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1.
Four digestion experiments with 5 wethers each (0, 15, 30 or 60 mg avoparcin per animal and day), three individual feeding experiments (28, 18 or 56 bulls per experiment; 0 and 150/200; 0, 250 and 500 or 0 and 200 mg avoparcin per animal and day in the experiments 1, 2 or 3) and two group feeding experiments (60 bulls and 161 heifers per experiment; salt lick stones without or with 2.5 g avoparcin per kg) were carried out in order to investigate the influence of avoparcin on apparent digestibility, figures of rumen fermentation, fattening and slaughtering results as well as protein, fat and energy retention. Avoparcin supplementation did not significantly influence the apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude nutrients. Concentration of acetate of rumen liquid was decreased (16 or 36) and that of propionate was increased (25 or 50 mmoles per mol) when 200 or 500 mg avoparcin per animal and day were added. Acetate:propionate ratio decreased from 4.2 to 3.5 and 3.1:1. Avoparcin did not influence feed intake, enhanced daily weight gain (37 to 174 g per animal and day) and improved feed efficiency (5 to 26%). Salt lick stones with avoparcin increased weight gain (58 and 96 g per animal and day). Slaughtering results and body composition of bulls were not influenced by avoparcin. Daily retention of protein, fat and energy was significantly increased (16 to 18%; P less than 0.05) when avoparcin was supplemented.  相似文献   

2.
Three experiments with five wether each were carried out in order to investigate the influence of various levels of flavomycin (0, 5 and 10 mg per animal and day) on apparent digestibility of artificially dried grass. A short time individual feeding experiment (42 days) with 9 bulls and a long term individual feeding experiment (225 days) with 52 heifers were conducted. Animals consumed 0 or 30 mg flavomycin per day. Parameters of rumen fermentation were investigated. Feed intake and weight gain were measured in the experiment with heifers. Flavomycin did not significantly influence the apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude nutrients as well as parameters of rumen fermentation. Flavomycin did not influence dry matter intake, but increased significantly weight gain (49 g per animal and day, 10.5%) and reduced feed and energy required per kg weight gain (10.6%) in heifers. The reasons of ergotropic effects of flavomycin are mostly unknown at present.  相似文献   

3.
Four digestion experiments with 5 wethers each (Feeding: artificially dried grass; 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg lasalocid per animal and day), two short time experiments (Exp. 1: 3 rumen fistulated sheep; feeding; artificially dried grass; 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg lasalocid per animal and day; exp. 2: 20 bulls; feeding; 2 kg concentrates per animal and day; wheat straw ad libitum; 0, 150 or 300 mg lasalocid per animal and day) and one individual feeding experiment (24 bulls per group; duration: 279 days, feeding: 2 kg concentrates per animal and day, corn silage and whole barley-grass silage ad libitum; 0 or 100/200 mg lasalocid per animal and day) were carried out in order to investigate the influence of the ionophore lasalocid on digestibility, figures of rumen fermentation as well as fattening and slaughtering results of bulls. Higher doses of lasalocid (30 and 60 mg per animal and day) decreased significantly digestibility of organic matter (1.8 and 2.8 units) and crude fibre (5.8 and 7.2 units). Relative acetate (22 to 120 mmoles per mol) and butyrate concentration (23 to 58 mmoles per mol) were decreased and molar propionate concentration of rumen liquid (25 to 154 mmoles per mol) was increased depending on level of lasalocid supplementation. Lasalocid did not significantly influence the dry matter intake; daily weight gain and slaughtering results were increased (4.4 and 6.1%), energy efficiency was improved (3.8%). Effects of lasalocid are similar to that of monensin. A dose of 20 to 30 mg lasalocid per kg dry matter is recommended.  相似文献   

4.
In two digestion experiments with wethers and seven feeding experiments with 198 fattening bulls with rations rich in (greater than 55% of the dry matter intake from roughage), the influence of the antibiotic monensin on the digestibility of the ration, on rumen-physiologic characteristic values and on fattening and slaughtering results was investigated. The digestibility of the organic matter and the crude nutrients was not significantly influenced by the use of monensin (20 mg/kg dry matter). The administration of 200 mg monensin per fattening bull and day resulted in an increase of the molar concentration of propionate in the rumen fluid by 9.7 mol%, the concentration of acetate and butyrate decreased by 7.3 resp. 2.8 mol %. On an average of the seven experiments the intake of dry matter was diminished by 5.1% through the use of monensin, the live weight increase remained almost unaffected (3.0% additional increase), feed and energy requirement per kg live weight were improved by 7.9%. The fattening results do not always correspond in the various experiments. The results of the dressing of the carcass, the composition of the carcass and the quality of the meat remained unaffected by the administration of monensin.  相似文献   

5.
In an individual feeding experiment (150-500 kg live weight) the influence of the polyether antibiotic Monensin on the fattening, slaughtering and retention performances of crossbreeding dairy bulls (genotype 31) and fattening hybrids (genotype 61) was ascertained. The supplementation of the polyether antibiotic on average resulted in a decrease by approximately equal to 11% of the dry matter and energy expenditure per kg weight gain due to a lower feed intake and a higher live weight gain. The slaughtering parameter investigated and the chemical composition of the empty body remained uninfluenced. The daily nutrient retention values were positively influenced by the Monensin supplementation since the fattening bulls of the test group required 30 days less to achieve the attempted fattening weight. The additional retention of protein, fat and energy per animal and day in the dairy bulls approximately equal to 10.9; 13.5 and 16.4% and in the fattening hybrids 1.9; 3.2 and 2.6%. Due to a higher energy retention at a lower level of feed and energy intake after Monensin supplementation an average of approximately equal to 11.3 and 15.4% resp. more of the consumed digestible protein and the digestible energy resp. were retained in the empty bodies. One can conclude that Monensin improved the utilisation of feed energy; obviously the effect of the polyether antibiotic is due to its influence on processes in the rumen or directly or indirectly on metabolism.  相似文献   

6.
Three long time individual feeding experiments (greater than 258 days) with 48 beef cattle each (dairy breed and beef breed, 50% each) were carried out in order to measure the influence of various vitamin A supply (0, 2,500, 5,000 and 10,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg body weight and day) on fattening and slaughtering performance, vitamin A concentration of liver and serum as well as carotene concentration of serum. The bulls consumed corn silage (experiments 1 and 2; 9.4 and 18.3 mg carotene per kg dry matter) or NaOH-treated and pelleted straw (experiment 3; no carotene). The roughages were supplemented with 2 (exp. 1 and 2) and 3 kg (exp. 3) concentrate per day. The vitamin A supply of corn silage diet did not significantly influence the dry matter intake (exp. 1: means: 6.95; 6.91 to 7.05; exp. 2: means: 6.54; 6.53 to 6.54 kg dry matter per animal and day) and the daily weight gain of bulls (exp. 1: means: 1076; 1028 to 1157; exp. 2: means: 1058; 1041 to 1057 g per animal). The bulls consumed 8.87 kg dry matter per day, the daily weight gain amounted to 1030 g per animal and day in experiment 3. The bulls of unsupplemented group reduced feed intake and weight gain after 150 days, an additional vitamin A supply was necessary. At the end of experiments 1 and 2 the liver vitamin A concentration of unsupplemented groups amounted to 38.8 and 65.9 mumol/kg, it increased after vitamin A supply (up to 153.4 mumol/kg). Feeding of pelleted straw effected a liver vitamin A concentration lower than 10 mumol/kg except the group supplemented with 10,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg body weight and day (35.7 mumol per kg fresh matter of liver). The vitamin A concentration of blood is unsuitable for evaluation of vitamin A status of cattle. The carotene content of feeds and level of vitamin A supply determined the carotene concentration of blood. Recommendations for a suitable vitamin A supply of ration of growing cattle were given depending on body weight and type of diet.  相似文献   

7.
A sheep digestion trial and two feedlot trials with cattle were conducted to study effects of an ionophore, salinomycin, on nutrient digestibility, ruminal metabolism and cattle performance. In trial 1, addition of salinomycin at 5.5, 11 or 22 ppm to 60% concentrate diets fed to ruminal-cannulated rams had no effect (P greater than .05) on apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) or starch in comparison with control diets. Apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility was increased (P less than .05) in animals fed salinomycin. Salinomycin did not affect total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the rumen, but resulted in a linear (P less than .05) increase in molar proportion of propionate and a linear (P less than .05) decrease in molar proportions of acetate and butyrate and in acetate:propionate ratios. Shifts in VFA proportions were fully expressed within 4 d after salinomycin was added to the diet. In trial 2, salinomycin was added at 5.5, 11, 22 or 33 ppm to 85% concentrate diets fed to finishing steers. Salinomycin level had a quadratic effect (P less than .05) on daily weight gain and resulted in a quadratic (P less than .05) decrease in feed intake with a resultant average improvement of 10.3% in feed efficiency. Salinomycin (5.5, 11, 16.5 or 22 ppm) and monensin (22 ppm) were added to 90% concentrate diets in trial 3 and produced increased rates of gain without affecting feed intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

8.
We investigated the effects of wood kraft pulp (KP) feeding on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation of Japanese Black (JB) steer in the middle fattening stage. The feeding experiment was carried out a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design using six JB steers (16.2 ± 0.8 months of age). Steers were fed rice straw and three concentrated feeds: commercial formula feed (control), formula feed containing 7.5% KP on a dry matter (DM) basis (7.5% KP), and formula feed containing 15% KP on a DM basis (15% KP). Feed digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters were recorded for 3 days during the measurement period, after an adaptation phase of 11 days. There was no significant difference in DM intake per day among diets. A slightly higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was observed in steers fed 15% KP, compared with those fed other diets (P = 0.059). The butyric acid ratio in rumen fluid was higher in steers fed KP diets than in steers fed control (P = 0.083). The average ruminal pH was unaffected by KP diets. This study suggests that replacing 15% of concentrated feed with KP has little effect on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation in JB fattening steer.  相似文献   

9.
In two feeding experiments fattening bulls received on average a daily supplement of 170 or 200 mg Monensin. In a further 8-week experiment the daily Monensin supplement was 0; 500 or 1 000 mg per day. Ergotropic Monensin supplements (experiments 1 and 2) did not change the blood count and the Ca, P and Mg content of blood serum and the activity of AP, AST and LAP in the serum remained unchanged. Net acid base excretion and the content of Na, K and Mg in urine were not significantly influenced either. The influence of 500 mg Monensin per animal and day on the feed intake of animals previously given lower supplements was insignificant. 1 000 mg Monensin per animal and day resulted in a 40% decrease of feed intake and permanent diarrhoea. It was connected with a diminishing of the glucose content in the blood and an increase of net acid base, Na and P excretion in urine. The blood count did not change after the Monensin overdose. In conclusion one can say that the ergotropic Monensin supplement did not change the metabolism parameters.  相似文献   

10.
The objective of these studies were to investigate the digestibility of poultry litter of layers and to add poultry litter to grazing Boran Zebu bulls and Ogaden sheep in East Ethiopia. Two feeding experiments (132 and 102 days) with Boran Zebu bulls (10 and 16 bulls per trial) and one feeding experiment with female Ogaden sheep (30 ewes) were carried out. All animals were grazing all day long. During the night the animals of all trials were divided into two groups each. The animals of one group of each experiment obtained poultry litter ad libitum without any other feedstuffs. Apart from feeding trials digestion experiments were carried out in order to determine the digestibility of poultry litter in 4 Ogaden sheep. The apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude protein of poultry litter amounted to 69.8 and 82.8%, the net energy content was indicated with 474 EFUc per kg of dry matter. The daily weight gain of Boran Zebu bulls fed on poultry litter was by 40 and 91 g (6.5 and 13.6% in exp. 1 and 2) higher than that of control groups. Especially during the dry season (Feb./March 1982) bulls supplemented with poultry litter were highly superior in daily weight gain (84 and 310 g per day more in exp. 1 and 2) to unsupplemented groups. The daily weight gain of Ogaden sheep fed on poultry litter in a short-term experiment (56 days) under improved grazing conditions (April-June 1982) was by 13 g per day higher than that of control animals (weight gain: 18 and 31 g per animal and day).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

11.
Two experiments have been conducted to study the effect of virginiamycin in a maize silage diet (I) or a complete dry feed (II). Virginiamycin was incorporated at 0 or 65 mg per kg concentrate which was fed at 0.75% of the live weight of 43 Belgian white-red bulls (I), or at 0 or 25 mg per kg complete dry feed for 24 Belgian white-blue bulls (II). In the first experiment daily gain was increased by virginiamycin from 1.28 to 1.38 kg without effect on intake, but with an improved feed conversion from 5.99 to 5.60 kg dry matter/kg gain. In the second experiment daily gain, daily dry matter intake and feed conversion were not influenced by virginiamycin. The differences between experiments may suggest that the response to virginiamycin probably depends on the diet type, although no significant interaction was found between diet type and virginiamycin with regard to growth rate (P greater than 0.10). In both experiments, fasting weight loss, dressing percent and carcass classification and composition were not affected by virginiamycin.  相似文献   

12.
试验通过研究饲粮不同物理有效中性洗涤纤维（peNDF）含量对育肥奶公牛反刍、消化、生产性能和瘤胃发酵的影响,旨在为奶公牛生产中配制适宜peNDF含量的全混合日粮（TMR）提供依据。选择30头11月龄、体重（345.57±23.53） kg、健康的中国荷斯坦奶公牛（未阉割）,随机分为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,每组10头,分别饲喂8.00 mm孔径筛上物peNDF （peNDF8.00）含量为12.40%、13.75%和14.85%的3种饲粮。结果表明：试验Ⅰ组奶公牛的饲粮采食次数显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组反刍时间、每千克干物质和中性洗涤纤维反刍时间显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。3组间干物质采食量（DMI）、peNDF采食量、平均日增重（ADG）、料重比（F/G）及干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、钙（Ca）和磷（P）表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）。试验Ⅲ组瘤胃pH显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,而丙酸浓度显著低于其他2组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组瘤胃乙丙比、乙酸和氨态氮（NH3-N）浓度显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下,3种不同peNDF8.00水平饲粮对育肥奶公牛生产性能和养分表观消化率影响不显著,饲粮peNDF8.00为13.75%和14.85%时,奶公牛反刍时间、瘤胃乙丙比、乙酸和NH3-N浓度显著增加,可使奶公牛保持较佳瘤胃发酵性能。  相似文献   

13.
This study aimed to examine the effects of feeding kraft pulp (KP) on the growth performance, feed digestibility, and rumen fermentation of Japanese Black fattening steers. Ten Japanese Black fattening steers (aged 26 months) were randomly divided into control and KP groups. The control group (n = 5) was fed concentrate feed without KP, and the KP group (n = 5) was fed concentrate feed containing 10% KP. Both the groups were provided rice straw as roughage. The experiment was conducted over a period of 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake, daily body weight gain, and nutrient digestibility between both groups. No difference was observed in the ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids among the groups. At weeks 8 and 12 after the onset of the experiment, the acetate‐to‐propionate ratio in the ruminal fluid of the KP group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The average daily pH of ruminal fluid and activity of ruminal lipopolysaccharide did not differ between the groups. Our results suggested that the growth performance and feed digestibility in the Japanese Black fattening steers were not influenced by replacing concentrate feed with KP.  相似文献   

14.
Three crossbred tropical cattle and three crossbred buffaloes, fitted with rumen cannulas, were used to investigate the differences in feed intake, digestibility and parameters with rumen degradation kinetics between cattle and buffalo fed a fattening diet in the Philippines. The animals were fed a diet consisting of 50% corn silage (CS), 30% brewer's grain (BG) and 20% concentrate mixture (CM) on a dry matter (DM) basis, at a level of 3% bodyweight (BW) as DM. Total DM intake (DMI) and rumen fill were greater (P < 0.05) for buffaloes than for cattle, but significant differences were not detected between the animal species when those were expressed as percentage of BW. The DMI per metabolic body size for BG and CM were greater for buffaloes than for cattle (P < 0.05), whereas that of CS did not differ between the species (P > 0.05). The weight proportion of consumed feedstuffs differed between cattle and buffaloes (P < 0.05), although nutrient intake per total DMI did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between the animal species. Nutrients digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) for buffaloes than for cattle. Ruminal passage rate constant of feed particles and rumen fluid did not differ (P > 0.05) between the animal species. Higher DM degradation rate constant and effective degradability with CS were prominent for buffaloes than for cattle (P < 0.05). Degradation parameters did not differ (P > 0.05) between cattle and buffaloes, neither with BG nor CM. The results indicate that the greater digestibility with DM and energy for buffaloes are ascribable to greater effective degradability of CS fed ad libitum level.  相似文献   

15.
A study on mineral metabolism and conversion of nutrients by applying sodium monensinate, 125 mg per head and day, in cattle fattening was performed. This experiment was realized under production conditions in the fattening station of pavillion type for 367 days and included 985 bulls of Bohemian Spotted cattle. The feed ration consisted of maize silage with addition of dried poultry bedding and concentrates. At the beginning of the experiment the appetite antipathy was observed, the adaptation period lasted 4 weeks. During the adaptation period the weight gains decreased; after adaptation of animals to monensin the weight gain not only counter-poised, but in comparison with the control it increased. Throughout the experiment no health disorders connected with the applied additive were observed. In the rumen fluid the content of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron was followed. In the blood plasma the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron were followed. The application of sodium monensinate did not affect the followed parameters of mineral metabolism. The experiment was aimed at the evaluation of production and operational parameters with a view to the weight gain and feed conversion. In the experimental group the weight gain was higher by 3.85%. The saving of maize silage in the experimental group amounted to 5.8%, by using of this additive the saving of concentrates amounted to 1.35%. In the experimental group the feed conversion converted to dry matter increased by 7.12%. Sodium monensinate at the dose of 125 mg per head and day had positive effect on the followed production and economic parameters.  相似文献   

16.
Experiments were carried out to examine the effects of a Fusarium contaminated wheat (10 mg deoxynivalenol and 0.76 mg zearalenone, ZON, per kg dry matter) and of a detoxifying agent (Mycofix Plus, Biomin GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria) on the growing performance of bulls, carry-over of ZON and its metabolites into body fluids and tissues, and on nutrient digestibility in wethers. The experiments were designed according to a complete two by two factorial approach which meant that both the uncontaminated control wheat and the Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat were tested both in the absence and presence of Mycofix Plus. The growing experiment with bulls (n = 14 per treatment) covered the live weight range between 244 kg and 460 kg. The respective wheat batches were included in the concentrate portion at 65%. Concentrates were fed according to plan whereas maize silage was offered for ad libitum consumption. Daily dry matter intake and live weight gain [kg per animal and day] were 7.40, 7.52, 7.51 and 7.49 and 1.367, 1.296, 1.380 and 1.307 for bulls fed the unsupplemented control wheat, the supplemented control wheat, the unsupplemented and Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat and the supplemented Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat, respectively. ZON and its metabolites were not detected in edible tissues. The most striking effects of feeding the Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat on carcass characteristics were a reduced dressing percentage, an increased weight of the emptied gastro-intestinal tract and a reduced weight of the testicles. No effect of the detoxifying agent was seen for these parameters whereas heart weight increased independently of Fusarium toxin contamination of the concentrates. Nutrient digestibility of the two wheat batches, unsupplemented or supplemented with Mycofix Plus was evaluated according to the difference method using wethers. Presence of Fusarium toxins in wheat did not influence its feeding value. The effects of the addition of the detoxifying agent were mycotoxin unspecific and resulted in an increase in apparent digestibility of crude protein and a decrease in crude fiber digestibility. It is concluded that feeding of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat did not adversely affect performance of growing bulls (approximately 2.2 mg DON and 0.1 mg ZON per kg complete ration at a reference dry matter content of 88%) or nutrient digestibility in wethers. The effects of the detoxifying agent Mycofix Plus on growing performance and on nutrient digestibility were rather Fusarium toxin unspecific. The slightly negative effects on growing performance needs to be examined further.  相似文献   

17.
旨在探究不同颗粒日粮对育肥羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响.选取体重相近、(70±10)日龄的滩羊羯羔羊60只,随机分为4组:对照组(n=15)、试验Ⅰ组(n=15)、试验Ⅱ组(n=15)、试验Ⅲ组(n=15).对照组饲喂自配全混合日粮(40％自配精饲料+60％自配粗饲料),试验Ⅰ组饲喂50％自配全混合日...  相似文献   

18.
Total metabolism trials were carried out with 8 fattening bulls and 4 male sheep receiving rations supplemented with formic acid. Comparative trials were performed with lucerne conservates. The following results were obtained: Formic acid supplements of up to 0.7 gm/kg liveweight per animal/day did not influence the ruminal fermentation and the digestibility of the food beyond ordinary dissimilation processes nor did they influence the energy turnover in the animals. Already in the rumen, the added HCOOH was largely broken down into CO2 and CH4. Higher levels of N retention were observed if the animals were fed fresh lucerne silage supplemented with formic acid as compared with dried green feed and the other types of silage.  相似文献   

19.
针对夏季绵羊遭受严重热应激现状,研究日粮中添加中草药组方(藿朴蒲苓散)对夏季育肥羔羊生长性能、消化性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血清生化指标的影响。选择200只体重相近、年龄一致的健康育肥公羔羊,随机分为4组,分别饲喂0%(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%藿朴蒲苓散,试验期30 d,试验期间舍内温湿指数平均达79.11。试验末检测育肥羔羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和血清生化指标。结果表明：1)饲喂0.5%藿朴蒲苓散的羊日增重显著高于对照组(P < 0.01);日饮水量和日采食量在不同组间未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。从生理指标分析,饲喂中草药的羊直肠温度和呼吸频率与对照组比较均未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。2)0.5%组的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白、钙和磷等养分表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05),DM消化率较对照组提高7.20%(P < 0.01),而1.0%和1.5%组的消化率较对照组未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。3) 从血清生化指标上,3个给药组的生长激素均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05),0.5%组含量最高,较对照组提高16.90%;且0.5%组的甲状腺素含量显著高于其他组(P < 0.05)。4)从瘤胃发酵参数分析,3个给药组总挥发性脂肪酸含量、乙酸和丁酸含量均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05),分别是对照组的1.19~1.30倍、1.18~1.24倍和1.28~1.43倍。综上,本试验条件下,日粮中添加藿朴蒲苓散有助于缓解育肥羔羊的热应激,添加量以0.5%效果更佳。  相似文献   

20.
Live weight development and feed expenditure on 3 levels of crude protein supply and with isocaloric rations were investigated in scientific feeding experiments with 7 castrated male pigs each of the Bulgarian land race in the live weight range between 30 and 100 kg with a subdivision at 60 kg. The crude protein concentrations in the rations for the 3 groups were 17%, 15% and 13% in the first fattening period and 15% 13% and 11% in the second fattening period. In the two fattening periods the digestibility of the feed mixtures used was ascertained in experiments. The daily live weight gain in the three groups over the whole fattening period reached a high level of performance (836 g, 778 g and 757 g). The feed expenditure values were 3.3, 3.7 and 3.7 kg mixed feed (88% dry matter) per kg live weight gain. The highest protein supply resulted in the best weight gain performance and the lowest feed expenditure.  相似文献   

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