共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Ellen K Pikitch Phaedra Doukakis Liz Lauck Prosanta Chakrabarty & Daniel L Erickson 《Fish and Fisheries》2005,6(3):233-265
The 27 extant species of sturgeons and paddlefishes (Order Acipenseriformes) represent a unique and relict lineage of fishes. Producers of coveted black caviar, sturgeons are one of the most valuable wildlife commodities on earth. The group is among the most endangered fishes with all species listed under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix I (two species) or II (25 species), only two species considered Lower Risk by IUCN, four of the nine US taxa and one Caspian species protected under the Endangered Species Act, and local extinctions recorded for 19 of 27 species. Despite their well‐publicized imperilled status, commercial pressure on 15 species persists. Here, after reviewing the biological characteristics of sturgeons and paddlefishes and their commercial use, an overview of global fisheries is presented. The synopsis demonstrates that, with few exceptions, sturgeon and paddlefish are imperilled across the globe and long‐term survival in the wild is in jeopardy. All major sturgeon fisheries have surpassed peak productivity levels, with 70% of major fisheries posting recent harvests <15% of historic peak catches and 35% of the fisheries examined crashing within 7–20 years of inception. Even in Caspian Sea fisheries, the most important globally, present catches are below 10% of historic peak landings. Improved domestic and international fisheries management and attention to habitat and species restoration is now needed. Although captive rearing offers promise for caviar alternatives and endangered species restoration, it must advance cautiously to avoid environmental harm. To ensure a continued supply of caviar and the survival of these unique fishes we offer recommendations for priority conservation action for the future. 相似文献
2.
3.
长江江苏溆浦段2015 年发现中华鲟野生幼鱼的形态和分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在葛洲坝下中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)产卵场连续两年未监测到自然繁殖的情况下,2015年6月在江苏溆浦段发现15尾疑似中华鲟幼鱼。本研究通过形态学和分子生物学方法对该15尾幼鲟进行鉴定。形态学度量结果显示,除1尾个体外,新发现的14尾幼鲟与历史记载的中华鲟野生幼鱼生物学性状完全一致,但其体长和体重低于历史同期出现在该区域的中华鲟。同时采用11个多态微卫星位点,对15尾幼鲟样本和分布于我国的3种鲟鱼,包括30尾中华鲟(A.sinensis)、39尾达氏鲟(A.dabryanus)和33尾施氏鲟(A.dabryanus)进行遗传分析,发现这15尾幼鲟与中华鲟的遗传距离最近(F_(st)=0.039,P0.05),其次为达氏鲟(F_(st)=0.108,P0.05),最远为施氏鲟(F_(st)=0.209,P0.05),从遗传和进化的角度判定该批幼鱼为中华鲟,该结果暗示中华鲟在葛洲坝下游极有可能找到了新的产卵场,为中华鲟的繁殖群体和幼鱼的种群监测提供了依据。遗传多样性分析显示,该批鱼的遗传多样性(SW=1.998)略低于野生中华鲟(SW=1.886),暗示中华鲟幼鱼遗传多样性水平降低,野生亲本的数量仍不容乐观。 相似文献
4.
Lydia M. Vasilyeva Ashraf. I. Gh. Elhetawy Natalia V. Sudakova Svetlana S. Astafyeva 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):979-993
Since natural sturgeon populations have drastically declined, aquaculture of these valuable fish is important to meet the ever‐increasing demand for meat and caviar, thereby reducing the pressure on natural sturgeon resources. There are two directions in sturgeon aquaculture: controlled propagation for release and commercial farming. The controlled propagation supports the conservation of natural fish populations, while the commercial cultivation of sturgeons supplies the needs of the consumer market with the delicacy production of caviar (mainly). This review deals with the current status of the controlled propagation and stocking in the Volga‐Caspian basin and the commercial farming of sturgeons in Russia. The article also investigates the management of farmed broodstocks of sturgeons, which are used for obtaining seedlings and caviar. It is for sure that the active and continuous development of the two directions of sturgeon aquaculture will allow preserving these unique ancient fish on our planet until natural populations can be re‐established by self‐sustaining populations. 相似文献
5.
从连续到偶发：中华鲟在葛洲坝下发生小规模自然繁殖 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gray)为国家一级重点保护野生动物,典型的溯河洄游产卵鱼类。历史上,中华鲟在长江上游及金沙江下游产卵,由于葛洲坝修建阻隔了其洄游通道,1981年以后在葛洲坝下形成了比较稳定的产卵场,1982―2013年,每年均有自然繁殖发生。由于其栖息生境退化,每年洄游进入长江的中华鲟繁殖亲本逐年减少,2013―2015年连续3年在已知葛洲坝下中华鲟产卵场未监测到中华鲟自然繁殖活动。2016年11―12月的野外监测发现,中华鲟在宜昌葛洲坝下已知产卵场发生了自然繁殖。其中底层网具采集到中华鲟鱼卵(卵膜)67粒、仔鱼22尾;解剖食卵鱼发现,10尾食卵鱼类共摄食中华鲟卵454粒;水下视频观测到5处中华鲟卵黏附底质位点。根据采集到的鱼卵发育期及采集位点推算,产卵时间为2016年11月24日凌晨,产卵场位于葛洲坝大江电厂以下约300 m的江段内,产卵日水温为19.7℃,流量为6610 m3/s,水位为39.7 m。 相似文献
6.
Avshalom Hurvitz Karen Jackson Gad Degani Berta Levavi-Sivan 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):158-166
The Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) is native to the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea and the Azov Sea. It used to breed in the main incoming rivers, until dam construction in the mid 20th century blocked upriver spawning migration. Aquaculture of Russian sturgeon has only recently begun, prompted by their declining populations in natural habitats and the rise in meat and caviar prices. However, information on their gonadal development and puberty under culture conditions is incomplete.
Because sturgeons have no external sexual dimorphism and there are no external markers for sexing, internal examination of the gonads must be employed for gender identification as well as to monitor their development. The present study describes endoscopic and histological observations of the gonads of young Russian sturgeons aimed at identifying gender and monitoring ovarian developmental stage in females up to the age of 6 years, when they enter their first puberty cycle, as well as at 7 years of age, when they have completed vitellogenesis, under culture conditions. This information, as related to fish age and size, is of vital importance to commercial farming of Russian sturgeon for caviar production and reproduction.
For gonadal observations in both sexes, we used an endoscopic system consisting of a 4 mm, 14 cm long cystoscope sheath incorporated with fiber-optic light transmission, connected to a halogen cold light source and a miniature videocamera with a control unit attached to a color monitor. This system allowed us viewing of the fish's abdominal organs, and to save pictures of selected areas of the gonads on a computer as the fish's personal record. Ovarian biopsies were taken in parallel for histology at typical stages of gonadal development.
Gender could be identified with this system as early as at 3 years of age and the sex ratio under culture conditions of females, males and unidentified gender were 55, 40 and 5%, respectively.
Not only did large differences occur in the developmental stages of female of the same age group, but also ovarian development was highly asynchronous at the early vitellogenic stages. In late vitellogenesis, at the “gray egg” stage (1600–2600 μm diameter), the oocytes were quite regular in size and color, and remained so until the final stages of maturity.
Our study suggests that endoscopy is an efficient method for both gender identification at an early age, and for determination of gonadal development stage in sturgeon aquaculture. The ability to see the whole intact gonads of anesthetized fish can reveal important management and research information, with minimal damage or stress to the fish. 相似文献
7.
基于标志放流信息的长江口中华鲟降海洄游和分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)为国家一级重点保护野生动物。2004—2014 年在长江口水域标志放流中华鲟 12570 尾, 标志回捕中华鲟 24 尾次, 接收 18 枚落式卫星数据回收标志(PAT)信息。本研究根据标志放流信息, 分析研究长江口标志放流中华鲟降海洄游和分布特征。研究结果表明: (1)长江口标志放流中华鲟分布于经度跨度 7°, 纬度跨度 9°的长江口水域和东海及黄海海域, 主要聚集分布区为长江口水域和舟山群岛海域; (2)标志放流中华鲟具有显著的降海洄游趋势, 放流后短期滞留在长江口淡水环境, 7 d 后具有进入海洋的行为; (3)长江口标志放流中华鲟进入海洋后, 其迁移方向会出现随机性, 在迁移过程中具有折返、转向、停滞的特征。本研究通过对长江口增殖放流的中华鲟标志回捕信息开展研究, 旨在揭示中华鲟降海洄游和分布特征, 为中华鲟资源保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
A comparative study of some hematological features in young reared sturgeons (Acipenser persicus and Huso huso) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The physiological condition in fishes required for their selection as broodfish can be determined by hematological studies. The present study aims at examining the hematological indices in juvenile sturgeons at different stages of growth. The main blood features, such as total albumin content in blood, hemoglobin concentration and the erythrocyte and leukocyte count, were measured in a total of 54 specimens of 1-, 2- and 6-year old sturgeon (Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus and beluga Huso huso), artificially produced at the Shahid Dr. Beheshti Fish Breeding and Rearing Center located in the Gilan Province.In the Persian sturgeon specimens studied, the total albumin concentration in the blood increased from 26.05 to 52.50 g l–1, the hemoglobin concentration increased from 42.2 to 65.8 g l–1, the erythrocyte count increased from 240 to 452.5 thousand cell ml–1 and the leukocyte count increased from 13.43 to 46.48 thousand cells ml–1. The total leukocyte was composed of 73.25 to 82.70% lymphocytes, 12.3 to 20% neutrophils, 2.25 to 6.50% eosinophils and 0.2 to 2.5% monocytes.In the beluga specimens studied, the total albumin concentration in the blood increased from 20.05 to 42.20 g l–1, the hemoglobin concentration increased from 46.3 to 78.6 g l–1, the erythrocyte count increased from 495 to 735 thousand cells ml–1 and the leukocyte count increased from 31.6 to 57.7 thousand cells ml–1. The total leukocyte was composed of 54.5 to 67.5% lymphocytes, 22.63 to 33.86% neutrophils, 6.60 to 13.7% eosinophils and 0.6 to 2.25% monocytes.This research reveals the trends of some hematological features during the growth and development of sturgeons in the South Caspian Sea, reared in artificial conditions. It shows that with the increase in age, the hematological indices also increased. 相似文献
9.
Landon L. Pierce Dane A. Shuman Daniel A. James Kirk D. Steffensen Ryan Wilson Kyle Winders Adam McDaniel 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2019,26(3):295-305
The middle Missouri River (MMR; Fort Randall Dam, SD to Gavins Point Dam, NE‐SD) is stocked with hatchery‐reared pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson), from upper Missouri River broodstock to aid recovery of this federally endangered species. Emigration of these fish through Gavins Point Dam restores genetic connectivity that likely existed pre‐impoundment but could lead to outbreeding depression in the future. Recapture data of hatchery‐reared pallid sturgeon stocked in the MMR were evaluated to improve understanding of pallid sturgeon emigration. From 2004 to 2015, 219 emigrants were caught: 4 stocked at age ≥2 years and 215 stocked at age ≤1 year. Emigration of the 2001‐2007 year classes stocked at age 1 was a consistent phenomenon and appeared higher than emigration of year classes stocked at ages 2–3. Little evidence suggested emigration was associated with an unusually high‐water event in 2011. The annual emigration probability of individuals stocked at age 1 estimated from multi‐state mark–recapture models was 0.05 [95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.06] for fish ages ≥1 year. This study suggests that alterations to stocking practices (e.g. stocking age) may affect emigration rates and, therefore, connectivity among pallid sturgeon populations. 相似文献
10.
- In the past, sturgeons played an important role in commercial and recreational fisheries in the Danube River and its tributaries. Human impacts in the Danube River Basin coupled with exploitation of sturgeon stocks led to all species being either locally extinct, critically endangered or of unknown status.
- Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus, Linnaeus 1758) is the last known sturgeon species occurring in the upper and middle Danube; however, the population of this species is considered unbalanced and decreasing since the beginning of the twenty-first century.
- The decline of sturgeon stocks has been noted before owing to their economic importance. With commercial fisheries being forbidden in the Slovak section of the Danube River, there is generally no information available about the status of what is considered a local population.
- Databases containing recreational catch of sterlet (2003–2018) and historical records of commercial harvest (1961–1990) were used to describe the trend in the weight and number of sterlet caught over the following years.
- Modelling indicated that the number of fish caught each year appears to be lower, while the average weight of each individual is increasing. This might suggest that the population is ageing.
- Although older individuals can contribute a great deal more to spawning because they produce a greater number of eggs, several problems are apparent. The number of spawners might be decreasing as a result of bycatch or fishing, their ability to spawn might be obstructed, or annual recruitment may fail owing to unpredictable events.
- Although restocking programmes are in place to help maintain the sterlet population in the Danube River, their efficiency seems to be drastically low. In fact, restocking could be of little value unless studies on the availability of key habitats are conducted and their protection and restoration are ensured.
11.
中华鲟血清卵黄蛋白原水平的初步观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过碱不稳定性蛋白结合磷法测定不同年龄中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)血清中磷含量,以磷的含量变化反映卵黄蛋白原(VTG)变化情况。实验鱼为人工养殖0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、8、9、10龄中华鲟和野生成熟中华鲟,共81尾,其中8尾野生雌鱼在人工繁殖前后各取样2~4次,共测97个血液样本。结果显示:低龄中华鲟VTG含量较低,最低值在5龄,含磷量为(4.6±1.6)mg/L,5龄后增加,成熟后达到最大,含磷量为(52.0±4.5)mg/L。在性腺不同发育时期,雌性个体在Ⅱ~Ⅴ期VTG的含量增加,Ⅱ~Ⅲ期增加速度较快,随后变缓,Ⅴ期达到最高水平,Ⅵ期降低;而雄性个体在Ⅱ~Ⅳ期VTG的增加量很少,Ⅳ期达到最高水平,含磷量为(28.7±12.2)mg/L。繁殖雌鱼产前VTG含量最高,含磷量为(62.5±8.7)mg/L,产后低于产前。此外,发现产后鲟鱼卵巢液中含量低于其血清中含量,但高于其他年龄组血清中的水平。本实验表明淡水养殖的中华鲟有可能达到性成熟。 相似文献
12.
以国家一级保护物种中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)为研究对象,探讨三峡大坝和葛洲坝水利工程在不同流量调度措施下对中华鲟产卵栖息地的影响。通过考虑中华鲟生境需求特性建立了中华鲟产卵场的物理栖息地模型,根据模型得出的适宜栖息地面积变化来量化不同的流量调度措施对其产卵场质量的影响,然后利用实测的中华鲟产卵量和资源量数据来验证和评价物理栖息地模型的可靠性和实用性,从而进行合理的生态流量决策。结果发现,年平均适宜栖息地面积的变化曲线与中华鲟的产卵量和资源量变化曲线有着相同的变化趋势,从而推断适宜栖息地面积可以反映中华鲟产卵栖息地的质量;并通过不同流量工况的计算,进行最佳生态流量决策。利用该物理栖息地模型可以有效地量化流量改变对目标物种栖息地质量的影响,为中华鲟产卵栖息地的生态水利调度提供评估和决策的方法。 相似文献
13.
L Bigarré M Lesne A Lautraite V Chesneau A Leroux M Jamin P M Boitard A Toffan M Prearo S Labrut P Daniel 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(1):105-118
Iridoviridae are known to cause disease in sturgeons in North America. Here, histological and molecular methods were used to screen for this family of virus in sturgeons from various European farms with low‐to‐high morbidity. Some histological samples revealed basophilic cells in the gill and labial epithelia, strongly suggesting the accumulation of iridovirus particles. Newly developed generic PCR tests targeting the major capsid protein (MCP) gene of sturgeon iridoviruses identified in North America, namely the white sturgeon iridovirus and the Namao virus (NV), produced positive signals in most samples from four sturgeon species: Russian (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and beluga (Huso huso). The sequences of the PCR products were generally highly similar one another, with nucleotide identities greater than 98%. They were also related to (74–88%), although distinct from, American sturgeon iridoviruses. These European viruses were thus considered variants of a single new virus, provisionally named Acipenser iridovirus‐European (AcIV‐E). Moreover, three samples infected with AcIV‐E showed genetic heterogeneity, with the co‐existence of two sequences differing by five nucleotides. One of our European samples carried a virus distinct from AcIV‐E, but closely related to NV identified in Canada (95%). This study demonstrates the presence of two distinct sturgeon iridoviruses in Europe: a new genotype AcIV‐E and an NV‐related virus. 相似文献
14.
Abstract Observed spawning events of endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (Richardson), during 1994–2002 were examined to evaluate the effects of discharge from Libby Dam on spawning. Discharge from Libby Dam was manipulated in most years to provide enhanced flows (hereafter, augmented discharge) for white sturgeon spawning. The annual onset of spawning appeared independent of augmented discharge because initial spawning occurred prior to augmented discharge in 4 of 6 years. Spawning began 2–11 days after the highest river discharge in 4 of 9 years. Linear regression analysis indicated the onset of spawning was positively related to mean daily discharge from the dam but not mean daily temperature, 1‐day change in discharge (Δ discharge) or 3‐day Δ discharge. Logistic regression analysis suggested the probability of a spawning event was influenced by Julian date, mean daily water temperature, mean daily discharge and the 7‐day Δ discharge, but the predictive indices were small. Minor fluctuations in temperature and discharge characteristics had little additional predictive benefit for spawning after the river reached spawning thresholds. The highest probability of spawning (0.48) was for the temperature interval 9.5–9.9 °C, and 93% of the estimated spawning events occurred above 8 °C. Sixty percent of the estimated spawning events occurred at discharges ≥600 m3 s?1, which comprised 45% of the range of discharge values. 相似文献
15.
为了丰富鲟鱼养殖种类,特引进了闪光鲟（Acipenser stellatus）、欧鳇（Huso huso）、西伯利亚鲟（Acipenserbaerii）和杂交鲟（西伯利亚鲟♂×俄罗斯鲟A.gueldenstaeti♀）受精卵,在直径2m的玻璃钢池中进行驯养和流水养殖,水温16-22℃,溶氧5-7mg·L-1。定期测定了上述4种鲟鱼的体长和体质量,应用计算机软件Excel和SPSS对测量的数据进行处理分析。结果表明：孵出的闪光鲟、欧鳇、西伯利亚鲟和杂交鲟鱼苗平均体质量分别为0.01349g、0.02818g、0.02016g,及0.02416g,经过60d驯化养殖,平均体质量分别达到3.80g、11.22g、7.85g,及4.19g;平均体长分别达10.61cm、13.37cm、12.98cm,及9.78cm。全长与日龄之间均呈线性关系,且R2〉0.9,全长日均增长量的大小顺序为：欧鳇〉西伯利亚鲟〉闪光鲟〉杂交鲟;体质量均与日龄呈指数函数关系,且R2〉0.9,体质量日均增长量大小顺序为：欧鳇〉西伯利亚鲟〉杂交鲟〉闪光鲟;体质量与全长的回归曲线中b〈3,均呈异速生长;肥满度分别变动在0.67～0.30、0.86～0.47、0.58～0.35,及0.71～0.44之间,均呈逐渐降低的趋势,且各个时期欧鳇肥满度最高;驯化期结束后30～40日龄生长离散最明显。 相似文献
16.
中华鲟水族馆驯养研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以25尾人工繁殖中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)和1尾捕捞于长江宜昌江段的野生中华鲟为研究材料,对其在水族馆中的驯养方法进行了研究。结果表明,26尾中华鲟已全部开口进食,其中有15尾人工繁殖原进食人工配合饲料的中华鲟开口进食生鲜饲料,且摄食生鲜饲料的品种越来越多;2005年4~8月,25尾人工繁殖中华鲟摄食的饲料数量稳步增加,并呈现出良好的生长态势;野生中华鲟摄食的饲料品种由1种逐渐增加至6种,日摄食量由120 g逐渐增加至2 000 g并逐渐趋于稳定。说明水族馆驯养池的环境适合中华鲟生长。 相似文献
17.
CHEN‐YI TU YU‐HENG TSENG TAI‐SHENG CHIU MAO‐LIN SHEN CHIH‐HAO HSIEH 《Fisheries Oceanography》2012,21(4):255-268
Adult Japanese anchovies (Engraulis japonicus) migrate from the East China Sea to the coastal region of Taiwan to spawn around late winter and early spring and, later, their larvae constitute important fisheries in Taiwan. However, their migration route and its mechanism remain unclear. To investigate their spawning migration, we used a coupled fish behavior–hydrodynamic modeling approach. The physical field is simulated by the Pacific Ocean adaptation of the TaIwan Multi‐scale Community Ocean Model (TIMCOM) and the fish migration by Lagrangian tracer tracking with the aid of approximation of fish swimming behavior. We investigated three fish behavioral scenarios: (i) passive tracking of the current, (ii) swimming along with the current, and (iii) swimming along with the current and then changing to swimming toward the optimal spawning temperature. The comparison with and without Changjiang discharge is used to investigate the impacts of discharge reduction due to the Three Gorges Dam. Our results suggest that spawning migration of Japanese anchovy from the East China Sea to Taiwan may be aided by the China Coastal Current and that adult anchovies cannot reach the spawning site by passive advection alone. Thus, the swimming behavior of anchovies is crucial during the spawning migration, as it provides extra velocity and the orientation to the favorable spawning grounds. In addition, the adult anchovy is unlikely to reach the coastal area of Taiwan without Changjiang discharge. Our findings indicate that a coupled fish behavior–hydrodynamic model can help understand the influences of physical environment on the migration of Japanese anchovies. 相似文献
18.
史氏鲟、达氏鳇的资源现状与研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
史氏鲟（Acipenser schrencki)，达氏鳇（Huso dauricus)属鲟科鱼类，是黑龙江的主要经济鱼类之一。由于近年来过度捕捞，资源遭到一定程度的破坏。本主要通过对黑龙江某江段上的捕捞生产调查统计，评估其现有资源状况，并提出了五个方面的建议。同时介绍了我国目前对鲟鱼研究方面的进展情况。1957年黑龙江水产研究所成功地进行了史氏鲟的人工繁殖试验，以后除了五十年代和七十年代的一些调查工作外，基本上中断了对这条鱼的人工繁殖试验工作。1989年，黑龙江省国营农场总局在勤得利农场建立了第一个史氏鲟放流试验站，当年就进行了人工繁殖和放流工作。四年中，向黑龙江放流鲟鱼苗累计达107万尾。在此期间有关的科研和生产单位利用这一条件开展对鲟鱼的研究，本还介绍了正在进行的“史氏鲟活体取卵手术技术研究”、“鲟幼鱼人工饲料研究”和“人工养殖技术研究”等。 相似文献
19.
20.
采用线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)序列对2015年和2017年长江口中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼样本进行了遗传多样性分析。2015年的682个样本共检测出11个单倍型,2017年的158个样本共检测出8个单倍型。2015年和2017年长江口中华鲟幼鱼的平均单倍型多样性(h)为0. 857±0. 006,核苷酸多样性(π)为0. 010 2±0. 005 5,均低于截流前数据(h=0. 949±0. 010;π=0. 011±0. 006)。分子变异方差分析(AMOVA)显示,中华鲟幼鱼的遗传变异主要来自于群体内,但其年度样本之间出现了中等程度的遗传分化。 相似文献