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1.
采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术对金钟藤叶石油醚萃取部分脂溶性成分进行分析。结果表明：从金钟藤叶石油醚萃取部分中共鉴定出54种化合物，占色谱峰的76.23%。金钟藤叶石油醚萃取部分脂溶性成分主要为醇类、酯类、萜类、烃类、酸类等，其中含量较高的成分依次为叶绿醇(11.90%)、穿贝海绵甾醇(5.99%)、十烷烃(4.58%)、棕榈酸乙酯(4.14%)、蒲公英醇(3.75%)、三十烷(3.05%)、异丁基邻苯二甲酸(2.84%)、豆甾醇(2.11%)、十八烷二醇(2.11%)、正癸酸(2.07%)、生育酚(2.00%)，说明金钟藤叶石油醚萃取部分脂溶性成分中确实含有具有化感作用的化学物质。此研究为金钟藤的化感成分研究提供依据。 相似文献
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牛大力藤叶脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用气相色谱一质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对牛大力藤叶片脂溶性成分进行分析测定,并结合计算机检索技术对其成分进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果显示,共鉴定了41个化学成分(除豆甾醇外,其余40个化学成分在该植物中属首次报道),其相对含量为81.22%.其中含量较高的成分依次为维生素E(11.52%)、亚麻酸乙酯(10.26%)、γ-谷甾醇(8.53%)、棕榈酸乙酯(8.23%)、叶绿醇(7.00%)、亚麻酸甲酯(5.04%)、亚油酸乙酯(4.13%)、亚油酸(4.09%)和植二烯(3.89%). 相似文献
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首次运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对蕊木(Kopsia lancibracteolata Merr.)茎皮脂溶性成分进行分析，应用色谱峰面积归一化法定量分析各成分的相对百分含量，共分离鉴定出43个化合物，占其总量的80.45%。含量较高的分别是反式-2-癸烯醛(10.29%)、β-香树脂醇(10.04%)、2-十一烯醛(8.61%)、异大戟二烯醇(5.49%)、软脂酸(5.30%)等。同时采用清除DPPH自由基能力的方法对蕊木茎皮脂溶性成分进行抗氧化活性测定，结果显示一定的抗氧化活性，其IC50值为0.83 mg/mL。 相似文献
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测定一株香蕉内生细菌BEB99发酵液的石油醚和乙酸乙酯粗提物对香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种的(FOC4)菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,并测定粗提物中的主要成分。研究结果表明：其发酵液的石油醚和乙酸乙酯粗提物对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均具有明显抑制作用,可造成病菌菌丝的畸形,抗菌物质浓度为1.67 mg/mL时,其孢子萌发抑制率分别达到92.99%和82.96%。GC/MS分析从粗提物中鉴定到18个成分,其中主要成分包括油酸(14.98%)、油酸乙酯(11.38%)、亚麻油酸乙酯(14.86%)、亚油酸(13.20%)、棕榈酸(11.36%)和棕榈酸乙酯(11.26%),及一个未知化学成分。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2017,(6)
选取20个产地的火麻籽油,分析了脂肪酸、甘油三酯、植物甾醇及生育酚等脂溶性活性成分的组成及含量。火麻籽油主要含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸五种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量89.4%~91.8%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量73.8%~80.5%;火麻籽油含有28种甘油三酯结构,含量最多的为三亚油酸甘油酯(LLL)、二亚油酸亚麻酸甘油酯(LLLn)、二亚油酸油酸甘油酯(OLL)三种甘油三酯。火麻籽油含有菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、岩藻甾醇、α-1谷甾醇、环阿廷醇等6种植物甾醇,总甾醇含量为92.5~590.4 mg/100g,其中β-谷甾醇含量最高,占总甾醇含量的60%左右;火麻籽油含有α-、β-、γ-、ζ-四种生育酚,总的生育酚含量27.7~91.2mg/100g,其中γ-生育酚含量最高,占生育酚总量的90%左右。根据脂溶性活性成分含量差异,通过聚类分析将20个产地的火麻籽油分成5大类。 相似文献
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以不同浓度乙醇对叠鞘石斛[Dendrobium aurantiacum Rchb. f. var. denneanum (Kerr.) Z. H. Tsi. ]叶进行提取,再用不同极性溶剂对抗氧化活性较高的60%乙醇粗提取物进行萃取,分别得到石油醚层、二氯甲烷层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层和水层,采用超高效液相色谱法（ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC）和紫外-分光光度法对各部位进行成分分析,以DPPH自由基清除活性为指标,利用灰色关联度进行相关性分析,筛选主要的抗氧化活性部位。其中,总黄酮在正丁醇层最高（24.89%）;多糖在水层最高（0.23%）;各萃取层均有抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基清除能力强弱顺序为水层>正丁醇层>乙酸乙酯层>二氯甲烷层>石油醚层。筛选出正丁醇层、水层为抗氧化主要活性部位,其抗氧化活性是黄酮类、多糖等成分协同作用的结果,为进一步提取抗氧化活性化合物,开发天然抗氧化剂提供一定的指导。 相似文献
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为优化香草兰净油超声微波协同萃取工艺条件,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计对香草兰净油得率进行探讨,并进行气相色谱-质谱鉴定.结果表明:最佳萃取条件为萃取时间6.91 min,萃取功率253W,萃取溶液石油醚:正己烷=2.8:1(V:V),得率5.18％.匹配度达90以上的化合物有25种,其中脂肪酸、醛类及酯类含量较高,主要有亚油酸(23.17％)、月桂酸(0.07％)、肉豆蔻酸(0.24％)、十五烷酸(0.28％)、n-十六烷酸(5.43％)、9,12-十八烷二烯酸乙酯(5.30％)、棕榈酸甲酯(0.09％)、香兰素(12.6％)等.该净油具有浓郁独特的香味,优选得到的工艺可提高香草兰净油得率. 相似文献
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建立HPLC法测定人参脂溶性成分中亚油酸的含量。采用Agilent TC C18色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(65∶35,v∶v)为流动相,检测波长为203 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样体积为10μL,柱温为25℃。结果亚油酸浓度在5.25~525μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9997),平均回收率为98.59%,RSD值为1.54%。表明该方法操作简单、稳定可靠,适用于人参脂溶性成分中亚油酸的含量测定,为人参脂溶性成分的研究提供依据。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献