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水稻二化螟信息素诱控技术推广应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻二化螟信息素诱控技术是一项符合生态优先、绿色发展要求,高效环保的水稻绿色防控实用技术。阐述了其防治技术原理,强调做好越冬代二化螟虫情调查监测,以保证在越冬代蛾始见期前放置诱捕器,介绍了诱芯和诱捕器的选择、安放时间、安放方法及其他注意事项,并根据防治区诱蛾量和害虫危害情况,通过对秋季田间防效调查、测产调查等数据进行统计分析来评价二化螟信息素诱控技术的防治效果。 相似文献
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太湖流域粳稻地方品种韭菜青的苗期耐盐性遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究太湖流域强耐盐粳稻地方品种韭菜青的苗期耐盐性遗传机理,配制了韭菜青/IR26籼粳杂交组合,在盐胁迫条件下,运用剥蘖分株法鉴定了P[sub]1[/sub]、P[sub]2[/sub]、F[sub]1[/sub]和F[sub]2[/sub]苗期的盐害级别和根系Na+/K+两个耐盐相关指标。结果表明,在0.8%的NaCl胁迫下,亲本的两个耐盐相关指标有明显的差异,F[sub]1[/sub]均表现出超亲优势,F[sub]2[/sub]呈正态混合分布。采用主基因 多基因遗传模型进行遗传分析,发现韭菜青苗期的盐害级别和根系Na[sup]+[/sup]/K[sup]+[/sup]均由2对主效基因控制,并存在多基因修饰。盐害级别的主基因遗传率仅为16.10%,而根系Na[sup]+[/sup]/K[sup]+[/sup]的主基因遗传率高达50.78%,两个指标的主基因加多基因共同解释的遗传率都在70%以上。 相似文献
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江苏省稻瘟病菌群体分布及优势小种的毒力研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用中国7个统一鉴别品种对2000~2002年江苏省5大稻区采集的342个稻瘟病菌单孢分离菌株进行了小种鉴定。结果表明3年累计出现7群30个小种,其中ZG1为优势小种,3年的频率分别为65.00%、56.90%和60.38%,ZB群和ZC群生理小种也是重要的小种类型,有较高的出现频率。用130个ZG1小种的菌株对日本13个已知抗性基因品种进行毒力测定,出现42种类型毒力,其中30.77％的ZG1小种的菌株同时对品种新2号（Pita-k[sup]s[/sup],Pi-sh）、K1（Pi-ta）、Pi-4号（Pi-ta[sup]2[/sup],Pi-sh）致病,为优势毒力类型, 表明品种新2号（Pita-ks,Pi-sh）、K1（Pi-ta）、Pi-4号（Pi-ta[sup]2[/sup],Pi-sh)与江苏省稻瘟病菌有较高的适合度。品种K3（Pi-k[sup]h[/sup]）在江苏省有较好的抗性,其抗性频率为100%。用两种毒力类型的不同菌株2003-184(ZC[sub]5[/sub])和 2003-14-1(ZG[sub]1[/sub]) 混合接种13个日本已知抗性基因品种后,发现对上述两个单个菌株表现抗病的K3（Pi-k[sup]h[/sup]）品种表现为感病,提示不同毒力的菌株之间的相互作用导致菌株毒力的改变可能是品种抗性丧失的原因之一。 相似文献
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断根和覆草旱作条件下水稻的产量效应 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
通过大田对比试验研究了常规水稻与覆草旱作水稻的产量构成、根系呼吸强度以及断根对产量的影响。 结果表明,覆草旱作水稻籽粒产量(5850.9 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])明显低于常规水稻（6685.7 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup]）,但前者的秸秆产量(5735.5 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])高于常规水稻(5489.5 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])。常规水稻实粒占平均单蘖总量的百分数远大于覆草旱作水稻,覆草旱作水稻叶、鞘、秕粒的比例大于常规水稻。覆草旱作的根冠比（0.116）显著大于常规水稻（0.087）,前者的根系呼吸强度是常规水稻的2.7倍。旱作水稻断根后普遍有增产的趋势,而常规水稻则有减产的趋势。常规水稻断1/4、2/4和3/4根系时,平均每穴籽粒产量较不断根的分别下降23％、15％和20％。然而,旱作条件下,断1/4、2/4和3/4根系的水稻较全根的分别增产20％、7％和3％。由此可见,水稻旱作抑制了同化产物向籽粒的转运,叶和鞘中积累了较多的同化产物;旱作水稻根系冗余生长,消耗了大量碳水化合物,可能导致水稻籽粒产量下降。 相似文献
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昆虫性信息素配备新型飞蛾诱捕器群集诱杀水稻二化螟的效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对新型飞蛾干式诱捕器诱捕效率进行了测试,从6月20日至9月20日,共调查13次,累计诱蛾量8 605头,平均每台诱捕器诱蛾344头。性诱剂处理区、施药区和不施药区虫伤株率分别为为1.77%、1.19%和81.90%,枯鞘率分别为1.11%、0.65%和14.68%,白穗率分别为1.87%、0.35%和38.83%。性诱剂防治效果95.18%,比药剂防效低3.92个百分点。就本试验结果来看,新型诱捕器操作简便,易于维护,使性信息素大面积诱杀二化螟的可行性提高。 相似文献
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除草剂苄嘧磺隆对稻田土壤微生物活性和生物化学特性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在室内培养试验条件下, 研究了不同剂量苄嘧磺隆（0~750 g/hm[sup]2[/sup])对淹水稻田土壤中微生物活性和生物化学特性的影响。结果表明,所有处理中土壤微生物生物量(磷脂含量)随培养期延长而缓慢减少,与对照相比,土壤微生物生物量(磷脂含量)随苄嘧磺隆增加而有所减少。所有处理中异养型细菌（富营养菌和贫营养菌）随培养期延长持续减少,与对照相比土壤中异养型细菌随苄嘧磺隆剂量增加而快速减少,尤其是苄嘧磺隆剂量较大（375和750 g/hm[sup]2[/sup]）的土壤中异养型细菌显著减少。土壤电子运输系统/脱氢酶活度在第1周内随培养时间延长持续下降,之后随培养时间延长而增强。与对照相比,土壤电子运输系统活度也随除草剂苄嘧磺隆施用剂量的升高而下降。第1周内土壤酚含量随培养时间延长持续增加,之后随培养时间延长而减少。 与对照相比,土壤酚含量随苄嘧磺隆施用剂量的增加而快速增加,尤其是苄嘧磺隆剂量较大（375和750 g/hm[sup]2[/sup]）的土壤中酚含量显著增加。在所有处理中,土壤中蛋白质含量随培养时间的延长缓慢减少,但不显著。土壤蛋白质含量随除草剂苄嘧磺隆剂量增加而略微增加,但不显著。 相似文献
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[目的]明确阿维菌素复配制剂对水稻二化螟的防治效果及适宜用药剂量。[方法]选用目前田间常用的阿维菌素复配制剂,采用随机区组设计,开展其对水稻二化螟的田间防治效果试验并进行方差分析。[结果]供试的4种阿维菌素复配制剂在中、高剂量处理时对水稻二化螟具有较好的防治效果,枯心防效和杀虫防效均在80%以上,与氯虫苯甲酰胺、丙溴磷组合高剂量处理时防治效果可达90%以上。6%阿维菌素·氯虫苯甲酰胺SC防治水稻二化螟最佳用药量为42.53～47.25 g/hm2,8%阿维菌素·甲氧虫酰肼SC最佳用药量为48 g/hm2,20%阿维菌素·丙溴磷ME最佳用药量为450～540 g/hm2,32%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC最佳用药量为240～360 g/hm2。[结论]为水稻二化螟药剂防治提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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Suppressing effects of mass trapping using synthetic sex pheromone with main active ingredients of Z-11-hexadecenal, Z-13-octadecenal and Z-9-hexadecenal on the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis were investigated during the flight periods of the overwintering and 1st generation in the paddy area of 60 ha in 1999. Population density of C. suppressalis in the pheromone-treated fields was lower than that in control. The egg masses decreased by 74.39% and population size of adult males of the 1st generation decreased by 61.64% in the treated fields as compared to control. Meanwhile, the damage by C.suppressalis larvae was significantly lower in the treated fields than control (t-test, P=0.05). Percentages of brownish leaf sheath, dead heart, and white head in the treated fields were decreased by 70.90%, 57.01% and 44.30%, respectively in contrast to control. The present study demonstrated that mass trapping to C. suppressalis using synthetic sex pheromone shows great potential as an alternative measure in an environment-friendly pest management and at the same challenging the insecticide use that has some environment impacts. 相似文献
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Suppression of Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis by Mass Trapping Using Synthetic Sex Pheromone in Paddy Field 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SUJian-wei XUANWei-jian SHENGCheng-fa GEFeng 《水稻科学》2003,11(1):52-56
Suppressing effects of mass trapping using synthetic sex pheromone with main active ingredients of Z-11-hexadece-nal, Z-13-octadecenal and Z-9-hexadecenal on the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis were investigated during the flight periods of the overwintering and 1^st generation in the paddy area of 60 ha in 1999. Population density of C. suppressalis in the pheromone-treated fields was lower than that in control. The egg masses decreased by 74. 39% and population size of adult males of the 1^st generation decreased by 61.64% in the treated fields as compared to control. Meanwhile, the damage by C.suppressalis larvae was significantly lower in the treated fields than control (t-test, P=0.05). Percentages of brownish leaf sheath, dead heart, and white head in the treated fields were decreased by 70.90%, 57.01% and 44.30%, respectively in contrast to control. The present study demonstrated that mass trapping to C. suppressalis using synthetic sex pheromone shows great potential as an alternative measure in an environment-friendly pest management and at the same challenging the insecticide use that has some environment impacts. 相似文献
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Two internal feeders of rice plant, rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) and yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) are major hurdles in achieving higher yields in Central China. Synthetic sex pheromone was an effective method to control the two borers. A new series of sex pheromone blends were formulated and tested. 相似文献
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应用性诱剂防治甘蔗螟虫 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对甘蔗螟虫的为害特点和防治现状以及性诱剂的特点和应用现状进行了概述。为了有效防治甘蔗螟虫,利用性诱剂进行预测预报,指导适时防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
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茶蚕（Andraca bipunctata Walker）是我国一种重要的茶树食叶害虫,严重时其幼虫可将整株茶树的叶片取食殆尽,造成极大危害。本研究对我国茶蚕大陆种群性信息素进行了鉴定,利用正己烷浸提法对求偶高峰期的茶蚕雌虫性信息素进行了提取,利用气相色谱-触角电位联用仪（GC-EAD）筛选性信息素提取物中的活性成分,运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对活性成分进行分析,采用触角电位技术（EAG）测试了性信息素成分的电生理活性,并通过田间诱捕试验筛选出性信息素最佳剂量,最后利用性信息素对海南五指山地区的茶蚕种群进行了监测。GC-EAD结果显示,茶蚕性信息素提取物中只有1种成分可引起雄虫的触角电位反应。GC-MS分析结果初步确定该活性成分为顺11,顺14-十八碳醛（E11,E14-18Ald）。EAG测试和田间引诱试验验证了性信息素鉴定结果,田间诱捕数据显示不同剂量的性信息素在田间的引诱效果不同,当剂量为0.9 mg时,田间引诱效果最佳。虫口监测结果表明,茶蚕性信息素是一种理想的虫口监测方法,利用该方法明确海南五指山地区5—10月共有两代茶蚕,成虫高峰期为6月17日和8月27日。本研究结果为我国茶叶主产区利用性信息素进行诱杀防治或虫口监测提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Selecting appropriate strategies for pest control has become an issue of major concern, but research on decision making regarding this issue is limited. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach for selecting strategies for the management of rice stem borer [Chilo suppressalis (Walker)] in paddy fields of Sari county of Mazandaran province in Iran was developed. Agricultural faculty members, experts of a local plant protection unit, local extension agents, and elite farmers in the study area participated in the project to determine the suitability of four common pest control methods (i.e., chemical control, cultural control, biological control, pheromone trapping) for rice stem borer management, based on 10 main criteria and 32 sub-criteria identified through pertinent literature and focus group discussions. All the examined alternatives of pest control were preferred to some extent for rice stem borer management. Control effectiveness, relative advantages, social usefulness, and technical support were the most important criteria for assessing strategies for rice stem borer management, followed by observability, ease of use, trialability, farmer's self-efficacy, compatibility, and farm characteristics. Overall, chemical control ranked first, being superior to the other three methods with respect to six main criteria of the model (relative advantages, trialability, observability, farmer's self-efficacy, farm characteristics, and control effectiveness). Biological control ranked second at the overall level, being superior to cultural control and pheromone trapping in the three remaining main criteria (i.e., technical support, compatibility, and social usefulness). Pheromone trapping ranked first only with respect to ease of use criteria. The proposed model constitutes a flexible tool for decision making in pest control with high applicability among policy makers in the government and local agricultural office and extension agents; it could greatly assist extension programs to effectively select strategies for rice stem borer management or similar pest problems in various agricultural sites. 相似文献
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规模化稻鸭生产对早稻病虫害变化规律及经济效益的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过大田试验研究了规模稻鸭生态种养系统中水稻病虫害的消长变化规律及其经济效益。结果表明：规模稻鸭生态种养（IF）水稻二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱和稻叶蝉平均虫量较水稻单一种植（CK）分别下降54．4％,48．8％,73．6％和96．1％,纹枯病和稻瘟病病株率分别降低78．9％和48．5％;较常规稻鸭生态种养（CF）水稻二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱和稻叶蝉量分别下降18．2％,9．5％,7．0％和0．82％,纹枯病病株率降低35．5％,稻瘟病病株率升高8．0％。规模稻鸭生态种养稻飞虱和二化螟对水稻危害株率比常规稻鸭生态种养分别降低52．9％和6．9％。试验还表明,规模稻鸭生态种养系统中水稻二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱虫峰迟现,持续危害时间短;纹枯病蔓延危害期缩短10～14d;水稻有效穗数、穗粒数增多,千粒重增加,空壳率降低,产量最高。规模稻鸭生态种养较常规稻鸭生态种养和水稻单一种植分别增收1024．32,1370．61元／hm2,增幅44．47％和70．03％。因此,规模稻鸭生态种养可以实现对水稻病虫害的生态控制,且经济效益显著提高,对于提升我国现代农业生产实践具有重要意义。 相似文献