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土壤盐渍化是蔬菜作物栽培生产中面临的主要非生物胁迫之一。南瓜（Cucurbita spp.）具有较强的盐胁迫耐受能力，
也是黄瓜、西瓜、甜瓜等葫芦科蔬菜嫁接生产的砧木，选育耐盐性较强的南瓜品种有助于提高南瓜和葫芦科嫁接蔬菜的产量
和经济效益。本文主要对南瓜耐盐性评价方法和耐盐种质资源筛选、南瓜耐盐性形成的生理机制、南瓜耐盐性状的遗传及相
关耐盐基因等研究进展进行综述，并对今后的研究方向进行展望，以期为解析南瓜耐盐调控机制和选育耐盐性品种提供理论
参考。 相似文献
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大棚蔬菜的生理障碍,是由棚内土壤水流连续上升,表土聚盐而引起的。目前本市菜区部分大(中)棚聚盐比较严重,已造成育秧困难,甚至整棚不出苗或秧苗成片死亡。为了解蔬菜幼苗的耐盐程度,防治盐害,培育壮苗,我们进行了番茄幼苗耐 相似文献
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砧木对盐处理下‘丰水’梨幼树光合特性的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
用CIRAS-1便携式光合作用测定系统研究不同盐浓度处理下，分别以‘豆梨’、‘杜梨’作砧木的‘丰水’梨幼树叶片光合作用。结果表明：(1)不同砧木对盐处理下的丰水梨叶片光合作用反应有显著影响；(2)在相同条件下杜梨上的丰水较豆梨上的丰水有更高的净光合率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs )、蒸腾速率(Tr)和羧化效率(CE)，而在高浓度盐处理下，前者较后者有较低的细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)。(3)低盐胁迫对梨叶片光合作用的抑制，初期主要表现为气孔性限制，而在高盐处理和低盐处理后期主要表现为非气孔性限制；(4)不同砧木对梨叶片光合作用的影响在高盐处理后期差异不明显。 相似文献
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香根草对盐碱土壤修缮改良作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以香根草为试材,采用人工配置含有一定浓度的NaCl或K2CO3盐碱的土壤为栽培基质,统计分析了香根草的成活率、分蘖率和生物量积累率,与香根草植株体内的盐分含量及栽培土壤中盐碱含量,并进一步测定了所栽培的香根草吸收土壤中盐分的质量和能力及土壤中减少的盐碱质量.结果表明:香根草对土壤中盐碱的吸收能力较强,在其生长发育过程中氯盐的吸收能力大于对碳酸盐的吸收;但对于土壤中的盐碱降解来说,碳酸盐的降解比氯盐容易;同时得出香根草对于盐碱土壤具有一定的修缮改良作用. 相似文献
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在大田试验正常条件下,使用低盐(L,0.1 mol/L)、中盐(M,0.3 mol/L)和高盐(H,0.5 mol/L)3个不同浓度的盐水对葡萄品种"摩尔多瓦"(‘Moldova’)进行灌溉,以清水灌溉设为对照(CK),测量了葡萄品种"摩尔多瓦"3 a生叶片的气体交换特性、叶绿素荧光和相关生理指标(叶片水势)。结果表明:随着盐处理浓度的提高,植物净光合速率逐渐降低,高盐处理尤为明显。气体交换数据表明,净光合速率(Pn)的降低是由于非气孔因素降低造成的。试验表明,葡萄叶片的PSⅡ光化学效率以及羧化效率(CE)均随着盐处理浓度的增加而降低,说明非气孔因素对葡萄光合效率的降低起决定性作用。通过对光响应和CO_2响应以及荧光数据的分析表明,Pn降低的主要影响因素是活化的Rubisco酶含量不足。 相似文献
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Estuarine ecosystem dynamics have evolved around and respond to landscape-level influences that are dynamic in space and time. The estuarine water column is effectively the physical and biologial integrator of these landscape inputs. In this paper, we present a floating window Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) technique to statistically compare and contrast aquatic transect data that were taken at different times and under different tidal conditions, yet were geographically parallel and spatially articulate. The floating window ANCOVA compared two transects by testing whether the means of the dependent variable were significantly different while also testing whether the slopes of patterns in the dependent variable were significantly different. By varying the size of the floating window where the ANCOVA was run, we were able to examine how scale affected the magnitude and spatial pattern of that variable. The percentages of total models run, at a given window size, that generated significantly different magnitudes (means) and patterns (slopes) in the dependent variable were referred to as the degree of dissimilarity. Plots of window size versus degree of dissimilarity elucidated temporal and spatial variability in water column parameters at a range of scales. The advantages of this new statistical method in relation to traditional spatial statistics are discussed.We demonstrated the efficacy of the floating window ANCOVA method by comparing chlorophyll and salinity transect data taken at the North Inlet, SC estuary during flooding and ebbing tides in Winter, Spring, and Summer 1991. Chlorophyll concentrations represented the biological characteristics of the estuarine water column and salinity represented the physical processes affecting that water column. We found total dissimilarity in the magnitude of salinity data from one season to the next at all scales, but inter-seasonal similarity in spatial patterns over both short (hourly) and long (monthly) time scales. We also found a large seasonal dissimilarity in the magnitude of chlorophyll levels, as expected. Spatial patterns in phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll concentrations) appeared to be largely controlled by the physical processes represented with the salinity data. Often, we observed greater dissimilarity in biological and physical parameters from one tide to the next [on a given day] than from one season to the next. In these cases, the greatest flood-ebb differences were associated with landscape-level influences - from rivers and the coastal ocean - that varied greatly with direction of tidal flow. We are currently using spatially articulate aquatic transect data and the floating window ANCOVA technique to validate spatial simulation models at different scales. By using this variable-scale statistical technique to determine coherence between the actual transect data and model output from simulations run at different scales, we will test hypotheses about the scale-dependent relationships between data resolution and model predictability in landscape analysis. 相似文献
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H. Daghaghian B. Bahreininejad 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(4):389-396
Alleviating salinity stress by modifying the physiology of the medicinal plant globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was investigated in a field experiment using salicylic acid (SA). The objectives were to determine: (1) the physiological response of artichoke under salinity stress, and (2) whether SA can alleviate the adverse effects of salinity by affecting artichoke physiology. The factorial combination of salty water (control, 8 dS/m, and 14 dS/m) and foliar application of SA (control, 0.1, 1 mM) was tested. A 1500-L tank was used in the field to establish the favorable salinity levels. Salinity increased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll; however, at the medium level of SA, chlorophyll a decreased. Increasing salinity and SA decreased total phenolic contents. Increased salinity increased plant proline and ionic leakage. Interestingly, SA significantly decreased ionic leakage, compared with the control. SA increased proline production at different levels of salinity. SA at 0.1 mM was the most suitable and effective treatment under salinity stress. It is possible to alleviate the stress of salinity on artichoke growth by modifying plant physiology using the appropriate concentration of SA. 相似文献
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土壤次生盐渍化是我国保护地栽培生产中的一个重要限制因子。应用Arc／info软件对冀东山麓平原保护地土壤含盐量化验数据进行空间插值,分析保护地土壤次生盐渍化的时空变异特征;论述保护地土壤次生盐渍化的成因,证明土壤环境封闭、大量盲目施肥、不合理灌溉是导致保护地土壤次生盐渍化的主要原因。指出通过测土配方施肥、增施有机肥、合理灌溉和换客土等措施,实施保护地水肥资源综合管理,调节土壤生态环境是防止保护地土壤次生盐渍化的有效途径。 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity and water table on the mineral content of plum and peach were studied in lysimeters.Chloride content (Cl) in the leaves and the roots of plum and in the leaves of peach increased with salinity, whereas Cl in peach roots was not affected. Leaves of peach contained higher amounts of Cl than the leaves of plum. The opposite trend was observed in the roots.Sodium content (Na) increased with salinity in plum, whereas in peach it was not affected.The effect of salinity on calcium content (Ca) was not consistent in plum and peach.Potassium content (K) in the leaves of plum and peach decreased with salinity, whereas in the roots it was not affected.The Ca/K ratio in plum leaves increased with salinity, whereas in peaches it decreased in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment.Leaf phosphorus content (P) in the plum and the ‘Balady’ peach decreased with salinity, while in ‘Mit Ghamre’ peach it was not consistently affected. In plum root, P increased with salinity, whereas the effect was the opposite in peach.Magnesium content (Mg) was not significantly affected.The depth of the water table had no consistent effect on the Cl, Na, Ca, K, Ca/K ratio, P and Mg contents in the leaves and roots of plum or peach.The interaction between salinity treatments and water table levels was not significant in most cases. 相似文献
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小白菜耐盐性的遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以8个具有不同耐盐水平的小白菜自交系为试验材料,按完全双列杂交Ⅱ正交全轮配法配制杂交组合,采用Hayman法对小白菜耐盐性基因效应进行了初步分析。结果表明,小白菜耐盐性遗传符合加性-显性遗传模型;耐盐性主要表现为显性,盐敏感性为隐性;遗传效应中存在加性效应和显性效应,以显性效应为主,可能存在超显性,控制耐盐性表现显性的基因组数较少。 相似文献