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Dew is an important supplement water source in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to determine the dew formation on different kinds of soils associated with various shrub species and microhabitats, we performed measurement of accumulated dew formation amount and duration in October 2009 in a revegetation-stabilized arid desert ecosystem in Shapotou area, northern China. The results indicated that the accumulated dew formation amount was four times larger at open spaces as compared to under the canopy, and it was nearly twice as much under living Artemisia ordosica plants（L.A.） as compared to under living Caragana korshinskii plants（L.C.）. The opposite characteristics were found for dew duration between different microhabitats. Dew amounts at different vertical heights around the shrub stands were in the order of 50 cm above the canopy〉the canopy edge〉under the canopy. Dew amount continued to increase after dawn, and the proportion of average accumulated dew amount after dawn accounting for the average maximum amount increased from above the canopy to under the canopy. Dew formation duration after sunrise accounted for more than 50% of the total formation duration during the day time. Contrary to the distribution characteristics of dew amount, dew duration after dawn and total dew formation duration during the day time were both highest under the canopy, followed by at the canopy edge and then at 50 cm above the canopy. The portion of dew duration after dawn accounting for the total dew duration during the day time increased from above the canopy to under the canopy. From these results, we may conclude that dew availability as a supplemental water resource for improving the microhabitats in water-limited arid ecosystems is position dependent especially for the plant microhabitats at different stands layers. 相似文献
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《干旱区科学》2017,(4)
Dew is an important water source for plants in arid and semi-arid regions. However, information on dew is scarce in such regions. In this study, we explored dew formation, amount, and duration of rain-fed jujube(Zizyphus jujube Mill) trees in a semi-arid loess hilly region of China(i.e., Mizhi County). The data included dew intensity and duration, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed measured from 26 July to 23 October, 2012 and from 24 June to 17 October, 2013 using a micro-climate system(including dielectric leaf wetness sensors, VP-3 Relative Humidity/Temperature Sensor, High Resolution Rain Gauge, and Davis Cup Anemometer). The results show that atmospheric conditions of relative humidity of 78% and dew point temperature of 1°C–3°C are significantly favorable to dew formation. Compared with the rainfall, dew was characterized by high frequency, strong stability, and long duration. Furthermore, heavy dew accounted for a large proportion of the total amount. The empirical models(i.e., relative humidity model(RH model) and dew point depression model(DPD model)) for daily dew duration estimation performed well at 15-min intervals, with low errors ranging between 1.29 and 1.60 h, respectively. But it should be noted that the models should be calibrated firstly by determining the optimal thresholds of relatively humidity for RH model and dew point depression for DPD model. For rain-fed jujube trees in the semi-arid loess hilly regions of China, the optimal threshold of relative humidity was 78%, and the optimal upper and lower thresholds of dew point depression were 1°C and 5°C, respectively. The study further demonstrates that dew is an important water resource that cannot be ignored for rain-fed jujube trees and may affect water balance at regional scales. 相似文献
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Dew is an essential water resource for the survival and reproduction of organisms in arid and semi-arid regions. Yet estimating the dew amount and quantifying its long-term variation are challenging. In this study, we elucidate the dew amount and its long-term variation in the Kunes River Valley, Northwest China, based on the measured daily dew amount and reconstructed values (using meteorological data from 1980 to 2021), respectively. Four key results were found: (1) the daily mean dew amount was 0.05 mm during the observation period (4 July-12 August and 13 September-7 October of 2021). In 35 d of the observation period (i.e., 73% of the observation period), the daily dew amount exceeded the threshold (>0.03 mm/d) for microorganisms; (2) air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed had significant impacts on the daily dew amount based on the relationships between the measured dew amount and meteorological variables; (3) for estimating the daily dew amount, random forest (RF) model outperformed multiple linear regression (MLR) model given its larger R2 and lower MAE and RMSE; and (4) the dew amount during June-October and in each month did not vary significantly from 1980 to the beginning of the 21st century. It then significantly decreased for about a decade, after it increased slightly from 2013 to 2021. For the whole meteorological period of 1980-2021, the dew amount decreased significantly during June-October and in July and September, and there was no significant variation in June, August, and October. Variation in the dew amount in the Kunes River Valley was mainly driven by relative humidity. This study illustrates that RF model can be used to reconstruct long-term variation in the dew amount, which provides valuable information for us to better understand the dew amount and its relationship with climate change. 相似文献
5.
毛乌素沙地凝结水动态变化及其影响因子的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于2002年5~10月间运用直接称重法对毛乌素沙地臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)群落林间空地的0-1.5cm表层土壤凝结水连续观测资料,分析讨论了凝结水的日变化和季节变化特征以及影响凝结水形成的环境因子。结果表明:毛乌素沙地天然臭柏群落内各月均有凝结水发生,并且可从午后持续至翌日清晨,但各月间凝结水量和凝结持续时间有所不同。5月份凝结水持续时间最短,凝结水量也最少;而9月份凝结水持续时间最长,凝结水量也最多。影响毛乌素沙地凝结水形成的主要环境因子有风速、大气相对湿度、气-地温差及其相互作用。其中,风速与凝结量间存在较高相关性,而气温能否趋近或降至露点产生土壤凝结水是决定夜间水分凝结量的一个关键因素。 相似文献
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Sophia RATCLIFFE 《干旱区科学》2012,4(1):11-18
Dew has been recognized for its ecological significance and has also been identified as an additional source of water in arid zones.We used factorial control experiment,under dew presence in the field,to explore photosynthetic performance,water status and growth response of desert annual herbage.Bassia dasyphylla seedlings were grown in contrasting dew treatments (dew-absent and dew-present) and different watering regimes (normal and deficient).The effects of dew on the water status and photosynthetic performance of Bassia dasyphylla,grown in a desert area of the Hexi Corridor in Northwestern China,were evaluated.The results indicated the presence of dew significantly increased relative water content (RWC) of shoots and total biomass of plants in both water regimes,and enhanced the diurnal shoot water potential and stomatal conductance in the early morning,as well as photosynthetic rate,which reached its maximum only in the water-stressed regime.The presence of dew increased aboveground growth of plants and photosynthate accumulation in leaves,but decreased the root-to-shoot ratio in both water regimes.Dew may have an important role in improving plant water status and ameliorating the adverse effects of plants exposed to prolonged drought. 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal pattern and changes of evapotranspiration in arid Central Asia and Xinjiang of China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Saparnov ABDULLA 《干旱区科学》2012,4(1):105-112
Accurate inversion of land surface evapotranspiration (ET) in arid areas is of great significance for understanding global eco-hydrological process and exploring the spatio-temporal variation and ecological response of water resources.It is also important in the functional evaluation of regional water cycle and water balance,as well as the rational allocation and management of water resources.This study,based on model validation analysis at varied scales in five Central Asian countries and China's Xinjiang,developed an appropriate approach for ET inversion in arid lands.The actual ET during growing seasons of the study area was defined,and the changes in water participating in evaporation in regional water cycle were then educed.The results show the simulation error of SEBS (Surface Energy Balance System) model under cloud amount consideration was 1.34% at 30-m spatial scale,2.75% at 1-km spatial scale and 6.37% at 4-km spatial scale.ET inversion for 1980-2007 applying SEBS model in the study area indicates:(1) the evaporation depth (May-September) by land types descends in the order of waters (660.24 mm) > cultivated land (464.66 mm) > woodland (388.44 mm) > urbanized land (168.16 mm) > grassland (160.48 mm) > unused land (83.08 mm);and (2) ET during the 2005 growing season in Xinjiang and Central Asia was 2,168.68×10 8 m 3 (with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.05) and 9,741.03×10 8 m 3 (with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.4),respectively.The results unveiled the spatio-temporal variation rules of ET process in arid areas,providing a reference for further research on the water cycle and water balance in similar arid regions. 相似文献
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以干旱区典型流域-玛纳斯河流域为研究区,利用1976、1989、20005年三期遥感影像结合G IS软件,探查近30年玛纳斯河流域耕地时空变化及其生态环境效应。结果表明:该流域耕地资源在时间和空间上都发生了较大的变化。耕地总量在不断增加,由1976年3418.71km2增至2005年5907.62km2,且1989~2005年间耕地年均增长较1976~1989年更快。矩阵分析则表明了耕地的增加是依靠开垦草地与盐碱地。耕地的减少主要是由于建设占用耕地、耕地撂荒转变为盐碱地或沙地以及退耕还林。空间上流域耕地范围扩大,在绿洲区分布趋于连片,而绿洲边缘的耕地破碎性有所增强,耕地成为流域最主要的景观。由于耕地的不断扩大,致使流域生态环境发生了剧烈的变化,出现了如尾闾湖干涸、草场退化、土地退化、生物多样性降低等一系列的生态环境问题。 相似文献
10.
Yunfei GAO 《干旱区科学》2019,11(3):371-384
As a main component in water balance, evapotranspiration(ET) is of great importance for water saving, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. In this study, the FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization) Penman-Monteith model was used to estimate the magnitude and temporal dynamics of reference evapotranspiration(ET0) in 2014 in subalpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. Meanwhile, actual ET(ETc) was also investigated by the eddy covariance(EC) system. Results indicated that ETc estimated by the EC System was 583 mm, lower than ET0(923 mm) estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith model in 2014. Moreover, ET0 began to increase in March and reached the peak value in August and then declined in September, however, ETc began to increase from April and reached the peak value in July, and then declined in August. Total ETc and ET0 values during the growing season(from May to September) were 441 and 666 mm, respectively, which accounted for 75.73% of annual cumulative ETc and 72.34% of annual cumulative ET0, respectively. A crop coefficient(k_c) was also estimated for calculating the ETc, and average value of kc during the growing season was 0.81(ranging from 0.45 to 1.16). Air temperature(T_a), wind speed(u), net radiation(R_n) and soil temperature(T_s) at the depth of 5 cm and aboveground biomass were critical factors for affecting kc, furthermore, a daily empirical kc equation including these main driving factors was developed. Our result demonstrated that the ETc value estimated by the data of kc and ET0 was validated and consistent with the growing season data in 2015 and 2016. 相似文献
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SI Jianhua 《干旱区科学》2015,7(5):665-674
Nighttime sap flow is a potentially important factor that affects whole-plant water balance and water-use efficiency(WUE). Its functions include predawn disequilibrium between plant and soil water potentials as well as between the increments of oxygen supply and nutrient uptake. However, main factors that drive nighttime sap flow remain unclear, and researches related to the relationship between nighttime sap flow velocity and environmental factors are limited. Accordingly, we investigated the variations in the nighttime sap flow of Populus euphratica in a desert riparian forest of an extremely arid region, Northwest China. Results indicated that P. euphratica sap flow occurred throughout the night during the growing season because of the partial stomata opening. Nighttime sap flow for the P. euphratica forest accounted for 31%–47% of its daily sap flow during the growing season. The high value of nighttime sap flow could be the result of high stomatal conductance and could have significant implications for water budgets. Throughout the whole growing season, nighttime sap flow velocity of P. euphratica was positively correlated with the vapor pressure deficit(VPD), air temperature and soil water content. We found that VPD and soil water content were the main driving factors for nighttime sap flow of P. euphratica. 相似文献
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甘肃省近43年降水资源变化对农业的影响 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：8
选取甘肃省63个地面测站降水量资料,利用对比分析方法,研究了甘肃省降水资源变化特征及其对农业的影响.结果表明:年降水量,越冬作物生育期、春小麦生育期和秋作物生育期的降水量1987-2003年与1961-1986年相比,时空分布发生了明显变化,河西中东部为增多趋势,河东为减少趋势,分界线与黄河走向基本一致;河东年降水量减少的幅度和速率比河西增加的幅度和速率都大,河东气候向暖干化发展的趋势加快;旱作区降水量减少,极端干旱事件频繁发生,可利用降水资源更加紧缺,对农业可持续发展的负面影响明显增大. 相似文献
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近52 a长白山苔原带生长季气候变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用长白山苔原带天池站1959-2010年6-9月气象数据,进行生长季气候变化分析。采用距平值、小波分析、Mann Kendall检验相结合的方法,进行温度、降水周期性变化与突变点的检验;采用线性倾向估计法,分析未来气候变化的趋势;并通过气候变化指数,反映其气候变化情况。结果显示：52 a来,长白山苔原带生长季经历了暖湿-冷干-暖湿-冷干-冷湿-冷干-暖干几个主要阶段,温度变化周期为5～10 a,降水变化周期为5 a和20 a.。温度变化的突变年份发生在1998年,降水变化较之温度变化复杂,其存在多个突变年份;各气象要素的变化趋势大都表现为显著的升高,其中温度的变化最为明显,风速、日照时数的变化甚微;霜冻日数与冰点日数均显著减少,极端温度大多出现在21世纪;伴随着>0.1 mm降雨日数的显著减小,长白山苔原带降水强度不断增加;与植物生长相关的生长季≥0 ℃积温、≥3 ℃积温和≥5 ℃积温在52 a间呈显著增加趋势,积温的增加将会对生长季的延长及植物生长起到显著的促进作用。 相似文献
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Daily dew amount and dew duration were simulated using a multi-layer energy balance model. Two simplifications were made in the model and validated. First, the simulation results showed that daily weather data instead of hourly weather data could be used to simulate dew formation in crops, which was validated by measurements for short grass vegetation. Second, estimation of the total daily dew period was shown to be possible on the basis of nightly dew formation only. This simplification was possible on the basis of the existence of a linear relationship between the dew period after sunrise on the one hand and the dew amount at sunrise on the other. The multi-layer crop microweather model becomes much smaller and simpler (and is then called the SIMPLE model) if only night dew formation is simulated. Our results will make it possible to incorporate the SIMPLE model into a fungal disease epidemic model and a basic crop growth model. 相似文献
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水分是影响半干旱雨养作物生长、发育及产量形成最重要的环境因素。以中国西北半干旱区田间试验为基础,收集长期观测资料和文献数据,分析春小麦产量与水分之间的关系及其环境影响因素,揭示不同环境条件下春小麦水分限制特征和调控机制。研究表明：半干旱区常规管理水平下,雨养春小麦产量与水分间的关系相对稳定,然而播前土壤储水影响生育期降水与春小麦产量间的关系,不同播前土壤储水条件下,每增加1 mm降水量,春小麦产量的增加量分别为21.3 kg·hm-2和16.8 kg·hm-2。生育期大气干湿条件（潜在蒸发量与降水的差值）对播前土壤储水与春小麦产量间的关系也有影响,其中大气较为干燥时（潜在蒸发量与降水的差值大于425 mm）,产量与土壤水分间关系斜率为22.9 kg·hm-2·mm-1,大气较为湿润时（潜在蒸发量与降水的差值小于425 mm）,斜率为20.1 kg·hm-2·mm-1。相较生育期降水,播前土壤储水对春小麦产量更具有决定性作用。半干旱雨养春小麦的气候年型由播前土壤储水和生育期大气干湿条件共同决定。增加播前土壤水分储量、在生育期的特定阶段灌溉均会改变小麦耗水量与产量之间的关系,并最终导致小麦水分利用效率发生变化。大气干湿条件和灌溉条件共同导致中国西北不同地区春小麦边界函数存在差异。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Four linear regression methods and a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) were evaluated for estimation of moisture occurrence and duration at the flag leaf level of wheat. Moisture on a flat-plate resistance sensor was predicted by time, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation provided by an automated weather station. Dew onset was estimated by a classification regression tree model. The models were developed using micrometeorological data measured from 1993 to 1995 and tested on data from 1996 and 1997. The GRNN outperformed the linear regression methods in predicting moisture occurrence with and without dew estimation as well as in predicting duration of moisture periods. Average absolute error for prediction of moisture occurrence by GRNN was at least 31% smaller than that obtained by the linear regression methods. Moreover, the GRNN correctly predicted 92.7% of the moisture duration periods critical to disease development in the test data, while the best linear method correctly predicted only 86.6% for the same data. Temporal error distribution in prediction of moisture periods was more highly concentrated around the correct value for the GRNN than linear regression methods. Neural network technology is a promising tool for reasonably precise and accurate moisture monitoring in plant disease management. 相似文献
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潮白河流域气象水文干旱特征及其响应关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用潮白河流域7个气象站1960-2011年逐月降水以及密云水库同时期入库流量数据，分别以SPI和SDI两个干旱指标表征气象、水文干旱，采用游程理论、M-K检验、滑动t-检验、Spearman秩相关检验等方法研究了该流域气象水文干旱特征，并探求水文、气象干旱的响应关系。结果表明：研究期内潮白河流域气象干旱多以短历时干旱事件为主，历时1-2个月的干旱事件达研究期内气象干旱事件总次数的67.18%；但是气象干旱的年干旱烈度及其历时未通过MK趋势显著性检验，其线性斜率值仅为-0.025和-0.005，变化趋势不明显。而水文干旱存在极长历时重烈度干旱事件，历时达4个月以上的干旱事件达研究期内水文干旱事件总次数的46.54%，最长干旱历时达45个月；且研究期内水文干旱的年干旱烈度及其历时均通过显著性检验，线性斜率值达-0.419和0.228，变化显著；二者均在1980年和1998年出现突变现象。自20世纪90年代末以来，潮白河流域水文干旱频繁发生，且多为长历时连续干旱。研究期内水文干旱滞后气象干旱约1个月。 相似文献
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甘肃省耕地数量变化特征及其对粮食安全的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用51年的耕地统计数据和近年的土地利用详查变更数据,揭示了甘肃省土地利用结构和耕地面积变化的总体特征,1955～2005年,甘肃省耕地面积和人均耕地面积呈现出逐年下降趋势,而粮食产量和人均粮食产量却呈现出上升趋势,最小人均耕地面积和耕地面积压力指数虽逐渐减小,但耕地压力指数历年都大于1,说明此期粮食的供给小于需求,粮食处于不安全状态。运用回归分析方法、预测理论、最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数模型,对耕地面积变化的主要驱动因子进行了分析,在定量分析耕地数量变化和人口增长及经济发展关系的基础上,对未来15年耕地、人口、粮食、最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数进行了预测。结果显示:2006～2020年,耕地压力指数继续减小,且越来越接近1,这说明耕地面积-人口-粮食之间的供需矛盾减小,粮食安全形势有所缓解。 相似文献
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陇东地区植被指数NDVI与降水的关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1982～2003年NOAA/AVHRR(advanced very high resolution rediometer)资料及同期的降水资料,对甘肃省陇东地区半干旱区环县和半湿润区西峰的植被指数NDVI与不同时间尺度的标准化降水指数SPI进行相关分析.结果表明:在植被生长季,植被对降水的敏感程度半干旱区大于半湿润区;大多数月NDVI与3-SPI的相关系数较高,而与1-SPI较低;半干旱区和半湿润区NDVI的年变化幅度分别为:-12%～10%和-10%～13%,半干旱区NDVI的年变化与SPI变化趋势吻合较好,显著相关(P<0.05),而在半湿润区二者并不显著;半干旱区的年NDVI与四季降水均显著相关(P<0.05),而半湿润区年NDVI只与冬春季的降水显著相关(P<0.05). 相似文献
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近50年中国干旱半干旱地区降水量与潜在蒸散量分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在中国干旱半干旱地区日气象数据分析的基础上,依据彭曼公式计算出潜在蒸散量,以及生长季内的年平均降水量与潜在蒸散量二者的差值,利用空间分异分析,气候倾向率检测,以及时间序列MK突变检验等方法分析了降水量与潜在蒸散量的时空变化特征。结果表明:总体来看,我国干旱半干旱区50年来东、西部的气候变化有明显的差异,西北地区降水量增加,潜在蒸散量减少,干旱化程度在减轻,且变化十分显著。而东部干旱半干旱区降水量减少,潜在蒸散量增加,干旱化严重。 相似文献