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百香果是西番莲科西番莲属的芳香热带水果,其果皮约占鲜果的55%,富含膳食纤维、维生素、花色苷及果胶等多种有效成分,加强对百香果皮的产业化利用具有重要的环境价值和商业潜力。为充分利用百香果皮资源,提高百香果皮有效成分的利用率,先后采用微波辅助、超声波辅助和微生物发酵技术,从百香果皮中提取果胶、花色苷和膳食纤维等有效成分,通过单因素试验和响应面分析对提取过程的各阶段关键环节进行优化。结果表明：百香果果皮中果胶最佳提取条件为液料比65∶1(mL/g)、pH 2.5、微波功率450 W、微波时间5.0 min;从提取果胶后的滤渣中提取花色苷的最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度50%,液料比60∶1(mL/g),pH 3.5,超声功率550 W,超声时间35 min;从提取果胶和花色苷后的百香果皮渣中提取膳食纤维最佳提取条件为液料比12.5∶1(mL/g),接种量5.0%,发酵温度35℃,发酵时间20 h,在此工艺条件下,百香果皮中果胶、花色苷和膳食纤维的得率分别为12.45%±0.06%、1.21%±0.03%和55.56%±0.05%。联产工艺中,花色苷、膳食纤维的得率虽然与单产相比分别减少了15.39... 相似文献
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为充分利用废弃物葡萄柚果皮,进一步提高葡萄柚果皮中柚皮苷的提取效率,采用响应面分析法对葡萄柚柚皮苷微波辅助提取工艺中的乙醇体积分数、液料比、微波时间3因子的最优化组合进行定量研究,建立并分析各因素与柚皮苷得率关系的数学模型。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数80%,液料比70∶1(mL/g),提取时间50 s,重复提取3次。在此条件下,以柚皮苷得率为模型预测可获得柚皮苷得率为57.35 mg/g,与理论值57.75 mg/g基本一致。说明数学模型能较好的预测葡萄柚果皮中柚皮苷的提取率。 相似文献
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利用高效液相色谱-质谱技术,分析3个酿酒葡萄品种(美乐、品丽珠、赤霞珠)不同品系及同一品系(赤霞珠338)不同定植地点葡萄果皮中的花色苷种类与含量。结果表明:同一品种不同品系之间花色苷种类相似,但花色苷含量有所差异,差异程度取决于葡萄品种;‘美乐348’总花色苷含量显著高于‘美乐181’,且其花翠素类花色苷含量明显高于其他3个品系,品系间大部分花色苷含量差异显著;尽管‘品丽珠’和‘赤霞珠’各品系在花色苷总量和花翠素类花色苷上没有明显差异,但这2个品种的品系之间有少数基本花色苷含量呈现显著性差异;同一品系不同定植地点,果实花色苷总量和组成比例都存在较大差异。结果说明果实中各种花色苷组成比例既依赖于品种,也受品系和产地的影响,且产地因素的影响大于品系。 相似文献
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以紫薯‘济黑’为原料,酸化乙醇为溶剂提取其中的花色苷成分,单因素实验探讨不同因素对提取效果的影响,并通过响应面法建立二次多项数学模型,确定紫薯花色苷最佳浸提条件为:乙醇浓度60%、浸提时间127 min、液料比18∶1,该条件下紫薯花色苷实际浸提值为2.680 mg/g。以VC作为对照,从DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O2·-)、羟自由基(·OH)清除率及总抗氧化活性4个方面考察了紫薯花色苷的体外抗氧化能力,结果表明,紫薯花色苷粗提物对DPPH、O_2~-·和·OH均有较好的清除活性,其IC50值分别为1.245、332.291和70.830 mg/L,均小于VC的IC50值,紫薯花色苷粗提物的总抗氧化能力为101.38 U/mg,具有较强的抗氧化活性。 相似文献
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玉米子粒色素稳定性比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用比色法对两种玉米子粒花色苷色素的色谱及稳定性进行研究。结果表明：西星赤糯1号玉米子粒色素最大吸收峰为506 nm,酸性条件下为酒红色;黑包公鲜玉米子粒色素的最大吸收峰为528 nm,酸性条件下为玫瑰红色。两种玉米子粒花色苷色素对室内散射光、温度(20℃～60℃)、食盐、蔗糖、葡萄糖、维生素C、柠檬酸、乙酸、防腐剂苯甲酸钠(C7H5NaO2)以及Mg2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Ca2+、K+、Na+均表现稳定,对室外自然光、氧化剂H2O2(30%)、还原剂亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)以及Fe3+、Fe2+、Cu2+表现不稳定。 相似文献
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以‘黑珍珠’李为试材,测定其色泽参数及其发育过程中的糖酸种类与含量、花青苷的种类与含量,并进行花青苷含量与色泽参数的相关性分析、花青苷含量与糖酸含量的通径分析。结果表明:果实中检测到6种有机酸。苹果酸含量最高,其次是顺乌头酸、莽草酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸和富马酸。果实中葡萄糖和果糖含量变化不大,山梨醇含量相对较低,蔗糖含量随着果实发育逐渐升高。黑珍珠李中主要有矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷,果实发育前期果皮和果肉花青苷含量相差不大,而从花后(DAF)85 d开始,果皮花青苷含量急剧增加,此时色泽参数也有相应变化,但果肉花青苷含量与色差变化不大。相关性分析发现,李果皮发育过程中,花青苷含量与L*和b*成负相关,与a*成正相关,果肉花青苷含量与色泽参数相关性不大;通径分析表明,果皮中苹果酸通过其他糖酸对总花青苷的影响较大,果肉中琥珀酸对于其他5个酸起着较大的贡献,而顺乌头酸起着负作用,葡萄糖对于其他3个糖在花青苷的合成上也起着负作用。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了寻找一种高效的荔枝果实瞬时基因表达方法,本研究以荔枝品种‘新球蜜荔’（Litchi chinensis Sonn. var. ‘Xinqiumili’）为试材,利用农杆菌注射法对荔枝果实组织进行转化,研究了果实发育时期、菌株种类、注射部位、取样时间、菌液浓度等对转化效率的影响。结果表明：选择果肉已完全包裹种子的Ⅱb期果实进行连体注射,在果柄、果皮、种子、果肉分别注入OD600值为2.4的农杆菌菌株GV3101,4 d后取样进行检测,4个组织的GUS染色率较高。本研究成功建立了适用于荔枝果实的基因瞬时表达系统,为今后快速鉴定荔枝果实相关基因功能提供了基础。 相似文献
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2020年10月17日,《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》)通过全国人大常委会的审议,自2021年4月15日起施行.生物技术的研究与应用安全是《生物安全法》涉及的主要内容之一,基因编辑作为近几年生物技术领域的研究热点,其安全性评价和监管备受关注.本文概述了基因编辑技术的应用现状,比较了不同国家对基因编... 相似文献