共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A central question in the study of cell proliferation is, what controls cell-cycle transitions? Although the accumulation of mitotic cyclins drives the transition from the G2 phase to the M phase in embryonic cells, the trigger for mitotic entry in somatic cells remains unknown. We report that the synergistic action of Bora and the kinase Aurora A (Aur-A) controls the G2-M transition. Bora accumulates in the G2 phase and promotes Aur-A-mediated activation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), leading to the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and mitotic entry. Mechanistically, Bora interacts with Plk1 and controls the accessibility of its activation loop for phosphorylation and activation by Aur-A. Thus, Bora and Aur-A control mitotic entry, which provides a mechanism for one of the most important yet ill-defined events in the cell cycle. 相似文献
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Differential phosphorylation of c-Abl in cell cycle determined by cdc2 kinase and phosphatase activity 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
The product of the c-abl proto-oncogene (c-Abl) is phosphorylated on three sites during interphase and seven additional sites during mitosis. Two interphase and all mitotic c-Abl sites are phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase isolated from either interphase or mitotic cells, with the mitotic cdc2 having an 11-fold higher activity. Inhibition of phosphatases with okadaic acid in interphase cells leads to the phosphorylation of c-Abl mitotic sites, indicating that those sites are preferentially dephosphorylated during interphase. The differential phosphorylation of c-Abl in the cell cycle is therefore determined by an equilibrium between cdc2 kinase and protein phosphatase activities. Treatment of interphase cells with okadaic acid leads to a rounded morphology similar to that observed during mitosis. 相似文献
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Coordination of cytokinesis with chromosome congression and segregation is critical for proper cell division, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, septins, a conserved family of polymerizing guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins, localized to the metaphase plate during mitosis. Septin depletion resulted in chromosome loss from the metaphase plate, lack of chromosome segregation and spindle elongation, and incomplete cytokinesis upon delayed mitotic exit. These defects correlated with loss of the mitotic motor and the checkpoint regulator centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) from the kinetochores of congressing chromosomes. Mammalian septins may thus form a mitotic scaffold for CENP-E and other effectors to coordinate cytokinesis with chromosome congression and segregation. 相似文献
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As an organelle coupling nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions, the centrosome is essential to mitotic fidelity, and its inheritance could be critical to understanding cell transformation. Investigating the behavior of the centrosome in living mitotic cells, we documented a transient and remarkable postanaphase repositioning of this organelle, which apparently controls the release of central microtubules from the midbody and the completion of cell division. We also observed that the absence of the centrosome leads to defects in cytokinesis. Together with recent results in yeasts, our data point to a conserved centrosome-dependent pathway that integrates spatial controls into the decision of completing cell division, which requires the repositioning of the centrosome organelle. 相似文献
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石榴具有2轮心皮,形成独特的合心皮雌蕊;子房中具有2种不同类型胎座:下部为中轴胎座,通常为3室,上部为侧膜胎座,5—10室(室数随位置而变化)。胚珠为具有两层珠被的、厚珠心型的倒生胚珠,珠心由周缘组织扩展而成。1个孢原细胞可直接发育或分裂形成1至多个大孢子母细胞,但只有1个正常发育。线型排列的四分体中,合点端的1个具有功能,其余3个退化。石榴胚囊的发育方式属蓼型,成熟胚囊中极核在受精前靠拢,但未发现愈合,3个反足细胞中一个退化较早。 相似文献
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Several lines of mouse mammary tissue that had been serially transplanted until mitotic senescence was reached were exposed in vivo to plastic implants that slowly released cholera toxin. Gland tissue surrounding the implants displayed new end buds, indicating reinitiation of growth and morphogenesis. The ability of cholera toxin, which elevates intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, to temporarily reverse the senescent phenotype suggests that this mitotic dysfunction results not from generalized cellular deterioration but from specific changes in cell regulation. 相似文献
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Calpain II involvement in mitosis 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
J E Schollmeyer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4854):911-913
Mitotic spindle disassembly requires major structural alterations in the associated cytoskeletal proteins and mitosis is known to be associated with Ca2+-sequestering phenomena and calcium transients. To examine the possible involvement of a ubiquitous Ca2+-activated protease, calpain II, in the mitotic process, synchronized PtK1 cells were monitored by immunofluorescence for the relocation of calpain II. The plasma membrane was the predominant location of calpain II in interphase. However, as mitosis progressed, calpain II relocated to (i) an association with mitotic chromosomes, (ii) a perinuclear location in anaphase, and (iii) a mid-body location in telophase. Microinjection of calpain II near the nucleus of a PtK1 cell promoted the onset of metaphase. Injection of calpain II at late metaphase promoted a precocious disassembly of the mitotic spindle and the onset of anaphase. These data suggest that calpain II is involved in mitosis. 相似文献
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通过人工诱导烟草结瘤的方法,观察给予2,4-D、根瘤菌后,其对烟草根尖细胞有丝分裂和染色体畸变的影响.结果表明:在Jensen无氮营养液中,不论是只加2,4-D、根瘤菌,还是既有2,4-D又有根瘤菌,烟草根尖细胞有丝分裂指数在处理前期均有增加,其中以2,4-D和根瘤菌共同处理表现最为显著;但在处理的后期,细胞有丝分裂活动受到明显地抑制,并且伴有不同程度地染色体畸变. 相似文献
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Lactic dehydrogenase and metabolism of human leukocytes in vitro 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During transformation and division of lymphocytes in culture, the lactic dehydrogenase isozymes migrate increasingly toward the cathode. With extension of the time in culture, the mitotic index declines, and the isozyme pattern reverts to dominance of those bands that move toward the anode, despite the cellular tendency to anaerobic metabolism. These findings suggest that synthesis of the more slowly migrating lactic dehydrogenase isozymes in this system is related to mitotic activity, and not to the aerobic or anaerobic conditions of cell culture. 相似文献
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Limited periods of gene expression in immunoglobulin-synthesizing cells 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
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[目的]对一种商业化的低血清培养基适应BHK21细胞进行传代培养,并分析该细胞染色体的变异稳定性,以判定其质量。[方法]采用直接法制备4个代次BHK21细胞的染色体标本,用常规Giemsa染色,在1 000倍光学显微镜下计数中期分裂相染色体数目,并进行核型分析。[结果]BHK21为亚二倍体或亚四倍体细胞系,亚二倍体总数为42,亚四倍体细胞总数为72~74,该细胞系染色体的畸变率在各代次所占比例为0~2%,均较低。[结论]该细胞系的遗传学特性相对稳定,各代次间无本质差异,可候选为制苗用细胞。 相似文献
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秋水仙素对大蒜生长的影响及多倍体诱导效应分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]探讨诱导大蒜染色体加倍的有效方法。[方法]以秋水仙素为诱变剂,比较不同浓度和不同时间处理对大蒜的多倍体诱导效应。[结果]经秋水仙素处理过的植株,在相同浓度下,随着秋水仙素处理时间的延长,株高降低,细胞有丝分裂指数减小,染色体加倍率升高。在相同的处理时间内,随着秋水仙素浓度的升高,株高降低,细胞有丝分裂指数明显减小,染色体加倍率显著升高。当秋水仙素浓度为0.05%,处理6 d时,染色体加倍率达到最高,为28.67%。随着浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,植株的死亡率逐渐上升,气孔面积也呈上升趋势。[结论]该研究为丰富大蒜种质资源和加速高产优质大蒜的育种进程奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Baxter J Sen N Martínez VL De Carandini ME Schvartzman JB Diffley JF Aragón L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6022):1328-1332
DNA topoisomerase II completely removes DNA intertwining, or catenation, between sister chromatids before they are segregated during cell division. How this occurs throughout the genome is poorly understood. We demonstrate that in yeast, centromeric plasmids undergo a dramatic change in their topology as the cells pass through mitosis. This change is characterized by positive supercoiling of the DNA and requires mitotic spindles and the condensin factor Smc2. When mitotic positive supercoiling occurs on decatenated DNA, it is rapidly relaxed by topoisomerase II. However, when positive supercoiling takes place in catenated plasmid, topoisomerase II activity is directed toward decatenation of the molecules before relaxation. Thus, a topological change on DNA drives topoisomerase II to decatenate molecules during mitosis, potentially driving the full decatenation of the genome. 相似文献
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Phosphorylation by cyclin B-Cdk underlies release of mitotic exit activator Cdc14 from the nucleolus
Azzam R Chen SL Shou W Mah AS Alexandru G Nasmyth K Annan RS Carr SA Deshaies RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5683):516-519
Budding yeast protein phosphatase Cdc14 is sequestered in the nucleolus in an inactive state during interphase by the anchor protein Net1. Upon entry into anaphase, the Cdc14 early anaphase release (FEAR) network initiates dispersal of active Cdc14 throughout the cell. We report that the FEARnetwork promotes phosphorylation of Net1 by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexed with cyclin B1 or cyclin B2. These phosphorylations appear to be required for FEAR and sustain the proper timing of late mitotic events. Thus, a regulatory circuit exists to ensure that the arbiter of the mitotic state, Cdk, sets in motion events that culminate in exit from mitosis. 相似文献
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Schibler U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5643):234-235
In some simple protozoans and unicellular algae, the cell cycle clock is strongly influenced by the circadian clock, such that mitotic cell division takes place only at certain times of the day. Now, as Schibler reports in his Perspective, new work on regenerating liver cells in mice (Matsuo et al.) reveals that the cell cycle clock of mammalian cells is also under the yoke of the master circadian oscillator. 相似文献
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Continuous measurement and imaging of the intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) of mitotic and interphase PtK1 cells was accomplished with the new fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2. No statistically significant difference between basal [Ca2+]i of interphase and mitotic cells was detected. However, mitotic cells showed a rapid elevation of [Ca2+]i from basal levels of 130 nM to 500 to 800 nM at the metaphase-anaphase transition. The [Ca2+]i transient was brief, lasting approximately 20 seconds and the elevated [Ca2+]i appeared uniformly distributed over the entire spindle and central region of the cell. The close temporal association of the [Ca2+]i transient with the onset of anaphase suggests that calcium may have a signaling role in this event. 相似文献