共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
为实现PRPs基因在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用,将大豆中的2个脯氨酸富集蛋白基因GmPRP和SbPRP构建到植物表达载体pRI101上,通过叶盘法转化烟草。共获得GmPRP阳性转基因烟草2株,SbPRP阳性转基因烟草4株。对转基因烟草植株进行高盐、干旱和低温胁迫处理。结果表明,高盐处理后,SbPRP转基因烟草的脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量分别显著和极显著高于野生型,丙二醛含量极显著低于野生型。干旱处理对GmPRP和SbPRP转基因烟草脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量的影响均不明显。低温处理后,GmPRP和SbPRP转基因烟草的脯氨酸含量均极显著高于野生型,丙二醛含量均低于野生型。由此推测SbPRP可以提高转基因烟草的耐盐性和耐寒性,GmPRP可以提高转基因烟草的耐寒性,为后续SbPRP和GmPRP的应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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转2-Cys Prx基因烟草抗氧化酶和PSII电子传递对盐和光胁迫的响应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以转2-Cys Peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prx)基因的烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)为材料,非转基因烟草为对照,调查盐和光胁迫对转基因烟草幼苗叶片抗氧化酶和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,揭示2-Cys Prx基因在植物抗逆方面的功能。结果表明,弱光(200 μmol m–2 s–1)下,随着盐浓度增大,转基因烟草和对照的SOD活性皆增加,APX活性变化不大,H2O2含量稍有升高;强光(1000 μmol m–2 s–1)下,随着盐浓度增大,转基因烟草SOD活性增强,APX活性下降,H2O2含量增加缓慢,而对照的H2O2含量迅速升高,转基因烟草叶片的PSII电子传递速率(ETR)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ФPSII)均高于对照,而且PSII电子受体侧的受抑制程度明显低于对照。结果暗示在强光和盐胁迫使APX活性降低的情况下,2-Cys Prx可有效清除细胞中过量H2O2,增强光合电子传递链的稳定性,特别是PSII电子受体侧的电子传递,有效减轻盐和高光胁迫引起的PSII光抑制。 相似文献
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S. A. Anjum L. Wang M. Farooq L. Xue S. Ali 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(6):409-417
Water deficit is perhaps the most severe threat to sustainable crop production in the conditions of changing climate. Researchers are striving hard to develop resistance against water deficit in crop plants to ensure food security for the coming generations. This study was conducted to establish the role of fulvic acid (FA) application in improving the performance of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) under drought. Maize plants were grown under normal conditions till tasselling and were then subjected to drought by cessation of water followed by foliar application of FA (1.5 mg l?1). Drought stress disrupted the photosynthetic pigments and reduced the gas exchange leading to reduction in plant growth and productivity. Nonetheless, exogenous FA application substantially ameliorated the adversities of drought by sustaining the chlorophyll contents and gas exchange possibly by enhanced levels of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) activities and proline. These beneficial effects yielded in terms of plant growth and allometry, and grain yield. It is interesting to note that FA application also improved the crop performance under well‐watered conditions. Hence, FA may be applied to improve the crop performance under drought and well‐watered conditions. 相似文献
4.
S. A. Anjum L. Wang M. Farooq I. Khan L. Xue 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(4):296-301
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a plant‐signalling molecule, is involved in an array of plant development and the defence responses. This study was conducted to explore the role of exogenous MeJA application in alleviating the adversities of drought stress in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill.). Soybean plants were grown under normal conditions until blooming and were then subjected to drought by withholding irrigation followed by foliar application of (50 μm ) MeJA. Drought stress substantially suppressed the yield and yield‐related traits, whereas it accelerated the membrane lipid peroxidation. Nonetheless, substantial increase in activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), proline, relative water contents (RWC) with simultaneous decrease in membrane lipid peroxidation was observed in MeJA‐treated plants under drought. These beneficial effects led to improvement in biological and grain yield, and harvest index under drought. Interestingly, MeJA application was also useful under well‐watered conditions. These results suggest the involvement of MeJA in improving the drought tolerance of soybean by modulating the membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities. 相似文献
5.
使用20％ PEG-6000进行干旱模拟,通过测量大豆幼苗中的游离脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力及过氧化氢酶活性的变化来分析硝普钠对大豆抗旱的影响.结果表明:当硝普钠浓度在0～90μmol/L之间时,游离脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力、过氧化氢酶活性等3项生理指标均随之升高,当硝普钠浓度为90 μmol/L时,3项生理指标达到最大值,当硝普钠浓度在90～150μ mol/L之间时,3项生理指标又随着硝普钠浓度的升高而降低.所以,当硝普钠浓度为90 μmol/L时,对大豆幼苗中游离脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶影响最大,为促进作用.本实验以大豆为研究对象,探讨外源供体硝普钠对干旱胁迫下大豆幼苗生长的影响,旨在了解硝普钠缓解干旱胁迫的最佳浓度. 相似文献
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Drought Priming at Vegetative Growth Stage Enhances Nitrogen‐Use Efficiency Under Post‐Anthesis Drought and Heat Stress in Wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Liu X. Li D. H. Larsen X. Zhu F. Song F. Liu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(1):29-40
To study the effects of early drought priming at 5th‐leaf stage on grain yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress, wheat plants were first exposed to moderate drought stress (drought priming; that is, the leaf water potential reached ca. ?0.9 MP a) at the 5th‐leaf stage for 11 days, and leaf water relations and gas exchange rates, grain yield and yield components, and agronomic nitrogen‐use efficiency (ANUE ) of the primed and non‐primed plants under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress were investigated. Compared with the non‐primed plants, the drought‐primed plants possessed higher leaf water potential and chlorophyll content, and consequently a higher photosynthetic rate during post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming also resulted in higher grain yield and ANUE in wheat under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming at vegetative stage improves carbon assimilation and ANUE under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress and their combination in wheat, which might be used as a field management tool to enhance stress tolerance of wheat crops to multiple abiotic stresses in a future drier and warmer climate. 相似文献
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Protective Effects of Polyamines against Oxidative Stress Induced by Water and Cold Stress in Chickpea 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yields are drastically reduced by water and cold stress that occur individually or simultaneously in northern region of India. The comparative effects of both the stresses were investigated at the metabolic level by examining the endogenous status of polyamines (PAS), active oxygen species and antioxidants. Chickpea plants (15‐day old) growing hydroponically under controlled conditions (light/ dark; 24/21 °C, 16/8 h; irradiance 250 μmol m?2 s?1) were subjected to water deficit stress (Ψs of ?0.2 to ?1.0 MPa) and cold stress (5–25 °C) for 4 days. LD50 in terms of root growth rate (RGR), electrolyte leakage and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction activity was observed at ?0.6 MPa and 10 °C for water and cold stress, respectively. In a subsequent experiment, 15‐day‐old plants were exposed to these stress levels under the above‐mentioned growth conditions for 7 days and analysed for various parameters. In cold‐stressed plants (CS), putrescine (PUT) was observed to be relatively higher while water‐stressed plants (WS) had more of spermidine (SPD). Spermine (SPM) levels increased more rapidly in WS and declined on the fourth day of stress while in CS, a gradual increase occurred that decreased on the seventh day. The accumulation of PAs was short‐lived under the combined presence of both the stresses. Hydrogen peroxide elevated abruptly in WS and remained higher than CS while the latter showed a marked increase in malondialdehyde content. Ascorbic acid increased sharply in WS that decreased on the fourth day while CS showed a relatively gradual increase that reached its maximum on the fourth day and declined subsequently. Glutathione was significantly higher in CS plants in comparison with WS and CS + WS plants. The activity levels of superoxide dismutase were higher up to 4 days and declined subsequently while those of WS stayed higher till the last day of stress. Ascorbate peroxidase levels were significantly higher in CS plants while catalase activity was comparatively more in WS. Exogenous application of PAs reduced the level of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde content and raised the level of antioxidants. Put caused 44 and 32 % increase in RGR in CS and WS, respectively, while SPD resulted in 110 and 25 % enhancement in WS and CS, respectively. Under combination of stresses, RGR increased by 21, 53 and 10 % by Put, SPD and SPM, respectively. The effects of PAs could be reversed largely by their biosynthetic inhibitors. α‐difluoromethylornithine (a biosynthetic inhibitor of putrescine) caused more damage to CS while cyclohexylamine (inhibitor of SPD and SPM biosynthesis) was more inhibitory in WS. 相似文献
10.
采用盆栽试验，通过叶面喷施不同浓度的稀土微肥，研究其对旺长期干旱胁迫下烤烟生育及生理特性变化的影响。结果表明，低浓度（50、100mg/L）稀土微肥促进烤烟根系发育，明显提高根系活力和根系生物量，高浓度（300mg/L）则表现出一定的抑制作用。不同浓度的稀土微肥均能提高烤烟超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性，维持过氧化氢酶活性，增强脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白积累能力，但随浓度提高效果不明显，甚至起反向作用。其中100mg/L稀土微肥处理对促进烟株生长与烟叶开片、提升抗逆能力表现最为突出，提高了烤烟抗旱能力。 相似文献
11.
普通菜豆PvP5CS2基因对逆境胁迫的应答 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索逆境条件下脯氨酸积累的分子遗传机理, 改善作物的抗逆能力, 应用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术和水杨酸法分别检测干旱、高盐(200 mmol L-1 NaCl)和冷(4℃)胁迫条件下普通菜豆幼苗叶和根中脯氨酸合成酶基因PvP5CS2表达量和脯氨酸含量的变化。结果显示, 3种胁迫条件下普通菜豆幼苗叶和根中PvP5CS2的转录水平快速上升, 干旱处理4 d, 叶中PvP5CS2表达量达到最大值; 高盐处理下, 叶和根中PvP5CS2的表达高峰分别出现在2 h和6 h; 冷胁迫下, 叶和根中的表达高峰都出现在2 h; 随着胁迫时间的延长, PvP5CS2基因的转录水平逐渐下降。普通菜豆在逆境胁迫下, 幼苗叶和根中脯氨酸大量积累, 积累高峰出现在PvP5CS2基因表达高峰之后。这些结果说明, PvP5CS2基因的表达受干旱、高盐和冷胁迫诱导, 脯氨酸积累受PvP5CS2基因转录水平的调控。PvP5CS2基因在洋葱表皮细胞中的瞬时表达结果显示PvP5CS2蛋白定位在细胞核和膜上。 相似文献
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Overexpression of a small heat‐shock‐protein gene enhances tolerance to abiotic stresses in rice 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world which survives from various abiotic stresses in natural environments with specific stress‐involved genes expressed. Plant sHSPs (small heat‐shock proteins) were reported to respond to abiotic stresses. To improve the understanding of sHSPs in rice, we characterized heat‐shock‐protein gene OsHSP18.6 here. OsHSP18.6 could be induced by diverse stresses, such as drought, salt and cold, especially under heat. The gene was found expressed in root, stem, leaf, internode and spikelet. Overexpression of OsHSP18.6 results in increased thermotolerance and exhibits universal tolerance to stresses tested, including heat, drought, salt and cold. Lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and greater activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in OsHSP18.6‐overexpression rice under heat and drought. OsHSP18.6‐overexpression lines indicated decreased sterile rates under hot weather without remarkable changes in most of other agronomic traits compared with wild‐type plants. 相似文献
13.
采用盆栽法,在3种披碱草属牧草苗期对其进行水分胁迫,测定幼苗叶片相对含水量、细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛含量及游离脯氨酸含量等指标,以对其抗旱性做初步研究。结果表明,3种牧草的叶片相对含水量呈下降趋势;细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、游离脯氨酸含量及丙二醛含量均呈增加趋势。初步评价,3种牧草苗期对干旱胁迫的耐受性强弱顺序为:披碱草加拿大披碱草老芒麦。 相似文献
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普通菜豆PvP5CS2基因对逆境胁迫的应答 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了探索逆境条件下脯氨酸积累的分子遗传机理, 改善作物的抗逆能力, 应用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术和水杨酸法分别检测干旱、高盐(200 mmol L-1 NaCl)和冷(4℃)胁迫条件下普通菜豆幼苗叶和根中脯氨酸合成酶基因PvP5CS2表达量和脯氨酸含量的变化。结果显示, 3种胁迫条件下普通菜豆幼苗叶和根中PvP5CS2的转录水平快速上升, 干旱处理4 d, 叶中PvP5CS2表达量达到最大值; 高盐处理下, 叶和根中PvP5CS2的表达高峰分别出现在2 h和6 h; 冷胁迫下, 叶和根中的表达高峰都出现在2 h; 随着胁迫时间的延长, PvP5CS2基因的转录水平逐渐下降。普通菜豆在逆境胁迫下, 幼苗叶和根中脯氨酸大量积累, 积累高峰出现在PvP5CS2基因表达高峰之后。这些结果说明, PvP5CS2基因的表达受干旱、高盐和冷胁迫诱导, 脯氨酸积累受PvP5CS2基因转录水平的调控。PvP5CS2基因在洋葱表皮细胞中的瞬时表达结果显示PvP5CS2蛋白定位在细胞核和膜上。 相似文献
15.
Recent studies propose the combination of electrical energy and plant production, in which often only radiation peaks were used for energy production. Then, the effect on plant growth is assumed to be negligible. However, photosynthesis is known to be a monotonically increasing function of radiation. We studied the response of tomato to constraining the intensity of solar radiation. Tomato crops in greenhouse compartments were shaded when the outside photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) exceeded 640 and 1280 μmol m?2 s?1, resulting in a 57 % and 34 % reduction in the PPFD integral over the growing period compared to the non‐shaded control. Constraining the intensity of solar radiation significantly reduced photosynthesis, growth and yield of tomato plants. Model‐derived estimates of reduction in crop dry matter increment were 50 % and 28 % for the strongly and moderately PPFD constrained crops. However, measured plant dry matter increment decreased only by 31 % and 19 %, respectively, that is, light use efficiency increased markedly. This indicates a strong adaptation of the plant's metabolism to cope with the limitation in light availability such as increasing the specific leaf area and reducing respiration. Surprisingly, this was only of little concern to the fruit quality, because no effect of constraining PPFD on the concentration of total dry matter, sugars and lycopene in the fruits could be observed. The concentration of titratable acids was significantly increased, however, when constraining PPFD, while ß‐carotene was slightly decreased. When combining plant and energy production, yield reductions in systems that reduce the supply of solar radiation to crops only at high irradiances will be less considerable than in systems that permanently shade the crop. However, yield losses in tomato production remain significant in both system types. 相似文献
16.
Salinity stress causes ion toxicity and osmotic imbalances, leading to oxidative stress in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are considered bio‐ameliorators of saline soils and could develop salinity tolerance in crop plants. Pigeonpea exhibits strong mycorrhizal development and has a high mycorrhizal dependency. The role of AM in enhancing salt tolerance of pigeonpea in terms of shoot and root dry weights, phosphorus and nitrogen contents, K+ : Na+, Ca2+ : Na+ ratios, lipid peroxidation, compatible solutes (proline and glycine betaine) and antioxidant enzyme activities was examined. Plants were grown and maintained at three levels of salt (4, 6 and 8 dSm?1). Stress impeded the growth of plants, led to weight gain reductions in shoots as well as roots and hindered phosphorus and nitrogen uptake. However, salt‐stressed mycorrhizal plants produced greater root and shoot biomass, had higher phosphorus and nitrogen content than the corresponding uninoculated stressed plants. Salt stress resulted in higher lipid peroxidation and membrane stability was reduced in non‐AM plants. The presence of fungal endophyte significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and membrane damage caused by salt stress. AM plants maintained higher K+ : Na+ and Ca2+ : Na+ ratios than non‐AM plants under stressed and unstressed conditions. Salinity induced the accumulation of both proline and glycine betaine in AM and non‐AM plants. The quantum of increase in synthesis and accumulation of osmolytes was higher in mycorrhizal plants. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly with salinity in both mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, pigeonpea plants responded to an increased ion influx in their cells by increasing the osmolyte synthesis and accumulation under salt stress, which further increased with AM inoculation and helped in maintaining the osmotic balance. Increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities in AM plants under salt stress could be involved in the beneficial effects of mycorrhizal colonization. 相似文献
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转PvP5CS1基因拟南芥植株对干旱和盐胁迫的反应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索普通菜豆脯氨酸合成酶基因P5CS1在植物渗透胁迫中的作用,本研究应用农杆菌介导法,将PvP5CS1基因转入拟南芥,获得6株阳性转基因株系;通过检测转基因植株与野生型植株在干旱和盐胁迫下种子发芽率,幼苗脯氨酸含量、株系电导率、相对根长和成株死亡率,分析了PvP5CS1基因的表达对改善拟南芥抗渗透胁迫的效应。结果表明,在150 mmol L-1 NaCl和150 mmol L-1甘露醇渗透胁迫下,转基因植株平均相对发芽率分别是野生型的1.6倍和1.62倍;150、250 mmol L-1甘露醇和150 mmol L-1 NaCl处理下,转基因拟南芥植株平均脯氨酸含量分别是野生型的2.68、1.30和1.30倍;平均相对电导率分别是野生型植株的85%、77%和85%;平均相对根长分别是野生型植株的1.2、1.3和1.2倍;300 mmol L-1 NaCl处理下,转基因植株的平均死亡率为42%,显著低于野生型(90%)(P<0.05);干旱胁迫下,转基因植株的平均死亡率为56%,显著低于野生型(70%)(P<0.05),说明PvP5CS1基因在拟南芥中的表达明显改善了转基因植株的抗旱性和耐盐性。 相似文献
18.
拟南芥AT2G14260基因编码脯氨酸亚氨基肽酶，基因芯片表达谱数据显示该基因响应高盐、低温等非生物胁迫。为研究其功能和表达特性，本研究采用野生型和突变体植株pip-1进行低温、干旱和盐胁迫处理，结果显示在正常培养基中野生型与pip-1植株表型没有区别。而在逆境处理下pip-1植株的根比野生型明显短，且在干旱胁迫下，突变体的叶子比野生型植株明显变黄萎蔫。在正常环境、冷、干旱、盐胁迫下，野生型植株脯氨酸含量的平均值分别是突变体的1.11、1.23、1.10和1.34倍，这说明AT2G14260基因对提高非生物胁迫的耐性具有一定的作用。同时分离了该基因的启动子，构建了表达GUS基因的载体并转化拟南芥，结果表明该启动子在正常环境中不表达。胁迫处理时从两叶期开始在根、叶、茎中表达，到达花期后，干旱处理下的花瓣、花枝和冷处理下的花柱头中也有表达。GUS相对活性试验也证明对胁迫的响应能力。可见AT2G14260基因启动子是逆境胁迫诱导表达启动子，同时具有组织表达特异性，因此，AT2G14260基因及其启动子在转基因工程育种中具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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André M. Almeida Enrique Villalobos Susana S. Araújo Barbara Leyman Patrick Van Dijck Luís Alfaro-Cardoso Pedro S. Fevereiro José M. Torné Dulce M. Santos 《Euphytica》2005,146(1-2):165-176
Summary Trehalose (a non-reducing disaccharide) plays an important role in abiotic stress protection. It has been shown that using
trehalose synthesis genes of bacterial origin, drought and salt tolerance could be achieved in several plants. A cassette
harboring the AtTPS1 gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and the Bialaphos resistance gene was inserted in the binary plasmid vector
pGreen0229 and used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). T0 plants obtained were analyzed by PCR for the presence of AtTPS1 gene. Thirty lines were positive and seeds were germinated on media with 6 mg/l PPT to obtain T1 plants that were grown in
the greenhouse to obtain T2 seeds that were germinated on selective media. Lines which seeds showed a 100 % survival rate
were considered homozygous transgenic T1 lines. Three lines were selected and gene expression confirmed by northern and western
blots. Transgenic seeds were germinated on media with different concentrations of mannitol (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 M) and sodium
chloride (0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.2, 0.27 and 0.34 M) to score their tolerance to osmotic stress. Assays were conducted to test the
tolerance of transgenic plants to drought (measurement of water percentage as a consequence of water withdrawal), desiccation
(measurement of water loss as a consequence leaf detaching) and temperature stresses (germination at 15 ∘C and 35∘C). Transgenic tobacco plant lines registered higher germination rates under osmotic and temperature stress situations than
did wild-type plants. Responses to drought and desiccation stresses were similar for all plant lines. It can hence be suggested
that the heterologous expression of TPS1 gene from Arabidopsis can be used successfully to increase abiotic stress tolerance in model plants and probably in other crops. 相似文献
20.
不同棉花品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应及抗旱性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在研究干旱胁迫对不同棉花品种脯氨酸、可溶性糖、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶等生理生化指标的影响。采用田间人工模拟干旱法,设置干旱胁迫和正常浇水2个处理,运用隶属函数法综合评价品种抗旱性强弱。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,棉花叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖等渗透调节物质的含量增加,过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶保护酶活性提高,抵御干旱的能力增强;棉花的抗旱性是一个复杂的生理生化机制,依据隶属函数综合评价法得出,4份棉花品种的抗旱性强弱依次为‘衡优12’＞‘冀棉958’＞‘中177’＞‘邯杂306’。 相似文献