共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
新疆野苹果叶形性状变异及其与SSR标记关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以从新疆天山地区新疆野苹果600个无性系中筛选得到的18个优系为研究对象,调查其叶形性状变异,并进行了SSR分子标记分析,探究叶形性状与SSR标记间的相关关系。结果表明,调查的15个叶形性状在无性系间均存在极显著差异;平均变异系数最大的为叶尖角α(达到25.39%),叶形指数L1/L3最小(仅为10.31%);叶片长的重复力最大(达到0.967),叶形指数L1/L3最小(仅为0.495)。以15个叶片性状为依据,可将各无性系完全区分开,并分为3类,各无性系间的遗传距离变化在1.293~7.235间。用均匀分布在17个染色体连锁群上的30对多态性SSR引物对18个无性系进行聚类分析,可将各无性系完全区分开,并可分为4类,各无性系间的遗传距离为0.089~0.689,平均遗传距离为0.433。所有叶形性状聚类结果与所有SSR标记聚类结果不相关。以单一叶形性状聚类结果与经过筛选的部分SSR标记聚类结果进行相关分析,绝大部分达到极显著相关,且大部分引物组合表现为累积效应,表明叶形性状与部分SSR位点具有紧密关联。 相似文献
2.
以2年生白花桔梗和紫花桔梗为试验材料,测定二者主要性状的遗传参数,研究桔梗各性状间的相互关系。结果表明:2年生紫花桔梗在开花期和结果期的根重、分枝数、开花数3个性状变异系数较大,均在25%以上;且根重、主根粗均与开花数呈极显著正相关。2年生白花桔梗在开花期和结果期根重、分枝数、主根长、开花数变异系数较大,均在25%以上,且根重与茎粗、分枝数均呈极显著正相关。因此,紫花桔梗育种可通过开花数间接选择根重,也可以通过根重直接进行高产类型的选育;白花桔梗育种可通过分枝数间接选择药材丰产性状根重。 相似文献
3.
《中国果树》2014,(1)
对山地橄榄园连续4年种植牧草羽叶决明。结果表明,橄榄园生草促进了土壤理化性状的改善,不同土层土壤容重均有不同程度的下降,010、1010、1020 cm土层土壤容重显著低于对照,分别下降了0.33、0.21 g/cm3;不同土层土壤孔隙度均较对照有所提高,020 cm土层土壤容重显著低于对照,分别下降了0.33、0.21 g/cm3;不同土层土壤孔隙度均较对照有所提高,010、1010、1020 cm土层土壤孔隙度显著高于对照,分别提高18.2%、14.0%;1020 cm土层土壤孔隙度显著高于对照,分别提高18.2%、14.0%;1020 cm土层土壤含水量显著下降,3020 cm土层土壤含水量显著下降,3040 cm土层土壤含水量显著提高;040 cm土层土壤含水量显著提高;020 cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均显著高于对照,其中以速效钾含量增幅最大,增幅达210.2%;土壤pH值与对照差异不显著,仅降低8.2%;2009—2012年橄榄667 m2产量显著提高了8.0%20 cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均显著高于对照,其中以速效钾含量增幅最大,增幅达210.2%;土壤pH值与对照差异不显著,仅降低8.2%;2009—2012年橄榄667 m2产量显著提高了8.0%11.1%。 相似文献
4.
《现代园艺》2021,(1)
以10个2年生桉树无性系试验林为研究对象,对树高、胸径、基本密度、管胞长度和微纤丝角5个性状进行了方差分析、遗传参数的估算和性状间的相关分析,并且利用综合选择指数法开展了桉树纸浆材优良无性系的选择,为广西、海南等华南片区筛选出一批生长和材质兼优的纸浆专用材无性系。结果表明:桉树无性系间的5个性状存在极显著的差异,并且这5个性状具有较高的重复力(0.591～0.877),受较强的遗传控制。相关分析结果表明:生长性状与材性性状间存在着不同程度的负相关,其中胸径与材性性状间的负相关主要受遗传机制控制。利用这5个性状建立无约束指数方程I=1.021·H+0.2912·H+6.5581·BD+0.0010·TL-0.1353·MFH,指数准确度达到0.9477,并且利用该方程对桉树纸浆材优良无性系进行选择,选育出生长性状和材性性状兼优的JG-36和JG-31 2个品系。 相似文献
5.
6.
以中国10个省份(群体)的164份板栗种质为材料(种植在立地条件相同的同一地块,连续3年采用相同的修剪技术和标准修剪),对母枝结果枝数、雄花枝数、纤弱枝数、结果枝长度、果前梢长度、结果枝节间长度、结果枝粗度、结果枝节位数和结果枝结苞数等9个表型性状量化赋值后进行系统分组设计、方差分析和聚类分析。结果显示:结果母枝的9个表型性状值在群体间和群体内差异均达极显著水平,说明这些性状在群体间和群体内均存在丰富变异;9个表型性状平均变异系数为19.4%～64.0%,其中母枝上雄花枝数、纤弱枝数和果枝结苞数的变异系数 40%,说明这3个性状改良潜力较大;9个表型性状在群体间表型分化系数为65.9%,群体内为34.1%,说明这些表型性状的变异主要来源于群体间;通过系统聚类,依据表型差异可将10个群体划分为4大类群,基本按地理距离而聚类。 相似文献
7.
加工番茄早熟性状的相关性分析及QTL定位 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用加工番茄TD-13和TD-41杂交的185个F2群体,分析与早熟性相关的各生育期性状,并对相关性状进行QTL分析。结果表明:成熟期与始花期、始花节位、结果期、开花至成熟天数呈极显著正相关,与早期结果数,平均单果重相关性不显著。利用复合区间作图法检测到与加工番茄早熟性状相关的12个QTLs。控制始花期和始花节位的QTLs分别检测到3个,控制成熟期和平均单果重的QTLs分别检测到2个,控制开花至成熟天数和早期结果数的QTL分别检测到1个。 相似文献
8.
研究不同遮阳率对大花蕙兰‘开心果’开花性状及叶片的影响。结果表明：遮阳率为80%时开花率最高,花箭最多、最长、最粗,小花数最多,平均分别为5.56枝/盆、31.62cm、5.88mm、23.56朵/枝;遮阳率为60%时也可成花,但花箭数比遮阳率为80%时显著减少;遮阳率为94%时开花率最低,花箭数和小花数最少,花箭最短。3个处理间叶绿素含量差异显著,其中遮阳率为94%时最高,遮阳率为60%时最低。遮阳率为60%时叶尖焦枯严重,影响观赏价值。 相似文献
9.
研究了不同质量分数ZnSO4水溶液浸种对银荆幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:不同处理间的幼苗全重、根系数量呈显著差异,2 g/100g质量分数的ZnSO4水溶液浸种效果最好,幼苗全重、根系数量分别为12.28 g、8.3条,比对照分别提高31.43%、76.60%.不同处理间幼苗侧根重、苗高、地径、复叶数呈极显著差异,2 g/100g质量分数的ZnSO4水溶液浸种效果最好,侧根重、苗高、地径、复叶数分别为8.21 g/100g、28.34 cm、2.79 mm、7.5片,比对照分别提高341.40%、14.07%、151.35%、212.50%. 相似文献
10.
研究基于硬叶兜兰（Paphiopedilum micranthum）表型变异，通过相关性、主成分以及聚类等分析，对9个硬叶兜兰野生居群的22个表型性状指标进行了调查研究，探究硬叶兜兰居群间及居群内表型多样性，为硬叶兜兰资源的进一步保护和利用奠定基础。结果表明：硬叶兜兰在居群间具有丰富的表型多样性，居群内变异较少。平均表型分化系数（Vst）为64%，居群间表型分化高于居群内表型分化。22个性状的平均变异系数（CV）范围为9.52% ~ 31.48%，9个居群平均变异系数为14.55% ~ 18.51%，在表型间差异显著，在居群间差异不显著。主成分分析表明，花纵径等花部性状和株高等营养性状是硬叶兜兰变异的主要因素。Pearson相关性分析表明，株高、中萼片长和花瓣长与大部分性状都呈现显著正相关；冠幅、叶片数等营养性状与海拔存在显著正相关性，而花横径、花纵径等生殖性状与海拔存在显著或极显著负相关性。聚类分析结果表明，9个居群可以聚类为3个类群，和硬叶兜兰地理分布距离一致。 相似文献
11.
为了探究双主干并棒（Bibaum?）树形‘富士’系苹果在中国渭北黄土高原地区的生长和结果表现,以 M9-T337 矮化自根砧长枝型‘富士’系‘富姬酷’（‘Fujiko’）为试材,调查了并棒形（1.2 m × 3.5 m）与高纺锤形（1.0 m × 3.5 m）幼树树体生长、枝（梢）类组成、成花率、果实品质和产量等指标。结果表明：并棒形树高、干径小于高纺锤形,砧木粗度大于高纺锤形,2016 年东西方向冠幅（行间冠幅）及平均冠幅小于高纺锤形;单株枝量及单位面积枝量 2016 年高纺锤形较高,2017 年无差异;并棒形2016—2017 年间树高、干径、砧木粗度以及单位面积枝量的年增长速率大于高纺锤形;并棒形 2016 年中枝（5 ~ 15 cm）比例、果台副梢长枝比例高于高纺锤形,2017 年营养长枝（> 30 cm）比例低于高纺锤形,同时并棒形 2018 年枝梢成花率高于高纺锤形;两种树形果实品质及单位面积产量无差异,并棒形单株果实数量、2017 年单株产量以及 2016—2017 年单位面积产量在增长速率大于高纺锤形。综合认为,矮化自根砧‘富士’系幼树采用并棒树形,可以显著削弱树体高度,减小行间冠幅,树体生长及枝量增长速度快,长枝比例低,易成花,果实产量上升潜力大。 相似文献
12.
A. Valera-Gil L. Garcia-Torres 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):883-890
Field studies were conducted in Andalusia (Southern Spain) in 1984-1988 in olive orchards to observe the growth of suckers, their control with glyphosate plus MCPA and influences on olive yield. Emergence of the suckers starts with the vegetative activity of the tree, ends with full flowering, and does not occur in later stages of development. The number, height and biomass of suckers varies considerably with site, year, tree age and cultivar. These indexes were 32,103 cm and 846 g of dry matter per olive tree averaged over location, respectively. Control of olive suckers with glyphosate + MCPA requires less herbicide in the early growth stages than later. Control of 90% of 10-20 cm and 40- 60 cm suckers was achieved with glyphosate + MCPA at dose equal to or higher than 0.7 + 0.7 and 1 + 1 kg ha-1, respectively. Generally, double applications of glyphosate + MCPA at 1 + 1 kg ha-1 effectively controlled the suckers and enhanced olive growth. Vegetative growth of the newly formed shoots and olive yield was 11.5% and 8.5% higher, respectively, in trees treated with the herbicides than when suckers were removed using knives on one occasion in September. 相似文献
13.
C. Reig D. GonzÁlez-Rossia M. Juan 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):1079-1085
SummaryThis study aims to quantify the effects of fruit crop-load on flowering and to determine the relationships between flowering and phloem sap carbohydrate and nitrogen content fractions from budding to dormancy in ‘Zincal 5’ nectarine. Fruit load significantly reduced the number of flowers per tree both indirectly, by reducing the number of shoots per tree and the number of nodes per shoot, and directly, by reducing the number of floral buds per node. The intensity of the response depended on the number of fruits developed per tree. Trees that kept all fruits up to senescence flowered 35% less than trees thinned by hand to 40% of fruits at pit hardening, and 55% less than trees completely thinned in bloom by hand. Trees that kept all fruits had significantly lower glucose and sorbitol contents in the phloem sap of mixed branches up to harvest date and full vegetative growth, respectively, but no significant relationships were found between the concentrations of these carbohydrates and flowering intensity in the following Spring. Sucrose and fructose did not show any significant difference in regard to crop-load. In fibrous roots, starch content was not related to fruit load up to dormancy, indicating that starch content is not associated with flower bud induction and differentiation. The nitrate-nitrogen fraction was significantly higher, and the ammonium-nitrogen fraction was significantly lower, in trees that tended to flower less, suggesting some disturbance in nitrate reduction in these trees. 相似文献
14.
Mango flowering appears to be determined by a temperature-regulated florigenic promoter (FP) synthesized in leaves and translocated to buds in phloem. The number of leaves required for flowering was investigated in ‘Keitt’ and ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango trees exposed to tropical conditions in Colombia. Data were compared with a previous study conducted under cool, floral-inductive conditions in Florida (Davenport et al., 2006). Leaf-number treatments consisted of 0, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, or 4 leaves on each of 20–40 stems per branch. The long distance translocation experiment consisted of a terminal donor stem and five defoliated receiver stems on each treatment branch. Treatments were 0, 1, 3, or 5 leaves on the donor stem. Every treatment branch in both experiments was girdled to isolate it from the rest of the tree, and developing panicles were removed to stimulate lateral shoot initiation at a time when conditions were right for floral induction in those buds. Treatment stems bearing no leaves produced only vegetative shoots in both cultivars in both experiments. The minimum number of leaves per stem (1/8 of a leaf and 1/4 of a leaf) was sufficient to induce 6% and 1% reproductive shoots with 94% and 99% vegetative shoots in Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Keitt’ stems, respectively. Branches bearing 4 leaves per stem in ‘Tommy Atkins’ trees produced the maximum mean flowering response with 45% reproductive shoots and 55% vegetative shoots. The maximum ‘Keitt’ response was 22% reproductive and 78% vegetative shoots with 4 leaves per stem. The donor stem of the 1-leaf treatment and the donor and first receiver stem of the 3-leaf treatment in the translocation experiment were induced to flower in ‘Tommy Atkins’ trees. The more distal receiver stems from the donor were vegetative. The 5-leaf donor treatment-induced reproductive shoots as far as the third leafless receiver stem located 52 cm from the donor. Proportions of flowering shoots decreased with distance from the donor, and the level of the FP was apparently insufficient to reach the fourth and fifth receivers since their shoot responses were vegetative. Only vegetative shoot responses were obtained in the translocation experiment conducted in ‘Keitt’ trees. The leaf number and translocation experiment results support the hypothesis that far less FP is synthesized in both ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Keitt’ leaves during warm, tropical conditions than is synthesized in ‘Keitt’ leaves exposed to cool, subtropical conditions. 相似文献
15.
试验比较了盛果期灰枣树对不同修剪方法的反应。结果表明,枣树连年修剪,根的数量、冠幅、干周均大于(牙刂)枣处理树。萌发枣头的数量、质量和抽生有效枣拐的数量等也表现出相似的结果。修剪树有效枣股数多于(牙刂)枣树,差异显著;百果鲜重较(牙刂)枣处理多40.1g,单株产量提高15.3%。叶片总糖和全氮测定结果:修剪处理在6月下旬含量较高,此时正值枣吊、枣头生长,花芽分化,开花和幼果发育的关键时期,这对树体的生长发育和产量提高都起到良好的作用;其次,修剪与环切结合的效果优于修剪+(牙刂)枣,但次于修剪处理。 相似文献
16.
以基砧为八棱海棠,中间砧为SH40、冀砧1号和冀砧2号的“信浓红”苹果树为试材,研究了“信浓红”嫁接在3种矮化中间砧上的生长结果表现。结果表明,3种砧穗组合的树高、行间枝展均无显著差异,SH40中间砧干径增长较慢;冀砧2号中心干主枝数增长较快,3种砧穗组合的枝类组成无显著差异;短枝比例均在50.0%～55.0%之间,中枝比例在8.0%～10.0%之间,长枝比例在35.0%～40.0%之间。SH40和冀砧2号短枝比例最高,为54.0%;冀砧1号中枝比例最高为10.0%;半成品苗栽植第5年单株产量达11.45 kg,显著高于SH40和冀砧1号。3个砧穗组合单果质量、硬度无显著差异,冀砧1号可溶性固形物和苹果酸含量最低。综合分析认为,以SH40、冀砧1号和冀砧2号为中间砧时,“信浓红”树体生长结果表现均较好。以冀砧2号做中间砧,初期产量高,结果表现更优。 相似文献
17.
枣、酸枣授粉生物学基础研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
采用离体培养技术对27个枣品种和酸枣的枣吊花蕾量、单花花粉量、花药开裂时间、花粉发芽率以及枣和酸枣单花不同开放阶段的花粉生活力和花粉贮藏特性进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)不同枣品种和酸枣的枣吊花蕾量、单花花粉量、花粉发芽率存在极大差异,利用数量性状的概率分级体系可将它们分别分为3级;(2)枣和酸枣的花药开裂时间在蕾黄或蕾裂期;(3)从蕾裂到瓣平期的花粉发芽率极显著的高于蕾黄期、雄蕊展平期和雄蕊下垂期;(4)花粉贮藏后发芽率表现为下降—上升—下降的大体趋势。对杂交育种中父母本的选择、花粉采集和去雄的适宜时期也进行了讨论。 相似文献
18.
The effect of the duration of high temperature interruption and the timing of its occurrence during inductive period on the extent of inhibition of inflorescence production in ‘Arbequina’ olive trees was investigated. Trees kept under inductive conditions in different growth chambers were subjected to high daytime temperature (26 ± 1 °C) interruptions for 3, 6, and 12 days. There was no significant difference in the extent of flowering between trees given an uninterrupted induction period and the trees where inductive period was interrupted with high daytime temperatures for three days. Inflorescence production was significantly reduced by both 6 and 12 days high temperature interruptions. Number of flowers per inflorescence was significantly reduced only with 12 days high temperature interruption. Since there was no significant difference between the extent of inhibition of inflorescence by 6 and 12 days high temperature interruption, therefore, 6 days high temperature interruption was used in subsequent experiments to study the effect of timing of interruption. A six day interruption of high temperature produced significant reduction (more than 83%) in inflorescence production irrespective of the time of interruption (i.e., 40 or 50 days after the start of induction) or number of interruptions. None of these treatments had any significant effect on the number of flowers per inflorescence. Higher levels of free arginine were found in trees that had greatest number of inflorescences produced under inductive conditions without any high temperature interruption. 相似文献
19.
以早熟温州蜜柑为试材,连续4a(2008～2011)调查早熟温州蜜柑的开花结果习性,对其开花坐果动态影响因素进行研究。结果表明:各类结果母枝的开花量和坐果率有明显差异,早秋梢结果母枝、夏梢结果母枝和晚秋梢结果母枝的效果之间,有叶花的坐果率与有叶花的坐果量之间存在显著差异水平,而晚秋梢结果母枝与春梢结果母枝的效果之间不存在显著差异水平;1a有4次落花落果高峰期:第1次发生在5月13～27日;第2次发生在6月9～16日;第3次发生在8月11～18日;第4次发生在10月6～13日;在结果母梢上不同营养梢比例直接影响坐果率,营养梢的比例越小,其坐果率越高;栽植密度大或蛆花率大的果园,坐果率都较低;不同结果母枝长度能够影响坐果率;有叶花枝的叶片数量影响坐果率,4片叶的坐果率最高;留梢的位置在母枝的顶端和控制营养梢的数量越大,其效果越明显;建议生产上提高树体有叶花的比例和调节营养梢的发生量,从而缓解梢果矛盾和提高坐果率。 相似文献