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1.
微波干燥对天然橡胶硫化胶热氧老化性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究3种不同干燥方式所得天然橡胶硫化胶的热氧老化性能。采用TG和DTG测定了空气氛围下干燥后样品硫化胶的热氧降解温度,运用Coats-Redfern方程计算N2氛围下样品硫化胶热降解活化能;采用RPA 2000在应变为0.5 deg下进行频率扫描来评估样品耐热老化性能,并测定了样品硫化胶老化前后的力学性能。结果表明,微波干燥天然橡胶的力学性能明显优于热空气干燥和自然干燥,性能变化率和老化系数更大,样品RPA频率扫描tanδ值的增值更大,微波干燥样品的热降解活化能高于热空气干燥9 kJ/mol,与自然干燥样品接近,说明微波干燥天然橡胶硫化胶的热稳定性好,耐热氧老化性能得到显著提高。 相似文献
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2种凝固工艺制备的天然橡胶热降解表观活化能 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用热重-微商热重(TG -DTG )方法研究了在流动的空气状态下 2 种凝固工艺制备的天然橡胶(NR )的热降解动力学,用 O zaw a 方程求取不同转化率 α 时的反应活化能 E,外推至转化率 α 为 0 的表观活化能 Eα→0,并用 Coats-Redfern 方程求取不同的加热速率 β 的反应活化能 E,外推 β 为 0 的表观活化能 Eβ→0。结果表明:甲酸凝固制备的 NR 在空气气氛中热降解反应表观活化能 Eα→0 为 101.6 kJ/mol,Eβ→0 为 104.5 kJ/mol,确定其表观活化能为 101.6￣104.5 kJ/m ol;自然凝固 7 d 制备的 N R 热降解反应表观活化能 Eα→0 为 107.7kJ/mol,Eβ→0 为 106.6 kJ/mol,确定其表观活化能为 106.6￣107.7 kJ/mol。自然凝固工艺制备的 NR 热降解反应的表观活化能高于甲酸凝固工艺制备的 NR 热降解反应的表观活化能。 相似文献
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自然凝固和乙酸凝固的天然橡胶动态性能的比较 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)和动态力学热分析仪(DMA)对同一批新鲜天然胶乳的乙酸凝固和自然凝固工艺制备的天然橡胶(NR)生胶、混炼胶及硫化胶的弹性模量(G′)、弹性扭矩(S′)、损耗因子(tanδ)、储能模量(E′)、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)及损耗模量(E″)进行研究.结果表明:自然凝固的生胶、混炼胶及硫化胶的G及S′比乙酸凝固的生胶、混炼胶及硫化胶的高,tanδ较乙酸凝固的生胶、混炼胶及硫化胶的小;在低温时,自然凝固NR硫化胶的E′比乙酸凝固NR硫化胶的低,Tg及E″较乙酸凝固NR硫化胶的高,但当温度大于-80℃时,自然凝固的硫化胶的E′则稍高. 相似文献
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不同干燥方式所得干天然橡胶的形态结构与性能 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
采用燃烧柴油产生热风干燥湿天然橡胶胶粒(热风温度115℃)和微波干燥湿天然橡胶胶粒(湿天然橡胶表面温度115℃),并研究其干胶粒的形态结构和性能.结果表明,采用微波干燥的于天然橡胶胶粒表面粗糙,仍基本保留湿天然橡胶加工胶粒过程所产生的切割痕迹;而热风干燥的干天然橡胶胶粒表面熔融平滑,已失去湿天然橡胶加工胶粒过程所产牛的切割痕迹.微波干燥的干天然橡胶分子量大于热风干燥的干天然橡胶分子量.微波干燥的干天然橡胶硫化胶的耐热氧老化性能得到显著提高,其老化前后拉伸强度变化率(-37%)和扯断伸长率变化率(-65%)明显高于热风干燥的干天然橡胶硫化胶的拉伸强度变化率(-57%)和扯断伸长率变化率(-87%). 相似文献
5.
胶乳的凝固和干燥是天然生胶生产的重要环节。在不同凝固方式（酸凝固、微波凝固、自然凝固、微生物凝固）、不同干燥方式（自然风干、热风干燥）等不同工艺下研究了天然橡胶（NR）的理化性能及其臭氧老化前后物理机械性能,发现微生物凝固胶在相同臭氧老化条件下其拉伸强度最高,且变化率最低。采用臭氧老化研究的结果表明：微生物凝固胶（m-NR）硫化胶在静态拉伸状态下臭氧龟裂达到16 h。热重分析探讨了不同工艺NR硫化胶热老化过程,并采用衰减全反射傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR-ATR）技术初步探讨了臭氧对微生物凝固胶的老化作用。 相似文献
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以γ型纳米Al2O3补强[天然橡胶（NR）/顺丁橡胶（BR）/炭黑]耐磨橡胶衬板,研究纳米Al2O3对橡胶衬板混炼胶的硫化特性和加工性能以及硫化胶的力学性能、耐磨耗性能和耐热分解性能的影响。结果表明,纳米Al2O3适宜的添加质量分数为3％,此时,橡胶衬板混炼胶的焦烧时间和正硫化时间延长、加工安全性改善但不会影响胶料的硫化程度,并具有较好的加工流动性;纳米Al2O3增强的橡胶衬板硫化胶具有更优异的综合力学性能,且其磨耗量降低了46.2％,初始降解温度提高了58 ℃以上,从而使橡胶衬板硫化胶具有良好的耐磨耗性能和热稳定性能。 相似文献
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天然橡胶的生产主要采用传统的热风干燥,但天然橡胶是热的不良导体且自粘性强,导致热风干燥普遍具有干燥效率低、胶料发粘和夹生等问题,这对产品的性能带来不利影响。而螺杆挤压膨胀干燥工艺作为一种新干燥工艺,已被广泛应用于合成橡胶工业,具有干燥效率高、自动化水平高和工艺稳定等特点,在天然橡胶（NR）生产加工中具有良好的发展和应用前景。本研究对比了传统热风干燥（NT）和螺杆挤压膨胀干燥（NCT）2种工艺制备NR的结构,分析NCT的性能特点,以探讨螺杆挤压膨胀干燥工艺运用在天然橡胶生产加工中的可行性。结果表明：在生胶层面,螺杆挤压膨胀干燥工艺由于干燥温度低、干燥用时短,能够有效降低NR分子链在干燥过程中受到的热氧降解,因此NCT相比NT而言具有更高的塑性初值、门尼粘度和凝胶含量,且对于蛋白质、挥发分等非胶组分的影响较小;对于纯胶配方硫化胶,NCT相较NT而言表现出更快的硫化速率。通过使用Mooney-Rivlin方程对硫化胶内部网络结构进行了拟合,发现NCT硫化后的有效交联密度和化学交联网络的数量相对较低,这使得NCT的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和模量等常规力学性能低于NT,疲劳性能方面也表现出了相对较高的压缩生热和蠕变。对于炭黑配方硫化胶,NCT与NT的常规力学性能无明显差异,这可能是由于硫化促进剂N-叔丁基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺的硫化速率较快所导致。但在动态力学性能方面,NCT的疲劳寿命更长,表现出更优异的动态疲劳性能,这与螺杆挤压膨胀干燥工艺能改善炭黑分散性有关。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献