K比低于黄土L0,指示其风化程度强于黄土L0,形成时期气候比黄土堆积时期温暖湿润;黄土风化成壤过程中,Si,K和Fe相对富集,而Ca,Na,Mg和Ti则迁移淋失,呈现Ca>Na>Mg>Ti>Al>Si>K>Fe的迁移序列;全新世剖面化学风化程度处于脱Na和Ca阶段或早期去K阶段。 相似文献
4.
汾渭盆地全新世成壤环境演变比较研究 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
通过对汾渭盆地全新世土壤的野外考察以及磁化率和高分辨率CaCO3 的分析 ,揭示了该区域土壤成壤过程与气候变化关系。研究表明 ,汾渭盆地全新世的S0 地层形成于全球性的全新世气候最适宜期 ,约从 85 0 0aBP土壤开始发育 ,形成较厚的S0 层。约从 310 0aBP起始 ,气候发生变化 ,干旱和沙尘堆积形成了黄土L0 层和现代表土层。土壤剖面磁化率与CaCO3 指标反映 ,由于地带性因素存在 ,全新世汾河盆地古土壤S0 的成壤强度远远低于渭河盆地。在全新世气候最适宜期 ,两地气候和环境的差异扩大 ,而晚更新世马兰黄土堆积期间和全新世其它主要阶段 ,两地气候和环境的差异相对减小。 相似文献
5.
会宁剖面MIS3阶段黄土元素地球化学特征及气候变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在会宁剖面元素地球化学数据分析和气候替代指标分析的基础上，重建了会宁地区约20～70 ka的古气候特征和序列。研究表明：Ba、Rb、Sr、Ti、Fe2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、K2O等在剖面上都有随深度的减小含量随之增加的趋势；CaO、Na2O等在剖面上有随深度的减小含量随之减小的趋势。MIS3气候略显温湿，可划分为3个阶段：早期(L1S1S2)，55.5～45.9 ka，气候为弱温湿；中期(L1S1L1)，45.9～27.3 ka，气候为干冷；晚期(L1S1S1)，27.3～23.8 ka，气候为温湿；会宁剖面较明显地记录了5次Heinrich事件。 相似文献
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通过对鄂尔多斯地区旧石器地点的分布状况进行梳理研究,并根据黄土地层,分区探索了鄂尔多斯盆地在旧石器时代北部毛乌素沙漠地带、中部黄土丘陵地带、南部黄土高原残原地带的地理环境变化。认为鄂尔多斯盆地以及黄土高原中腹地带在旧石器时代经历了冰期和间冰期的多次气候旋回和次一级的气候波动,环境经历了沙漠的南侵和退缩、消失和复活,草原... 相似文献
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Aeolian deposits from the deserts in northern China have been used for palaeoenvironmental research to understand aeolian sedimentology and its dynamic connection to past climate conditions. The Tengger Desert in China is sensitive to the waxing and waning of the monsoonal system. In response to past climate change, the southern margin of the Tengger Desert has evolved significantly since the last glacial period. However, previous attempts to date aeolian deposits in this region were mainly based on radiocarbon dating, which has problems when applied to aeolian deposits. Moreover, sedimentary records are limited. Accordingly, past aeolian activity in this desert remains poorly understood. In the present study, we dated sand samples from Gulang county at the southern margin of the Tengger Desert using optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) to understand the history of aeolian activity in this region. Our samples represented well-sorted aeolian sands and sandy loess. Aeolian sands are evidence of dune field buildup and sparse vegetation cover whereas sandy loess is evidence of improved stabilization of sand dunes resulting from ameliorated vegetation cover. Certain samples showed a decline in the equivalent dose(De) values when successive integration intervals were applied, which resulted from unstable OSL signals from non-fast components in the initial part of the decay curve. In order to obtain reliable De estimates, we investigated component-resolved and different background subtraction approaches, and compared the resultant De estimates. We adopted the early background subtraction method to derive De values. Luminescence chronologies and sedimentary records indicated that sand dunes accumulation occurred before 10 ka, and sandy loess developed between 9.5 and 7.6 ka when sand dunes were stabilized as a result of increased effective moisture levels. The transition between sand dune mobilization and stabilization emphasizes the significance of an effective moisture threshold in controlling aeolian activity. Mobilization of sand dunes at ~2.3 ka might be related to an increased aridity during the Late Holocene. 相似文献
8.
Jia JIA XianBin LIU DunSheng XIA HaiTao WEI Bo WANG Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental Systems College of Earth Sciences Environments Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Key Laboratory of Desert Desertification Cold Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 《干旱区科学》2011,3(3):191-198
Kansu (KS) profile is located in the east of Yili basin, western Xinjiang, where typical loess sediments are distributed. The magnetic parameters (such as IRM, SIRM SOFT, and M) and grain size in the KS profile were analyzed in the study. The results showed that the magnetic property of KS loess is dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals, such as magnetite and maghemite. Antiferromagnetic and superparamagnetic minerals also exist in the profile, but had less impact on magnetic susceptibility. Compared with the typical loess sediments of the central Loess Plateau in China, the strata of Kansu profile contained more magnetic minerals and hard magnetic minerals. The analysis of grain size for magnetic minerals indicated that the properties of loess and paleosol were respectively dominated by PSD/MD and coarse SSD magnetite. The research found that the contents of magnetic minerals in loess and paleosol sequences in Kansu profile were similar, but the proportion of fine grained magnetite and soft magnetic minerals were varying, which implies a positive relationship between the value of magnetic susceptibility and intensity of pedogenesis. 相似文献
9.
甘肃第四纪气候期划分 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
第四纪时期气候变化是由冷和暖及干和湿组成的。冷和暖及干和湿是相对的，是呈循环变化的，是有强、弱之分和持续时间长短不同的。本文根据第四纪地层中植物孢粉和ＣａＣＯ３的含量及岩石风化系数、黄土中古土壤、第四纪泥炭的造炭期等资料，通过分析研究，用比拟方法确定第四纪气候期的性质，用冷和暖及干和湿作为第四纪气候期划分的尺度。将第四纪气候期划分为四次温暖期、五次寒冷期、一次冷热频繁交替期。 相似文献
10.
Farsila MAHMOUDIAN 《干旱区科学》2022,14(11):1317-1330
Afghanistan is located in the Eurasian loess belt, however, there is little information on the soils in the area. Loess has covered the Herat Plain in western Herat City, Afghanistan. Despite the diversity of landform and parent material, there is no information on the soil and landform evolution in this area. The objectives of this study were to identify the soils along a transect of different landforms in the Herat Plain and determine the role of geomorphic processes on the soil and landform evolution. Five pedons from an alluvial fan, the depression between alluvial fan and piedmont plain, saline and non-saline piedmont plains, and the flood plain of the Hariroud River, were sampled. Then, the physical-chemical properties, mineralogy, and micromorphology of the samples were determined. Results showed that the soil parent material in the piedmont plain is loess, whereas, in the flood plain it is a combination of loess and river alluvial sediments. Calcification, lessivage, salinization, and gleization are the most important pedogenic processes. The calcification and lessivage appear to be the result of a wetter climate during the late Quaternary, whereas the present topography causes the gleization and salinization. Clay coatings on carbonate nodules and iron nodules are abundant pedofeatures in the Btk (argillic-calcic) horizon. Iron oxides nodules are common in the soils of the flood plain. The formation of palygorskite in both alluvial- and loess-derived soils implies the onset of aridity and the trend of increase in environmental aridity in the region. It seems that after the formation of a well developed paleosol on the alluvial fan in a more humid climate in the past, the piedmont plain has been covered by loess deposits, and the calcification, gleization, and salinization cause the formation of weakly developed surficial soils. This study highlights the role of the late Quaternary climatic changes on the evolution of landforms and soils in western Afghanistan. 相似文献
11.
Loess deposits with varying thickness are widely distributed on the intermontane valleys and piedmont zones on the northern side of the central Shandong mountainous regions. However, the basal ages and material resources of the loess deposits are not clear. The paper studied the Qingzhou loess profile in Shandong with magnetostratigraphic and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods and further investigated its main provenances with the mineralogical methods. The magnetostratigraphic results showed that the Brunhes/Matuyama (B/M) reversal boundary was not recognized, suggesting a basal age younger than 0.78 Ma. Extrapolations by sedimentation rates, based on the upper part depositional rate from the OSL age, the basal age of the Qingzhou loess is about 0.5 Ma. Until now, older loess deposits have not been reported on the northern side of the central Shandong mountainous regions. The results of the paper indicate that the loess deposits in this area might have strated from the Middle Pleistocene. The basal age of Qingzhou loess is approximately synchronous with the Xiashu loess in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. Major components of clay minerals in the Qingzhou profile are dominated by illite. Other clay mineral compositions are mainly smectite, chlorite and kaolinite, which are similar with the Xifeng loess in the Loess Plateau. However, the contents of smectite and the ratios of illite and kaolinte in the Qingzhou loess samples are higher than those in the Xifeng loess samples of the Loess Plateau, indicating that the loess in the northern side of the central Shandong mountainous regions has different sources from that of the loess deposits in the Loess Plateau. The clay mineral analysis further reinforces the earlier conclu- sion that the marine strata exposed in the Laizhou Bay and the fluvial plain of the lower reaches of Yellow River during the glacier periods are the main material sources for the Qingzhou loess deposits, which is an indicator to the local aridification of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Loess deposition in the central Shandong mountainous regions started at around 0.5 Ma. The age of Qingzhou loess is approximately synchronous with the ongoing high-latitude cold since the Middle Pleistocene, which indicates that strengthened East Asian winter monsoon was sufficiently energetic to bring substantial quantities of material from the marine strata exposed in the Laizhou Bay and the fluvial plain of the lower reaches of the Yellow River to the central Shandong mountainous regions. The results therefore suggest that both regional geological process and global changes were responsible for the formation of Qingzhou loess since Middle Pleistocene. 相似文献
12.
WU Huining 《干旱区科学》2022,14(12):1331-1343
Whether millennial- to centennial-scale climate variations throughout the Holocene convey universal climate change is still widely debated. In this study, we aimed to obtain a set of high-resolution multi-proxy data (1343 particle size samples, 893 total organic carbon samples, and 711 pollen samples) from an alluvial-lacustrine-aeolian sequence based on an improved age-depth model in the northwestern margin of the East Asian monsoon region to explore the dynamics of climate changes over the past 30 ka. Results revealed that the sequence not only documented the major climate events that corresponded well with those reported from the North Atlantic regions but also revealed many marked and high-frequency oscillations at the millennial- and centennial-scale. Specifically, the late stage of the last glacial lasting from 30.1 to 18.1 cal. ka BP was a dry and cold period. The deglacial (18.1-11.5 cal. ka BP) was a wetting (probably also warming) period, and three cold and dry excursions were found in the wetting trend, i.e., the Oldest Dryas (18.1-15.8 cal. ka BP), the Older Dryas (14.6-13.7 cal. ka BP), and the Younger Dryas (12.5-11.5 cal. ka BP). The Holocene can be divided into three portions: the warmest and wettest early portion from 11.5 to 6.7 cal. ka BP, the dramatically cold and dry middle portion from 6.7 to 3.0 cal. ka BP, and the coldest and driest late portion since 3.0 cal. ka BP. Wavelet analysis results on the total pollen concentration revealed five substantially periodicities: c. 5500, 2200, 900, 380, and 210 a. With the exception of the c. 5500 a quasi-cycle that was causally associated with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, the other four quasi-cycles (i.e., c. 2200, 900, 380, and 210 a) were found to be indirectly causally associated with solar activities. This study provides considerable insight into the dynamic mechanism of the Asian climate on a long-time scale and future climatic change. 相似文献
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本文采用遥感影像分析和差分GPS方法精确测量各级湖岸堤高程,通过OSL定年技术对湖滨沉积物进行年代测定,重建湖泊演化的时空分布格局和环境变化历史。通过大范围的野外调查和测试,结果表明:在吉兰泰盐湖周围存在海拔高度1080~1070m,1060m,1050m,1044m和1035m的5级湖岸堤。在吉兰泰东北70km处乌兰布和沙漠腹地贺日木西尼也存在1080m的古湖岸堤和海拔高度1052m到1035m的长达11km的古沙嘴。各级湖岸堤沉积物由湖滨砂或湖滨砂砾石组成,含有蓝蚬等贝壳体,这些证据是吉兰泰古湖存在和湖面波动的重要标志。通过1080m湖岸堤沉积物的OSL年代测定,确认在MIS 3阶段的60ka B.P.前后发育吉兰泰古大湖,此时湖水向东延伸至乌兰布和沙漠腹地,水深达到60m。根据贺日木西尼湖岸堤高程和分布特征来推断,此时的吉兰泰古湖可能与河套古湖产生水源联系。吉兰泰古大湖形成和演化过程,受到区域气候、黄河(内蒙古段)演化和河套古湖的演变以及区域构造运动等诸多因素的影响,需要进一步研究。 相似文献
14.
青藏高原全新世风沙活动历史与环境变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风沙活动记录的研究对于人们了解气候环境变迁有着重要意义。风成砂层的稳定出露可以作为风沙活动及沙漠形成的最直接证据,因而通过对风成砂-黄土-古土壤序列地层剖面进行对比分析,即可还原地质历史时期风沙活动历史与环境演化。通过对比青藏高原南部、柴达木盆地、共和盆地、青海湖盆地等地区风成沉积剖面的岩性变化,结合14C测年、热释光和光释光测年结果,建立了青藏高原地区全新世以来风沙活动演化历史。青藏高原全新世在11.0kaBP左右开始进入全新世,环境逐渐转向暖湿;9.0kaBP左右出现了一次强烈的风沙活动事件;7.7～4.6ka BP14C大部分地区为暖湿环境,而藏南地区有较大范围风成砂沉积,风沙活动强烈。全新世晚期区域性差异较大,但整体环境恶化,风沙活动增强。 相似文献
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我国北方16000年来气候变迁的定量研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
王建 《干旱区资源与环境》1989,(3)
本文通过对两个典型剖面孢粉资料的对应分析,计算出我国北方16000年来温度变化典线。并对温度、湿度变化的过程及两者之间的关系进行了探讨,并对未来气候变化趋向提出了自己的观点。 相似文献
16.
西部内陆干旱区晚更新世以来气候变化格局一直是许多地学工作者极为关注的问题。不少研究者认为西部内陆干旱区古气候变化的格局和东部季风区相似。即冰期是干冷的、间冰期是温暖的。作者认为西部干旱区随着第四纪不同的发展阶段与其相应的古气候也随着作阶段性的变化。经综合分析研究表明,当进入晚更新世古气候演变为不同程度的冷湿与暖干相结合的气候格局。即表现为冰期冷湿与间冰期暖干的气候型。从此取代了早、中更新世的与东部季风区相似的冷干与暖湿相结合的气候型。 相似文献
17.
选取豫中黄土地区典型的黄土古土壤沉积序列,根据其沉积物中U、Th、K元素的浓度及沉积序列所在地的纬度、经度、海拔对宇宙射线的影响,计算了沉积序列中环境辐射的强度。结果表明:黄土古土壤剖面的平均辐射强度为19.86mGy a-1,变化幅度在21%左右。环境辐射强度在S0、Lt、L1层位中较大,均值分别为20.58、23.19、22.47 mGy a-1。在TS层沉积物中辐射强度最小,平均剂量率为11.35mGy a-1。剂量率值在全新世剖面中的变化分别受到了沉积粉尘物质组成的变化和易淋溶元素迁移的影响。前者对剂量率变化的影响非常微弱;后者的影响则相对较大。Fe/Al值的变化也说明了整个黄土古土壤沉积序列在全新世期间沉积粉尘的物质组成变化非常微弱,指示了全新世近万年尺度内研究区沉积物质是相对较为稳定的。 相似文献
18.
通过野外实地调查,在渭河中游咸阳市南寺村一级阶地的全新世黄土-古土壤剖面,发现了含有波状水平层理的古洪水滞流沉积层,对所采集的全新世地层样品进行了粒度、磁化率、烧失量、CaCO3和石英颗粒微结构表面特征分析,表明古洪水滞流沉积物（SWD）平均粒径小,磁化率值低,CaCO3含量高,石英颗粒表面“V”形坑和三角痕明显等特征,与风成黄土和古土壤差别显著,判定为典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。通过OSL（光释光）测年及地层学对比,确定古洪水SWD记录了渭河中游3 200~2 800 aBP发生的一组3次古洪水事件,正处于全新世大暖期向晚期转变的过渡时期,气候不稳定,降水变率大,引发了连续的特大洪水事件。此研究成果对于揭示区域水文变化对全球气候变化的响应规律具有重要科学意义。 相似文献
19.
为预测西安地区乃至中国和全球未来环境的发展趋势提供依据,通过对西安地区泾阳南塬寨头村典型剖面全新世黄土—古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS14C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立了该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列。根据磁化率气候替代指标显示的曲线特征,阐述了这一替代指标在剖面上的变化规律,探讨了该黄土剖面所反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,论证和详细分析了西安地区全新世以来环境变化的特征和规律,进而对该剖面磁化率曲线特征与其他学者的孢粉谱建立的温度曲线对比,对西安地区全新世以来古气候的阶段性进行了详细分析和论证。将西安地区10000年以来的气候演变划分为7个气候阶段。 相似文献
20.
通过对黄土高原腹地甘肃合水MJY全新世土壤剖面磁化率、全铁、TOC、Rb、Sr和Rb/Sr等气候代用指标的测定分析,揭示了与全新世环境变化相对应的成壤过程,并在此基础上,阐明黄土高原中部地区环境资源变化对人类活动的影响。认为全新世早期,黄土高原中部地区气候比较温和干燥,风尘堆积速率降低,地表植被以草本为主,并有一定的生物风化成壤作用,土壤发育表现为边沉积边成壤;全新世中期,气候温暖湿润,地表植被发育,生物风化成壤作用大于风尘堆积作用,随着沉积和成壤的继续,土壤层深厚,形成古土壤层(S0);全新世晚期,气候开始恶化,干旱少雨,植被退化,沙尘暴频繁发生,风尘堆积作用大于风化成壤作用,土壤退化形成的现代黄土层(L0)覆盖了土壤(S0)使之成为埋藏古土壤。在寺洼文化时期(3250—2520 a B.P.),由于气候干旱使环境资源恶化,土壤退化严重,土地资源利用方式和文化形态从原始的农耕文化转向游牧类型文化。 相似文献