共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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酶促褐变是香蕉加工中拟解决的关键问题,非硫安全高效抑制剂的筛选是目前的研究热点。美拉德产物（Maillard reaction products,简称MRPs）展示了其良好的抑制酶促褐变的能力,然而美拉德产物分级组分的相关研究尚未见报道。通过透析处理得到大于和小于3 500 u的分级组分,比较其抑制香蕉酶促褐变的相关能力,并对抑制机理进行研究。结果显示：3种MRPs中,MW>3 500 u的MRPs具有较好的还原力,MW<3 500 u的MRPs具有较好的DPPH·清除率、螯合铜离子能力以及抑制多酚氧化酶酶活的能力。MW<3 500 u的MRPs对游离酶抑制常数（KI）和对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数（KIS）分别为0.198 mmol/L和1.508 mmol/L,抑制类型属于混合型抑制。 相似文献
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采后荔枝果皮褐变的研究 总被引：31，自引：2，他引：31
以“淮枝”荔枝果料为材料，研究了荔枝在室温下的果皮褐变及其某些生理化学反应，结果表明：前期果皮褐变主要是由于果皮的迅速失水，导致果皮ｐＨ值的提高，从而引起花色素苷的褪色或变色，使得果皮迅速变褐，适当的保湿包装可延缓这一过程，人为是降低果皮的ＰＨ值可使已褐变的果皮全部或部分地恢复红色。后期褐变主要是由于酚类物质的酶促或非酶促反应形成的黑色物质的累积，人力行降低果皮的ＰＨ值不能使其恢复红色。 相似文献
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茶叶非酶褐变(主要为 Maillard反应)在当今茶叶生产中非常普遍,严重影响着茶叶品质的提高。尤其在炒青绿茶的生产中,非酶褐变对茶叶品质的影响更引人注目。关于炒青绿茶非酶褐变程度与其中氨基酸含量递变关系的研究,至今未见报道。本试验想通过炒青绿茶非酶褐变过程中氨基酸的含量的变化,探讨茶叶非酶褐变的机理,为寻找化学防褐变方法,提高茶叶品质提供理论依 相似文献
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农业上药害的含义,一般是指对作物的药害而言的。这种药害有褐变、黄化、白化、萎缩、卷叶、抑制生育甚至枯死。药害对于组织的各种影响尚不怎么明确,但其作用是各种各样的,如由于蛋白质的合成受阻而黄化;或者由于叶绿素的分解或合成受阻而白化,由于过酸化合物的形成而褐变;由于细胞分裂异常而奇形等等。药害依药的种类、作物、品种、散布时期、方法、环境条件等表现出不同的症状。最常见的是生成药斑多在散布后二、三天出现急性症状,有褐变、黑变、黄变 相似文献
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荔枝褐变损失估计研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
荔枝褐变损失估计是荔枝褐变控制的重要环节,以兰竹荔枝为材料,研究由于果皮褐变导致荔枝的损失;在调查兰竹荔枝褐变情况的基础上,分析果皮褐变对荔枝感官品质和销售价格的影响.结果表明:当褐变等级达到Ⅲ级时会对荔枝的感官品质和销售价格产生显著影响.按照不同褐变等级与损失率之间的关系,采用回归分析,建立的兰竹荔枝果肉风味、可溶性固形物和经济的损失率最佳估测模型分别为:逻辑斯蒂模型FALR=62.279 8/[1+EXP(5.086 8-1.241 0X)]、逻辑斯蒂模型TSSLR=37.120 6/[1+EXP(5.474 0-1.689 7X)]和线性模型ELR=-24.671 0+19.347 0X.采用上述模型对福建省兰竹荔枝常温下贮藏的逐日经济损失进行了量化估计,结果发现,随贮藏时间的延长兰竹荔枝的经济损失逐日加重.本研究为荔枝褐变的控制提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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龙眼气调（M,A）贮藏研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
研究龙眼用不同比例的Ｎ２与空气混合气体包装,在２５℃±１℃下贮藏的效果。结果表明,随着贮藏时间延长,包装内ＣＯ２含量逐渐增加,而且随着充Ｎ２量增加而增加。贮藏后果肉中乙醇含量与包装内ＣＯ２浓度成正相关。龙眼果皮褐变包括因生理活动异常引起的生理褐变,这与ＣＯ２浓度及果肉中乙醇含量成正相关,表现为整个果皮均匀变褐,另一种是因微生物侵染引起的病理性褐变,褐斑主要产生在长霉菌的部位,果肉有自溶现象。 相似文献
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Sopheak K. Sim Sarah M. Ohmann Cindy B. S. Tong 《American Journal of Potato Research》1997,74(1):1-13
Solarium hjertingii, a wild potato species, does not exhibit enzymatic browning nor blackspot. Blackspot and enzymatic browning are physiological disorders that are caused by the reaction of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase with phenolic substrates, resulting in discoloration of tuber cortex. We determined thatS. hjertingii has a low amount of at least one of the polyphenol oxidases in its tubers compared toS. tuberosum. Less than 5 μg ofS. tuberosum polyphenol oxidase protein, as determined from Western blot staining, had measurable enzymatic activity. In contrast,S. hjertingii protein with comparable staining had no detectable activity. 相似文献
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小麦多酚氧化酶研究进展 总被引：28，自引：2，他引：28
综述了小麦多酚氧化酶(PPO)的测定方法、生理功能、酶学特性和基因及其表达。PPO主要位于小麦种(果)皮中,是一类铜结合酶,其活性中心为铜结合区(CuA和CuB),不同植物PPO的铜结合区的氨基酸序列同源性较高。PPO由核基因编码,受多基因控制,有多种同工酶。PPO是导致面制食品的酶促褐变的主要原因,与小麦的抗病性密切相关。 相似文献
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Francesca Taranto Laura Nunzia Delvecchio Giacomo Mangini Loredana Del Faro Antonio Blanco Antonella Pasqualone 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012
Many studies have demonstrated the role of polyphenol oxidase (PPO; E.C. 1.14.18.1) in darkening of wheat products. Even slight browning of pasta is a major hindrance to consumer acceptance. The aim of this research was to evaluate the variability of PPO activity, browning level, and protein content in a collection of more than 100 genotypes of tetraploid wheat, including cultivars and landraces. A molecular approach was followed to evaluate the efficiency of marker PPO18, discovered and used in common wheat, in detecting tetraploid wheat genotypes with low browning level. The data showed a significant genotype influence on the activity of the PPO enzyme, which was correlated with brown index of whole meal and dough, and with protein content. On the whole, the cultivars showed lower PPO activity, brown index, and protein content than landraces, but wide variability was present. Marker PPO18 detected four different alleles for Ppo-A1. The allele Ppo-A1f identified genotypes with high PPO activity and brown index, while the Ppo-A1b and null alleles were associated with the opposite characteristics. Hence, this marker can be used to select new tetraploid wheat cultivars with low browning level. 相似文献
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Paola Ceroli Luz Milagros Garcia Procaccini Graciela Corbino Maria Cristina Monti Marcelo Huarte 《Potato Research》2018,61(3):219-229
Potato cubes of cultivar Innovator were subjected to different food conservation treatments: osmotic dehydration and antioxidants (OD + A), edible coating (E), edible coating with osmotic dehydration and antioxidants (EC + OD + A), immersion in antioxidants (A) and microwave blanching (B). The quality of the products was evaluated by measuring dry matter content, colour, browning index, total phenols and antioxidant capacity and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Treatments with A resulted in a lower a* colour parameter (red to green) but increased total phenols and antioxidant activity. Those treatments with OD and A together resulted in even larger increases in total phenols and antioxidant activity and also reduced PPO to negligible activity. OD increased dry matter content in OD + A treatments. B increased the browning index (BI) and colour parameters a* and ΔE (total change). As a consequence, potato cubes treated with osmotic dehydration and antioxidants had improved quality characteristics and these treatments are appropriate for minimally processed vegetables. 相似文献
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为了筛选出有利于荔枝贮藏的复合保鲜剂,以‘井岗红糯’荔枝果实为试验材料,通过正交试验研究了不同浓度的油菜素内酯（brassinolide, BL）和曲酸（kojic acid, KA）配比对采后荔枝果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,在25 ℃贮藏条件下,对荔枝果实的最佳保鲜配方为：油菜素内酯40 μmol/L、曲酸35 mmol/L,浸泡时间为3 min,该复合保鲜剂配方能较好地抑制荔枝果实褐变和腐烂,降低果皮相对电导率、果皮pH和果皮丙二醛（malonaldehyde, MDA）含量,延缓果肉总可溶性固形物（total soluble solids, TSS）和维生素C（vitamin C, VC）含量的下降,维持较高的果皮色度L *值、a *值、C *值和花色苷含量,抑制了多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase, PPO）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）及漆酶（laccase, Lac）的活性。 相似文献