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1.
《干旱区科学》2017,(2)
Moustached Warbler(Acrocephalus melanopogon), belonging to the genus of Acrocephalus and the family of Acrocephalidae, breeds widely but locally in the warm temperate regions from Northwest Africa and eastern Iberian Peninsula to eastern Kazakhstan. However, this species has never been scientifically recorded in China. On 22 April 2016, a Moustached Warbler was observed in Ulanbuy wetland(43°36′N, 87°43′E; 1114 m a.s.l.), Urumqi, Xinjiang of China. This was the first photography-confirmed record of Moustached Warbler in China. As Moustached Warbler is a songbird, the songs were then recorded on 18 May 2016 using a Sony PCM D-100 recorder and the song characteristics were analyzed using Avisoft-SASLab software. The result showed that the mean maximum frequency of song strophes was 6.64(±0.47) k Hz and the mean minimum frequency of song strophes was 1.72(±0.14) k Hz. This study could considered as a supplement of the checklist of birds in China. 相似文献
2.
云南省德宏州亚洲玉米螟发生动态及主要危害区域调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用亚洲玉米螟信息素监测亚洲玉米螟在云南省德宏州的种群动态,结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在德宏州发生可分为两种类型,一是在低海拔(1 000m)地区亚洲玉米螟全年均有发生,二是在高海拔(1 200m)地区集中在4-8月份发生为害。亚洲玉米螟在德宏州世代重叠严重,因海拔高度不同,每年发生4~7代。高海拔地区以老熟幼虫滞育越冬,低海拔地区部分幼虫不滞育,但种群数量较低。田间调查结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在德宏州分布较广,不同地区发生为害存在着显著性差异,发生严重地区亚洲玉米螟为害率最高可达97%,为害级别多为3~4级,集中分布于东经97°51′~97°60′区间,呈带状分布。亚洲玉米螟发生为害在不同经度上存在显著性差异,平均为害率和为害级别分别是57.75%和4级。在不同海拔和纬度之间亚洲玉米螟发生概率也存在显著差异,在901~1 100m和1 301~1 500m海拔和24°46′~25°59′纬度之间发生概率高。 相似文献
3.
刈割对伊犁绢蒿根系贮藏营养物质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以新疆蒿类半灌木荒漠草地建群种伊犁绢蒿为材料,探讨刈割强度对其根系贮藏营养物质的影响.结果表明:不同刈割强度间伊犁绢蒿根中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、还原糖含量差异显著(p<0.05),且轻度刈割与中度刈割下可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、还原糖含量相对较高;不同强度刈割后伊犁绢蒿可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、还原糖的含量随时间的变化先降低后升高,呈"V"型变化.由于刈割后伊犁绢蒿需要利用贮藏的淀粉维持其再生长,淀粉则呈现下降趋势.而研究结果显示,轻度刈割与中度刈割下淀粉含量相对较高,说明轻度及中度刈割强度下伊犁绢蒿根恢复效果较好,适度刈割有利于伊犁绢蒿可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、还原糖及淀粉的积累,并可促进其再生长. 相似文献
4.
In South Carolina between 1971 and 1975, authors evaluated the occurrence of organochlorine residues in the laughing gull (Larus atricilla), white ibis (Eudocimus albus), glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus), willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus), and ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres). Tissues of birds found dead and eggs were analyzed, eggshell thicknesses were measured, and incidental observations were made of reproductive success and population status. Eggshell thickness of the white bis, American oystercatcher, and laughing gull were not significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the pre-1947 norms. DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were found most frequently and at the highest concentration in eggs. DDE residues declined significantly in oystercatcher eggs, and declined slightly in laughing gull eggs; no change was noted in white ibis eggs. No consistent trends were found for dieldrin and PCBs. Authors found no obvious problems with reproductive success of any species. Populations of the five species breeding in South Carolina appear stable. The white ibis and laughing gull in South Carolina have experienced population explosions over the past 50 years; the glossy ibis has increased substantially since the first documented breeding records in 1947. 相似文献
5.
甘肃北砸山沙冬青种群的空间分布格局 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在甘肃省的北砸(音)山区选择不同坡向,在不同坡位上采用样方和样线相结合的方法,调查沙冬青群落和种群的数量特征.结果表明:该区域的沙冬青种群稳定,山地阳坡中部的种群稳定增长,人为干扰较频繁的山坡下部为下降型种群.在山地阳坡和阴坡的上部,中龄个体比例最大,幼龄次之,老龄最少,在未来一段时期内该部位的种群将较稳定.阳坡沙冬青的密度和生长势均大于阴坡,在同一坡向上,山坡中部的种群密度最大,绝对密度约为5 000株/hm~2.在阴坡,沙冬青个体的总平均高度略大于阳坡,但阴坡植株基部的分枝数小于阳坡.不同龄级沙冬青植株的差异主要表现为冠幅.所观测年的沙冬青植株间的生长量差异较小,但同株的生长具有年际差异.不同坡向的沙冬青种群分布格局相似,山坡上部和中部的种群呈均匀分布;在坡体下部,种群则以母株为中心,形成集群分布.北砸山沙冬青种群分布位置特殊,有可能成为沙冬青种群未来存在和扩展的重要源地,应加强保护. 相似文献
6.
7.
利用1961—2016年新疆各站逐日气温、NCEP再分析高度场、风场资料及北大西洋涛动（NAO）指数,分析了新疆1961—2016年冬季出现的极端冷事件频次变化及与其相联系的环流特征。冬季NAO通过欧亚（EU）波列传播影响新疆冬季极端冷事件的变化,但冬季NAO位相与新疆冬季极端冷事件并没有逐年一一对应的负相关关系。在冬季NAO负位相年,由EU波列传播,70°N以北北风偏弱,当乌拉尔山及其以东区域位势高度偏高（低）,50°~70°N西风偏弱（强）时,新疆冬季极端冷事件偏多（少）;在冬季NAO正位相年,由EU波列传播,70°N以北北风偏强,当乌拉尔山及其以东区域位势高度偏高（低）,50°~70°N西风偏弱（强）时,新疆冬季极端冷事件偏多（少）。因此,冬季NAO、乌拉尔山及其以东区域高度场和50°~70°N西风三者共同作用决定了新疆冬季极端冷事件的发生频次,其中乌拉尔山及其以东区域位势高度和50°~70°N西风在冬季NAO对新疆极端冷事件的影响关系中起到了重要的调制作用。 相似文献
8.
There are eight provinces and autonomous regions (Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Shanxi Province, and Shaanxi Province) in Northwest China, most areas of which are located in arid and semi-arid regions (northwest of the 400 mm precipitation line), accounting for 58.74% of the country's land area and sustaining approximately 7.84×106 people. Because of drought conditions and fragile ecology, these regions cannot develop agriculture at the expense of the environment. Given the challenges of global warming, the green total factor productivity (GTFP), taking CO2 emissions as an undesirable output, is an effective index for measuring the sustainability of agricultural development. Agricultural GTFP can be influenced by both internal production factors (labor force, machinery, land, agricultural plastic film, diesel, pesticide, and fertilizer) and external climate factors (temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration). In this study, we used the Super-slacks-based measure (Super-SBM) model to measure agricultural GTFP during the period 2000-2016 at the regional level. Our results show that the average agricultural GTFP of most provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions underwent a fluctuating increase during the study period (2000-2016), and the fluctuation was caused by the production factors (input and output factors). To improve agricultural GTFP, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Gansu should reduce agricultural labor force input; Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Shanxi should decrease machinery input; Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Shanxi should reduce fertilizer input; Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu, and Ningxia should reduce diesel input; Xinjiang and Gansu should decrease plastic film input; and Gansu, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia should cut pesticide input. Desirable output agricultural earnings should be increased in Qinghai and Tibet, and undesirable output (CO2 emissions) should be reduced in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, and Shaanxi. Agricultural GTFP is influenced not only by internal production factors but also by external climate factors. To determine the influence of climate factors on GTFP in these provinces and autonomous regions, we used a Geographical Detector (Geodetector) model to analyze the influence of climate factors (temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration) and identify the relationships between different climate factors and GTFP. We found that temperature played a significant role in the spatial heterogeneity of GTFP among provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions. For Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Tibet, a suitable average annual temperature would be in the range of 7°C-9°C; for Gansu, Shanxi, and Ningxia, it would be 11°C-13°C; and for Shaanxi, it would be 15°C-17°C. Stable climatic conditions and more efficient production are prerequisites for the development of sustainable agriculture. Hence, in the agricultural production process, reducing the redundancy of input factors is the best way to reduce CO2 emissions and to maintain temperatures, thereby improving the agricultural GTFP. The significance of this study is that it explores the impact of both internal production factors and external climatic factors on the development of sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions, identifying an effective way forward for the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China. 相似文献
9.
ADNAN Shahzada 《干旱区科学》2017,9(6):938-952
Arid regions are highly vulnerable and sensitive to drought. The crops cultivated in arid zones are at high risk due to the high evapotranspiration and water demands. This study analyzed the changes in seasonal and annual evapotranspiration(ET) during 1951–2016 at 50 meteorological stations located in the extremely arid, arid, and semi-arid zones of Pakistan using the Penman Monteith(PM) method. The results show that ET is highly sensitive and positively correlated to temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed whereas vapor pressure is negatively correlated to ET. The study also identifies the relationship of ET with the meteorological parameters in different climatic zones of Pakistan. The significant trend analysis of precipitation and temperature(maximum and minimum) are conducted at 95% confidence level to determine the behaviors of these parameters in the extremely arid, arid, and semi-arid zones. The mean annual precipitation and annual mean maximum temperature significantly increased by 0.828 mm/a and 0.014℃/a in the arid and extremely arid zones, respectively. The annual mean minimum temperature increased by 0.017℃/a in the extremely arid zone and 0.019℃/a in the arid zone, whereas a significant decrease of 0.007℃/a was observed in the semi-arid zone. This study provides probabilistic future scenarios that would be helpful for policy-makers, agriculturists to plan effective irrigation measures towards the sustainable development in Pakistan. 相似文献
10.
石羊河中下游河岸带植被对地下水位变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对石羊河中下游河岸带的地下水位定位观测及植被和土壤水盐含量调查发现：河岸带地下水位与河床横向间距呈正相关;在长流水河段的河岸带,以植被类型、物种丰富度和植被盖度与河床间距的关系,判断河流影响地下水位距河床的范围约为130 m,但对于河岸带植被作用距河床横向间距可达500 m。在断流河段,距古河床0~200 m区间内分布河岸植物种。虽然石羊河下游断流,但河流地貌影响地下水位,有利于植物生长。调查区域内有5个植被型,12个群系和29个群丛,河岸带发育隐域植被类型。当地下水位≤2 m时,沼泽草甸发育;当地下水位3~6 m时,以芦苇、赖草和骆驼蓬为建群种的盐化草甸发育;地下水位≤14 m时,则柽柳灌丛繁茂。石羊河的径流量丰欠影响河岸带地下水位变化,河岸带植被组成、结构和分布响应地下水位埋深。
相似文献
11.
CHEN Yanfeng 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):916-927
Seed germination is a key transitional stage in plant life cycle and is strongly regulated by temperature and light. Therefore, research on the effects of temperature and light on seed germination is extremely meaningful for vegetation restoration, especially in desert ecosystems. Seeds of 28 ephemeral plants collected from the Gurbantunggut Desert of China were incubated at different temperatures (5°C/1°C, 15°C/5°C, 20°C/5°C, 25°C/10°C and 30°C/15°C) in 12-h light/12-h darkness or continuous darkness regimes, and the responses of seed germination to temperature and light and the germination speed were studied in 2016. Results showed that seed germination percentage of the 28 ephemeral plants significantly differed to temperature and light. We classified the studied plants as the following groups based on their responses to temperature: 1 low temperature responsed plants, 12 moderate temperature responsed plants, 7 high temperature responsed plants, 4 non-responsed plants and 5 plants of no germination. It should be noted that Corispermum lehmannianum Bunge is sensitive to both moderate and high temperatures. There were 4 groups of plant in response to light, i.e., 7 light responsed plants, 10 dark responsed plants, 6 light non-responsed plants and 5 plants of no germination. Based on seed germination speed of the 28 ephemeral plants, we divided them into 4 patterns of germination, i.e., very rapid, moderately rapid, moderate and slow. Combining variations of temperature, precipitation and sand dune types in the study area, we suggested that very rapid and moderately rapid germinated plants could be used to moving sand dunes in early spring during vegetation restoration, moderate germinated plants could be used to semi-fixed sand dunes in late autumn, and slow germinated plants could be used to sand plain in summer. Thus, seedling establishment and vegetation restoration would be improved by considering seed germination characteristics of these ephemeral plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. 相似文献
12.
A P Maksimova 《Folia parasitologica》1988,35(3):217-222
A new species, Wardium gvozdevi sp. n., was described from a slender-billed gull (Larus genei Brême) in central Kazakhstan (Lake Tengiz). It was experimentally established that brine shrimps Artemia salina, abundant in the lake, are obligatory intermediate host of the cestodes. Wardium gvozdevi develops in the intermediate host (from an oncosfere to a cysticercoid) during 12-15 days under conditions of Lake Tengiz with the extremely salt water (65-80 per mill) and temperatures of 22-24 degrees C. 相似文献
13.
干旱区湿地植物叶片蒸腾作用与叶性状的关联性研究,对揭示植物叶片叶脉网络性状、叶片形态构建模式与植物体内水分平衡间的内在联系至关重要。以黑河中游湿地胡杨(Populus euphratica)为研究对象,按胡杨林距离水域的远近分别设置:Ⅰ(离水域30~110 m,土壤含水量(SMC)58.23%)、Ⅱ(离水域160~240 m, SMC 40.53%)、Ⅲ(离水域290~370 m, SMC 28.36%)3个样地,研究了不同土壤含水量条件下胡杨叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)与叶性状之间的关联性。结果表明:(1)随着土壤含水量的逐渐减小,胡杨林的高度、胸径和郁闭度均逐渐降低,光合有效辐射(PAR)显著增加;(2)胡杨叶片的叶脉密度、叶厚度、净光合速率(Pn)、Tr、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)逐渐增加,而叶脉直径、叶面积和比叶面积逐渐减小;(3)3个样地胡杨Tr与叶脉密度均呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),与叶面积和比叶面积呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01);(4)在样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅲ,胡杨Tr与叶脉直径呈极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),在样地Ⅱ二者呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。为适应土壤水分的梯度性变化,胡杨种群通过优化叶性状的资源投入以调控叶片蒸腾耗水,实现对土壤水分的有效利用和光合碳同化产物的合理分配,体现了干旱区内陆河湿地植物对特殊生境的生态适应机制。 相似文献
14.
为了探讨播期及晚播期条件下秸秆覆盖保护对加工番茄干物质积累和产量形成的影响。在2009年和2010年以里格尔87-5为材料进行了播期(4月10日、4月25日、5月10日和5月20日)和晚播秸秆覆盖(5月10日F+J和5月20日F+J)的试验。结果表明:在北疆气候条件下播期和秸秆覆盖对移栽和直播加工番茄的物质积累和产量形成都有显著的影响。随着播期的推迟,移栽和直播植株总干物质积累量和产量呈显著下降趋势。移栽和直播单株产量均以4月25日最高,分别为4 498.2 g/株和3 955.9 g/株,显著高于其他播期。在产量构成因子中,播期对移栽和直播植株单株有效结果数影响显著,对平均单果重影响不显著。晚播条件下秸秆覆盖后植株生长较同播期不覆盖处理得到明显改善,移栽植株总干重增加15.5%和9.6%,产量增加36%和39.8%;直播植株总干重增加27.8%和15.7%,产量增加12.2%和9%。秸秆覆盖后移栽植株平均单果重显著增加,而直播植株保持不变或略有降低。 相似文献
15.
Limited water resources often result in reduced crop yield and low water productivity(WP). In northwestern China, crop production is generally dependent on precipitation. Therefore, a variety of agricultural rainwater harvesting(ARH) techniques have been used for conserving soil moisture, ameliorating soil environment, increasing crop yield, and improving water use efficiency. A two-year(2013–2015) field experiment was conducted under a typical sub-humid drought-prone climate in Yangling(108°24′E, 34°20′N; 521 m a.s.l.), Shaanxi Province, China, to explore the effects of mulching(same for summer maize and winter wheat) on soil moisture, soil temperature, crop water consumption, and crop yield with a winter wheat/summer maize rotation. Crops were planted in a ridge-furrow pattern and the treatments consisted of a transparent film mulch over the ridges(M1), a crop straw mulch in the furrows(M2), a transparent film mulch over the ridges and a crop straw mulch in the furrows(M3), a black film mulch over the ridges and a crop straw mulch in the furrows(M4), and a control with no mulch(CK). Results showed that M4 was the best treatment for improving soil water storage and content, and decreasing crop water consumption during the summer maize and winter wheat rotation. In both maize and wheat seasons, M1 had a higher soil temperature than M2 and CK, and M3 had a higher soil temperature than M4. In the maize seasons, M4 had the highest yield, WP, and precipitation productivity(PP), with the average values for these parameters increasing by 30.9%, 39.0%, and 31.0%, respectively, compared to those in CK. In the wheat seasons, however, M3 had the highest yield, WP, and PP, with the average values for these parameters being 23.7%, 26.7%, and 23.8% higher, respectively, than those in CK. Annual yield(maize and wheat yields combined) and WP did not differ significantly between M3 and M4. These results suggested that M3 and M4 may thus be the optimal ARH practices for the production of winter wheat and summer maize, respectively, in arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
16.
围栏封育对新疆蒿类荒漠草地植被及土壤养分的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以新疆封育3年的蒿类荒漠草地为对象,研究干旱区封育对草地植被及土壤养分的影响.结果表明:封育后荒漠草地群落的盖度、产量明显增加(P<0.05),分别比对照提高了11.0%,51.6 g/m~2,且盖度、产量的增加主要是由藜科草类引起;荒漠草地80%以上的地下生物量集中在0～40 cm土层中,且封育促进了0～10 cm土层内生物量的增加(P<0.05);与放牧地相比,封育后土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾及速效氮、磷、钾含量均有所提高,且在0～10 cm的土层中差异显著(P<0.01),而pH值略有上升. 相似文献
17.
The dynamics of egg production of the tapeworm D. dendriticum has been estimated experimentally in nestlings of the herring gull Larus argentatus per day and per reproductive period. Numbers of eggs in strobilae have been estimated for the maturation period. Mean egg production, of one tapeworm per day (10.42 +/- 2.72 mln) is two orders of magnitude as high as the maximal number of eggs in a mature strobila (0.206 +/- 0.007). It is proposed to estimate the coefficient of reproduction intensity as the ratio of egg output per unit of time and maximum egg numbers in a mature strobila. 相似文献
18.
Soils from an orchard sprayed annually (1953-1969) with technical DDT (77% pp′DDT and 22 % pp′DDT) were analysed for residues from 1964 until 1969. The amount of DDT found after 17 years was 21 %pp′DDTout of 27.1 kg/ha applied, and 7 % of pp′DDT out of 7.6 kg/ha. The vertical distribution of residues (pp′DDT, pp′DDE, pp′TDE and pp′DDT) showed a linear relationship between log amount and depth, with approximately 80% in the top 10 cm of soil. At depths from 50 to 210 cm, residue values were too small to be determined (i.e. < 1 ng/g dry wt). The surface distribution in the orchard showed a systematic pattern of circular areas of residues, with maximum values centred at each trunk (7.5 μg/g) and decreasing rapidly to each alley (1.9 ug/g). The levels of pp′DDT had reached a steady state (3-4 kg/ha) and the half-life time was calculated as 3.0 j′ears. pp′DDE (1.8 kg/ha) was the main metabolite of pp′DDT. Small amounts of pp′TDE were also found, pp′DDT was less persistent than pp′DDT, with a half-life time of 1.5 years. 相似文献
19.
Ecosystems in high-altitude regions are more sensitive and respond more rapidly than other ecosystems to global climate warming.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)of China is an ecologically fragile zone that is sensitive to global climate warming.It is of great importance to study the changes in aboveground biomass and species diversity of alpine meadows on the QTP under predicted future climate warming.In this study,we selected an alpine meadow on the QTP as the study object and used infrared radiators as the warming device for a simulation experiment over eight years(2011-2018).We then analyzed the dynamic changes in aboveground biomass and species diversity of the alpine meadow at different time scales,including an early stage of warming(2011-2013)and a late stage of warming(2016-2018),in order to explore the response of alpine meadows to short-term(three years)and long-term warming(eight years).The results showed that the short-term warming increased air temperature by 0.31℃and decreased relative humidity by 2.54%,resulting in the air being warmer and drier.The long-term warming increased air temperature and relative humidity by 0.19℃and 1.47%,respectively,and the air tended to be warmer and wetter.The short-term warming increased soil temperature by 2.44℃and decreased soil moisture by 12.47%,whereas the long-term warming increased soil temperature by 1.76℃and decreased soil moisture by 9.90%.This caused the shallow soil layer to become warmer and drier under both short-term and long-term warming.Furthermore,the degree of soil drought was alleviated with increased warming duration.Under the long-term warming,the importance value and aboveground biomass of plants in different families changed.The importance values of grasses and sedges decreased by 47.56%and 3.67%,respectively,while the importance value of weeds increased by 1.37%.Aboveground biomass of grasses decreased by 36.55%,while those of sedges and weeds increased by 8.09%and 15.24%,respectively.The increase in temperature had a non-significant effect on species diversity.The species diversity indices increased at the early stage of warming and decreased at the late stage of warming,but none of them reached significant levels(P>0.05).Species diversity had no significant correlation with soil temperature and soil moisture under both short-term and long-term warming.Soil temperature and aboveground biomass were positively correlated in the control plots(P=0.014),but negatively correlated under the long-term warming(P=0.013).Therefore,eight years of warming aggravated drought in the shallow soil layer,which is beneficial for the growth of weeds but not for the growth of grasses.Warming changed the structure of alpine meadow communities and had a certain impact on the community species diversity.Our studies have great significance for the protection and effective utilization of alpine vegetation,as well as for the prevention of grassland degradation or desertification in high-altitude regions. 相似文献