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1.
Olsman AF Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2004,129(16):510-522
The clinical signs of liver disease are highly variable and non-specific. Irrespective of the cause or the duration of liver disease, more specific clinical signs, e.g. hepatic encephalopathy, become apparent in the advanced stages of the disease. Due to the non-specific clinical signs, the possible diagnosis of liver disease is frequently not taken into consideration. However, measurement of the plasma or serum concentrations of total bile acids and gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) may provide valuable diagnostic information. The specific diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound examination of the liver and histological examination of a liver biopsy specimen. The most frequently documented liver diseases are acute hepatic necrosis, chronic hepatitis caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloids, cholelithiasis, and haemochromatosis. Immediate treatment with antibiotics and polyionic fluids, in association with supportive nutritional care, is usually necessary to maintain the horse until sufficient liver regeneration occurs to provide adequate function. The use of corticosteroids is contraindicated, except for patients with chronic active hepatitis. In some cases, e.g. portosystemic shunts or cholelithiasis, surgical intervention is indicated. Liver disease may be more common than is currently appreciated since little accurate information on the prevalence or incidence is available. 相似文献
2.
The purpose of the study reported here was to get detailed information about the normal size and texture of the liver in sheep by means of ultrasonographic examinations. Structure, location, and shape of the liver, gallbladder, portal vein, and caudal vena cava were examined ultrasonographically in 100 sheep. Furthermore, 10 sheep were scanned 10 times within 2 weeks to determine reproducibility of findings. Examinations were performed on the right side of the abdomen in the seventh through twelfth intercostal spaces. In each intercostal space, the dimensions of the liver, and, if visible, the location and diameter of the caudal vena cava and portal vein were determined. The angle of the liver, and location and size of the gallbladder also were determined. Ultrasonographic measurements of liver size and location in healthy sheep can be used as references for changes in liver size attributable to illness. 相似文献
3.
鸭瘟病毒强毒株在急性人工感染成年鸭病例体内分布规律 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
5 6只 3月龄四川麻鸭经皮下接种鸭瘟病毒 (DPV)强毒 SC1株 ,成功建立了 DPV感染的急性病理模型 ,并应用PCR方法检测了不同时间 DPV在感染鸭体各组织器官的分布情况。结果表明 ,接种 2 h后 ,即能够从脑、肝、脾、法氏囊、胸腺中检出 DPV DNA;12 h,可从心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、十二指肠、直肠、法氏囊、胸腺、胰腺、脑、胸肌、食管、腺胃、血液、舌、口腔分泌物、皮肤、骨髓和粪便等检测到 DPV的 DNA。检出时间最早和检出率最高的组织器官为肝脏和脑组织。本试验为阐明 DPV的致病机理和应用 PCR方法检测感染鸭体组织中的 DPV提供了重要的实验数据。 相似文献
4.
JENNIFER L. COVEY DVM DANIEL A. DEGNER DVM Diplomate ACVS REW H. JACKSON DVM Diplomate ACVS REW D. HOFELING DVM Diplomate ACVS RICHARD WALSHAW BVMS Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(1):104-111
Objective— To describe hepatic vasculobiliary anatomy important to hilar liver lobe resection in the dog.
Study Design— Experimental study.
Animals— Canine cadavers (n=7).
Methods— The vasculobiliary system of 7 fresh canine livers was injected with a polymer. The parenchyma was dissected at the level of the hilus to determine the vascular and biliary supply to each liver lobe, and then macerated with a corrosion preparation. The information gathered was used to describe a surgical approach for hilar liver lobe resection.
Results— Each liver lobe had a single hepatic artery and biliary duct. The location of these structures was consistent, although minor variations existed (dorsal versus ventral to the lobar portal vein) in the left lateral lobe and papillary process in 2 specimens. Most liver lobes (34/49) were supplied by 1 lobar portal vein and drained by 1 lobar hepatic vein (39/49). The location of the portal and hepatic veins was consistent among specimens.
Conclusions— The left division is the most mobile of the liver lobes and each lobe can be removed separately or en bloc. Because of the location of the hepatic veins, the central division is best removed as a single unit. The right lateral lobe can be removed individually or together with the caudate process. The papillary process is removed by itself.
Clinical Relevance— A hilar liver lobectomy technique can provide an alternative approach to conventional procedures for tumors that encroach upon the hilus of the liver. 相似文献
Study Design— Experimental study.
Animals— Canine cadavers (n=7).
Methods— The vasculobiliary system of 7 fresh canine livers was injected with a polymer. The parenchyma was dissected at the level of the hilus to determine the vascular and biliary supply to each liver lobe, and then macerated with a corrosion preparation. The information gathered was used to describe a surgical approach for hilar liver lobe resection.
Results— Each liver lobe had a single hepatic artery and biliary duct. The location of these structures was consistent, although minor variations existed (dorsal versus ventral to the lobar portal vein) in the left lateral lobe and papillary process in 2 specimens. Most liver lobes (34/49) were supplied by 1 lobar portal vein and drained by 1 lobar hepatic vein (39/49). The location of the portal and hepatic veins was consistent among specimens.
Conclusions— The left division is the most mobile of the liver lobes and each lobe can be removed separately or en bloc. Because of the location of the hepatic veins, the central division is best removed as a single unit. The right lateral lobe can be removed individually or together with the caudate process. The papillary process is removed by itself.
Clinical Relevance— A hilar liver lobectomy technique can provide an alternative approach to conventional procedures for tumors that encroach upon the hilus of the liver. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2007,16(3):135-145
With rabbit patients, as in other species, analyzing blood and urine samples can be useful and informative, although interpretation of the results is sometimes challenging. This article summarizes the interpretation of laboratory results from rabbits. Hematological parameters can yield information about the red blood cell population and leukocyte response to stress and pathogens. Biochemistry evaluation can be used to investigate liver, kidney, and other organ function, and urinalysis results may yield additional information about kidney function and electrolyte imbalances. Serological tests are available for several pathogens of rabbits, including Encephalitozoon cuniculi, although the significance of positive results and antibody titers is not clear. Serum protein electrophoresis aids the understanding of protein disorders and the immune response to acute and chronic inflammation. 相似文献
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7.
R Dillon 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1985,15(1):97-117
The role of the liver in maintaining the health and function of other organs is frequently described in pathophysiologic terms. A large volume of information has been gleaned on the biochemistry and physiology of the "primary" hepatic diseases. In the dog, there is a paucity of information about the chemical events essential to the viability of normal liver cells and, more specifically, the mechanisms by which diseases of other organs secondarily affect the liver. 相似文献
8.
Hepatic coccidiosis is a frequent disease in rabbits. However, limited information is available pertaining to hematology, biochemistry, and ultrasonography of the liver in naturally infected rabbits. Two young emaciated rabbits presented with diarrhea. Microscopic fecal examination identified ellipsoidal oocysts. Eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, globulin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and decreased serum albumin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were detected. Ultrasonography showed mild ascites, an enlarged liver with heterogeneous parenchyma, dilated hepatic blood vessels, and dilated bile ducts. Despite treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and toltrazuril both rabbits died. Necropsy revealed ascites and an enlarged liver with multiple yellowish nodules. Histologically, distended bile ducts almost completely replaced the hepatic parenchyma, and numerous coccidial gametocytes and oocytes were observed. Microscopic fecal examination, hematology, biochemistry, and ultrasonography of the liver can contribute to diagnose of hepatic coccidiosis. 相似文献
9.
For many years, ultrasonography has been considered to be one of the most valuable imaging techniques for evaluation of the abdominal cavity and its organs. In most cases, abdominal ultrasonography helps obtain information that leads to a definitive diagnosis. Ultrasonography is also valuable to narrow the list of differential diagnoses obtained with other diagnostic techniques. This article discusses the role of ultrasound for the diagnosis of the most common diseases that can produce clinical signs of acute abdominal pain. Abdominal organs that can be evaluated using ultrasound include the liver, biliary system, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidney, urinary bladder, uterus, and prostate. Pathologies of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space can be also diagnosed with ultrasonography. Interventional ultrasound techniques are useful to either assist in getting the definitive diagnosis or to treat certain pathologic conditions. 相似文献
10.
David S. Biller DVM Brett Kantrowitz DVM Takayoshi Miyabayashi BVS MS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1992,6(2):71-76
Radiographically, the liver may appear normal even if severely diseased. Ultrasonography can be an important adjunct in the evaluation of diffuse parenchymal hepatic disease. Diffuse liver disease appears ultrasonographically as a change in liver echogenicity from normal when compared with the renal cortex or spleen. Diffuse liver disease can be characterized as either hyperechoic due to fatty change, steroid hepatopathy, and cirrhosis or hypoechoic due to congestion, suppurative hepatitis, and lymphoma. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of diffuse liver disease should be substantiated by biopsy and histopathologic evaluation. 相似文献
11.
Exotic small mammal medicine is a relatively new specialty area within veterinary medicine. Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents have long been used as animal models in human medical research investigations, resulting in a body of basic anatomic and physiologic information that can be used by veterinarians treating these species. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of veterinary articles that describe clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of gastrointestinal (GI) disease as it affects exotic small mammals. Although there is little reference material relating to exotic small mammal GI disease, patients are commonly presented to veterinary hospitals with digestive tract disorders. This article provides the latest information available for GI disease in ferrets (Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], GI lymphoma, systemic coronavirus, coccidiosis, and liver disease), rabbits (GI motility disorders, liver lobe torsion, astrovirus, and coccidiosis), guinea pigs (gastric dilatation volvulus [GDV]), rats (Taenia taeniaeformis), and hamsters (Clostridium difficile). Both noninfectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases are reviewed as well as the most up-to-date diagnostics and treatment options. 相似文献
12.
Berschneider HM 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2002,17(1):19-24
Gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic diseases provide a significant challenge to the veterinary practitioner. Specific causes and effective therapies can be elusive and sometimes frustrate both the animal caretaker and the veterinarian. The therapeutic options of a conventional veterinary practice are frequently limited and may come down to a decision of which is worse: the disease or the side effects of the treatment. This article provides information for the veterinary practitioner to consider for expanding his/her options. Acupuncture, herbal remedies, and homeopathy are not newly discovered modalities. They are old practices that are getting a fresh look from Western medicine as we seek new ways to better serve our patients and clients. The goal of this article is to provide the reader with many ideas and sufficient solid information to consider the use of these options. Specific therapies are suggested for numerous gastrointestinal and liver problems. Many of these may be used in conjunction with conventional therapies to aid in the healing process. 相似文献
13.
A review is presented of current knowledge with regard to blood chemistry for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in birds. Straightforward conclusions are difficult, because research on this subject has been limited. Jaundice caused by hyperbilirubinaemia occurs infrequently in birds, because the main bile pigment is biliverdin and not bilirubin. A yellow discolouration of avian plasma is often caused by the presence of carotenoids. The diagnostic value of plasma ALAT concentrations is controversial. Although ASAT and LD are not specific for the liver they appear to be sensitive enzymes to detect liver cell damage. GLDH is liver specific in a number of animal species (including birds) and might prove to be a useful enzyme for diagnostic purposes. AP and GGT seem less useful. Little information is available on the diagnostic value of plasma bile acids and plasma dye clearance tests. 相似文献
14.
Liver disease can influence the metabolism of various other organs. Regarding the influence of liver diseases on muscles, only a few studies done on people exist. The goal of our study was to investigate the influence of liver diseases on muscles in dogs. Twenty-eight dogs with different liver diseases were investigated in this study. The diagnosis of muscle alteration was based on electromyography (EMG), creatine kinase serum activity, 3-methylhistidine serum concentration and a muscle biopsy in some cases. Our results suggest that liver diseases in dogs can be accompanied with muscle alteration. 3-Methylhistidine serum concentration as a new parameter for muscle destruction in dogs was significantly increased compared to clinical healthy dogs and was comparable to those concentrations in dogs with histologically confirmed myopathy of different types. The differentiation of the liver diseases into severe hepatitis, moderate hepatitis and liver tumours showed a significant elevation of 3-methylhistidine serum concentration in cases of liver tumours (P=0.03) and a tendency in cases of severe hepatitis (P=0.07). Based on our study we can conclude that liver diseases have an influence on muscles in dogs and 3-methylhistidine could be a useful parameter for muscle destruction. 相似文献
15.
Fairweather I 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(1):1-8
A survey of literature on experimental infections with the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica published between 2005 and 2009 has revealed a general lack of information on where fluke material (i.e. metacercariae) was sourced from. Even less information was given on the drug status of the fluke isolate used, which is a particular concern for those studies that involved anthelmintics. In these two respects, information on the liver fluke lags far behind that for nematodes, where such information is given almost as a matter of course. Of additional concern is that, at times, information about the source and drug history of fluke isolates was incorrect. The overall aim of the review is to demonstrate why it is important to provide as much information as possible on what fluke material is being used. It also attempts to correct some of the errors in the literature and gather together what information is available about the provenance of those isolates that have been used in recent experimental studies. 相似文献
16.
牛磺酸鹅去氧胆酸对小鼠体内氧自由基代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了牛磺酸鹅去氧胆酸（TCDCA）对小鼠体内氧自由基代谢的影响.分别采用黄嘌呤氧化酶化学发光法、化学比色法、紫外分光光度法、硫代巴比妥酸法及酶标法测定了小鼠血浆、肝脏、脑组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）的含量及血浆中一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）的活性.结果显示,高、低剂量的TCDCA均能显著提高小鼠血浆和肝组织中的SOD活性,显著提高小鼠肝组织中CAT的活性,显著提高小鼠血浆中NOS活性,显著降低小鼠肝组织中GSH-Px活性;高剂量TCDCA能极显著提高小鼠脑组织中GSH-Px活性;低剂量TCDCA能显著提高小鼠血浆中CAT活性;高、低剂量的TCD-CA能分别显著降低小鼠血浆和脑组织、肝脏中的MDA含量.试验表明TCDCA具有显著的抗氧化作用. 相似文献
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18.
The present study was designed to analyse the factors influencing fatty liver weight.Taking the overfeeding results in 2014 and the local temperature together,effects of gender,temperature and body weight on fatty liver weight were studied and the results would provide reference information for improving fatty liver production and breeding work.Totally 415 geese at 10 weeks old were overfed for 28 days.Body weight before and after overfeeding,fatty liver weights,abdominal adipose weights were measured.Blood samples of geese were collected for DNA extraction to determine the gender.The results showed that body weight before and after overfeeding and gain weight during overfeeding period were all associated with liver weight extremely significantly and the correlation coefficient were 0.40,0.62 and 0.46,respectively (P < 0.01).The body weight after overfeeding showed extremely significant effect on fatty liver weight (P < 0.01).Gender showed no significant effect on liver weight when the body weight were similar between female and male geese (P > 0.05).Effect of temperature on liver weight was extremely significant (P < 0.01).Overfeeding work should be conducted between 13.6 to 25.2 ℃ and the optimal temperature was 20.3 ℃.Higher temperature would result in reduction of fatty liver weight.In summary,temperature was a fundamental guarantee for fatty liver production and body weight was an indirect selecting index when cultivate a breed specific for fatty liver.Further,gender showed no significant effects on fatty liver weight. 相似文献
19.
本研究通过填饲试验研究体重、性别对鹅肥肝重的影响,同时结合2014年全年肥肝生产记录及当地气温资料研究气温对鹅肥肝重的影响,以期为肥肝鹅的生产和育种工作提供参考资料。选择415只10周龄健康朗德鹅,开展为期28 d的填饲试验,测定填饲前、填饲后体重,屠宰后测定肝脏重和腹脂重,采集血样,提取DNA后用于鉴定填饲鹅性别,同时收集2014年全年7 007只肥肝鹅肝脏重数据,结合每月的平均气温数据,分析气温对鹅肥肝生产的影响。结果表明,家鹅填饲前后体重及填饲期增重与肝脏重呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.40、0.62和0.46,均为极显著正相关（P < 0.01）,其中,填饲后体重极显著影响肥肝重（P < 0.01）;公、母鹅体重相近时性别对肥肝重无显著差异（P > 0.05）;气温对填饲效果具有极显著影响（P < 0.01）,填饲工作宜在13.6~25.2 ℃的温度下开展,20.3 ℃为最适宜填饲气温,气温越高肥肝重越小。综上所述,温度是保证填饲成功的最基本条件;可通过体重间接选育肝用型鹅品种;性别对肝脏重无显著影响。 相似文献
20.
The relationship between serum concentrations of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) after experimental sporidesmin intoxication, and the severity of the liver damage seen on post-mortem examination of the liver, has been examined. Serum GGT activity in blood collected 2 to 3 weeks after ad-ministering the toxin is positively correlated to a subjective liver damage score and to losses in bodyweight associated with the intoxication. Determination of GGT activities provides a sensitive method for detecting and measuring liver damage in experimental sporidesmin poisoning. In the field, GGT determinations should prove useful in diagnosing liver damage associated with subclinical and clinical facial eczema giving additional information about the severity of the lesion. 相似文献