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1.
粮食生产过程中的原材料生产、能源消耗、氮肥施用以及农机作业等过程均会排放大量的温室气体。本研究通过对山东省高密市冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统粮食种植过程的原材料投入和农业管理措施等进行问卷调查,采用生命周期评估(Life cycle assessment,LCA)方法学核算当地小麦和玉米生产过程的碳足迹(Carbon footprint,CFP)。结果表明,高密市小麦、玉米生产和冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统单位面积的碳足迹分别为5 183.33、3 778.09 kg CO_2-eq·hm~(-2)和8 961.42 kg CO_2-eq·hm~(-2),单位产量的碳足迹分别为0.69、0.40 kg CO_2-eq·kg~(-1)和0.53 kg CO_2-eq·kg~(-1),单位净现值的碳足迹分别为1.82、0.40 kg CO_2-eq·元~(-1)和0.44 kg CO_2-eq·元~(-1)。冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统粮食生产的碳足迹主要来自氮肥的生产(48.30%)和氮肥施用(12.04%)、灌溉耗电(12.94%)和农业机械耗油(11.20%)等方面。综上可知,优化肥料施用、减少氮肥用量和节水灌溉等措施是实现当地粮食清洁生产的重要途径。 相似文献
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[目的]分析山东省烟台市各区县土地利用结构与能源消耗碳排放的关联测度及其变化规律,为合理利用土地资源与低碳城市的建设提供科学建议。[方法]基于烟台市1986—2012年各区县的土地利用结构和能源消耗数据,采用碳排放量计算模型,测算出其能源消耗碳排放总量、碳排放强度和人均碳排放量,并运用灰色关联分析法,测度烟台市各区县土地利用结构与能源消耗碳排放的关联度。[结果]1 1986—2012年烟台市能源消费碳排放总量由3.05×106 t上升到1.494×107 t,增加了3.9倍;2 2012年烟台市各区县土地利用结构与能源消耗碳排放量、碳排放强度之间关联度最高的土地利用类型为园地,与人均碳排放量关联度最高的用地为交通运输用地;3烟台市各区县土地利用结构与能源消耗关联度较高的分别是园地(0.812 8)、城镇村及工矿用地(0.812 0)、水域及水利设施用地(0.805 9);4 1986—2012年烟台市各区县土地利用结构与能源消耗碳排放关联度较大的地区依次是长岛县(0.980 4)、芝罘区(0.962 4)和莱山区(0.948 0)。[结论]烟台市土地利用结构与能源消耗碳排放存在着密切的关联性,土地利用结构与能源消耗碳排放的关联度在空间上存在着差异性。 相似文献
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水果全产业链损耗不仅浪费了食物,还意味着生产、收获后处理、贮藏、流转消费等各环节中水、耕地、能源等各种资源的浪费。本研究采用问卷调查和"一对一"访谈的方法,在苹果和柑桔主产区和主销区进行实地调研,调查分析水果全产业链(生产、收获后处理、贮藏、流转和消费)损耗现况,主产区累计调研全产业链从业者209人,主销区调研消费者271人。通过生态足迹、碳足迹和水足迹等模型对损耗浪费产生环境和资源影响进行定量评估。结果显示,苹果和柑桔损耗浪费率分别为18.56%和17.15%,其中流转环节占比最高,约为总损耗的1/3。损耗量分别为719.86×10~4t和733.99×10~4t,损耗总量为1453.85×10~4 t。苹果和柑桔损耗浪费的生态足迹分别为13.33×10~4 hm~2和13.76×10~4 hm~2,总生态足迹为26.09×10~4 hm~2;碳足迹分别为92.37×10~4 t (CO_2 eq)和102.98×10~4 t (CO_2 eq),碳足迹总量为195.35×10~4 t (CO_2eq);水足迹分别为57.65×10~8 m~3和41.10×10~8 m~3,水足迹总量为98.75×10~8 m~3。其中生产环节碳排放占比最高,占总排放的9成以上。综上,水果损耗和浪费也产生了巨大环境影响,需要尽快采取相关措施,减损降耗,从而减轻环境资源压力,提高水果供给水平。 相似文献
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重庆市不同土地利用碳排放及碳足迹分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以重庆市为例,运用1997-2009年重庆市不同土地利用面积数据和能源消费量数据,采用碳排放模型、碳足迹模型,对重庆市13年来不同土地利用方式碳排放量和能源碳足迹进行核算,分析不同土地利用方式碳排放效益、碳排放量的影响因素以及能源消费碳足迹变化。结果表明:(1)重庆市碳排放总量呈直线增加趋势,年均增加210.69万t。(2)建设用地是主要碳源,林地是主要碳汇,建设用地碳排放量增幅远远大于林地的碳汇增幅。(3)碳排放强度总体上呈下降趋势,由1997年的1.77t/万元下降到2009年的1.38t/万元,年均下降1.12%,小于11.5%的GDP增长率。(4)产业结构和经济增长促进碳排放量增加,能源结构对碳排放量影响不大,能源效率改进是13年来重庆市碳排放强度下降的关键原因。(5)能源消费总碳足迹逐年增加,2002年后年均增加93.75万hm2,生态承载力也有所增加,但远远不及总碳足迹的增加速度,生态赤字逐年扩大;森林碳足迹和煤炭能源碳足迹是主要的碳足迹。 相似文献
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对水库移民遗留问题的处理,使安置区移民生产生活条件得到提高,基础设施条件得到改善,劳动力就业得到发展,同时移民对资源的消费也随之增加,安置区生态承载力受到一定程度的挑战和影响。基于生态足迹的计算模型,计算分析了岩滩水电站D县安置区2008—2012年的生态足迹,并运用灰色预测法预测了安置区2013—2017年的生态足迹和生态承载力,分析遗留问题处理后安置区生态承载力的变化。结果表明,遗留问题处理后,安置区人均消耗增加,并出现了产业碳排等影响生态环境的行为,生态赤字不断扩大,安置区可持续发展状态较差。建议通过减少库区强度,规范移民的粗放生产,积极引导移民合理利用资源和集约利用的生活方式,实现库区长远可持续发展。 相似文献
6.
碳中和是中国当前面临的巨大挑战,而农业是温室气体的重要排放源。研究旨在明确县域尺度农业生产过程中的碳足迹水平,并分析相关影响因素,以了解碳足迹的调控手段。基于江苏兴化稻麦轮作区域农户调研数据(调研内容包括土地状况、作物种植、物料投入、农事操作、相关机械),运用生命周期分析方法分析了稻麦轮作系统碳足迹水平、构成和潜在影响因素,并探究了碳足迹与经济效益的关系。结果表明,兴化县域稻麦轮作系统稻麦周年单位面积碳足迹和单位产量碳足迹分别为13006.2 kg CO2-eq·hm-2和0.86 kg CO2-eq·kg-1。碳足迹组成中,CH4占水稻季碳足迹的68%,N2O占小麦季碳足迹的45%。除温室气体外,水稻季各部分占比从高到低依次为肥料、能源消耗、农药和种子,而小麦季中能源消耗占比则高于肥料。稻麦轮作系统碳足迹与肥料投入和柴油投入呈正相关关系。稻麦轮作系统碳足迹与氮肥偏生产力一定范围内呈负相关,在氮肥偏生产力到达临界值(20.2 kg·kg-1)后不变。小麦季碳足迹与氮肥偏生产力和农田经济效益呈显著负相关关系。稻麦轮作系统碳足迹随农户受教育水平的提高呈下降趋势。研究表明,兴化县域稻麦轮作系统碳足迹的降低有助于其农田经济效益的提升,其中降低肥料投入和能源损耗是调控碳足迹的首要途径。 相似文献
7.
华北平原春绿豆-夏玉米种植模式经济效益和碳足迹评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华北平原是我国重要的粮食生产基地,长期集约化的冬小麦-夏玉米种植导致氮肥施用过量、地下水超采及碳排放增加等生态环境问题日益突出。因此,调整现有种植结构,构建资源节约型种植制度对缓解该区域生态环境问题具有重要意义。为明确新型春绿豆-夏玉米模式的可行性,本研究基于大田试验和生命周期评价方法(life cycle assessment, LCA),定量评估了春绿豆-夏玉米模式与冬小麦-夏玉米模式的产量、经济效益、碳排放和碳足迹。结果表明,春绿豆-夏玉米模式中绿豆与玉米的产量分别为1 760.1 kg·hm~(-2)和8 775.8 kg·hm~(-2),当量产量(换算为玉米产量)为18 833.4kg·hm~(-2),比冬小麦-夏玉米模式低20.4%(P0.05);周年净收入为27 085$·hm~(-2)(包括每年7 500$·hm~(-2)的冬季休耕补贴),比冬小麦-夏玉米模式高20.2%;周年碳排放为4 642.1 kg(CO2-eq)·hm~(-2),比冬小麦-夏玉米模式低36.1%;单位产值碳足迹为0.17kg(CO_2-eq)·$~(-1),比冬小麦-夏玉米模式低48.5%(P0.01)。综合来看,在华北平原引入春绿豆-夏玉米模式部分替代传统冬小麦-夏玉米模式,能够改善种植结构,同时提高农民收入、降低农业生产系统碳排放和碳足迹。 相似文献
8.
不同耕作措施下小麦–玉米轮作农田温室气体
交换及其综合增温潜势 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6
研究不同耕作措施下小麦-玉米轮作农田N_2O、CO_2和CH4等温室气体的综合增温潜势,有助于科学评价农业管理措施在减少温室气体排放和减缓全球变暖方面的作用,为制定温室气体减排措施提供依据。基于2001年开始的位于华北太行山前平原中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站的不同耕作与秸秆还田方式定位试验,应用静态箱/气相色谱法于2008年10月冬小麦播种时开始,连续两个作物轮作年动态监测了秸秆整秸覆盖免耕播种(M1)、秸秆粉碎覆盖免耕(M2)、秸秆粉碎还田旋耕(X)、秸秆粉碎还田深翻耕(F)和无秸秆还田深翻耕(CK,代表传统耕作方式)5种情况下冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田土壤N_2O、CO_2和CH4排放通量,并估算其排放总量。试验期间同步记录每项农事活动机械燃油量、灌溉耗电量、施肥量,依据燃油、耗电和单位肥料量的碳排放系数统一转换为等碳当量,测定作物产量、地上部生物量,估算农田碳截存量,根据每个分支项对温室效应的作用估算了5个处理的综合增温潜势。结果表明,华北小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤是N2O和CO2的排放源,是CH4的吸收汇,每年M1、M2、X、F和CK农田土壤N2O排放总量依次为2.06 kg(N_2O-N)·hm~(-2)、2.28 kg(N_2O-N)·hm~(-2)、2.54 kg(N_2O-N)·hm~(-2)、3.87 kg(N2O-N)·hm~(-2)和2.29 kg(N2O-N)·hm~(-2),CO_2排放总量依次为6904 kg(CO_2-C)·hm~(-2)、7 351 kg(CO2-C)·hm~(-2)、8 873 kg(CO_2-C)·hm~(-2)、9 065 kg(CO2-C)·hm~(-2)和7 425 kg(CO2-C)·hm~(-2),CH4吸收量依次为2.50 kg(CH4-C)·hm~(-2)、1.77 kg(CH4-C)·hm~(-2)、1.33 kg(CH4-C)·hm~(-2)、1.38 kg(CH4-C)·hm~(-2)和1.57kg(CH4-C)·hm~(-2)。M1和M2处理农田生态系统综合增温潜势(GWP)均为负值,表明免耕情况下农田生态系统为大气的碳汇,去除农事活动引起的直接或间接排放的等当量碳,每年农田生态系统净截留碳947~1 070 kg(C)·hm~(-2);其他处理农田生态系统的GWP值均为正值,表明温室气体是由系统向大气排放,CK、F和X每年向大气分别排放等当量碳3 364 kg(C)·hm~(-2)、989 kg(C)·hm~(-2)和343 kg(C)·hm~(-2)。故华北小麦-玉米轮作体系中,秸秆粉碎还田旋耕是最优化的耕作措施,其温室效应相对较低,而又能保证较高的经济产量。 相似文献
9.
中国农村家庭能源消费研究——消费水平与影响因素 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13
为探讨中国农村家庭能源消费的基本特征和发展规律，根据全国30个省市农村能源消费统计数据，给出了1996年农村家庭能源消费水平和结构，在相关分析的基础上提出了用人均有效热、人均电力及商品能比例作为农村家庭能源消费的特征指标，进而分析了这些指标与人均收入和年均气温的相关关系。人均电力消费(Y，元)与人均收入(X，元)的回归方程为Y=22.964+3.956×10-2X。 相似文献
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11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献