共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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以含有抗黄矮病基因的3个材料作母本、4个丰产性品种作父本,根据3×4不完全双列杂交的F1代,分析黄矮病抗性的配合力和遗传力;从双列杂交试验中选择产量、抗性均符合育种目标要求的2个组合,分析F2～F4代的抗性分离、遗传变异及遗传力,为制定高效的小麦抗黄矮病育种技术路线提供依据.结果表明:①抗黄矮病性状遗传主要由基因效应决定,受加性、非加性基因共同作用,以加性基因效应占绝对优势,与非加性效应之比为38.2 :1;②BYDV抗性遗传取决于感病亲本对黄矮病毒的敏感性,同一世代不同遗传背景下的群体分离及变异具有较大差异,而同一遗传背景下各世代平均抗性差异较小;抗性变异随世代的增加减幅较大,抗病基因纯合较快;③抗病性遗传力较高,其狭义遗传力介于75%～90%之间,遗传决定度达90%以上,在抗病育种工作中可对抗病性进行早代鉴定和选择. 相似文献
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玉米粗缩病抗性遗传研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文选用3个抗病自交系(齐319、X178、沈137)和3个感病自交系(掖107、掖478、沈5003)按照NCII交配设计配制9套杂交组合研究了玉米抗粗缩病遗传规律。2009-2010年在曲阳、保定采用田间自然发病方法鉴定亲本、F1、F2群体的玉米粗缩病抗性,并采用灰飞虱人工接种方法鉴定亲本材料的抗病性。运用QGA station 软件的加性-显性-上位性(ADAA)遗传模型进行数据分析,结果表明,显性效应和加性效应是控制玉米粗缩病抗性的主要遗传组分,分别占表型变异的44.8%和13.1%,杂合显性效应表现负向杂种优势,抗病育种可加以利用。加性×加性上位性效应在玉米自交系和杂交组合抗粗缩病遗传中普遍存在,但因材料不同而表现负向或正向效应。玉米粗缩病抗性易受环境影响,显性与环境互作效应方差占表型方差的比率为39.8%,达到极显著水平。因此,培育抗粗缩病玉米品种应依据基因型选配适当的亲本材料,抗病品种宜进行多年多点鉴定筛选。 相似文献
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1978-1981年用12个品种(系)、共30个组合,其中包括国际公认的抗性品种IR26、IR36,观察这些代表品种杂交后代对白叶枯病抗性的遗传力和配合力。结果指出:(1)抗性的广义遗传力较高,相对遗传进度进展较快,表明抗性可早代选择;(2)抗性的一般配合力方差达极显著水准,且GCA:SCA的比值较高,显示加性基因占优势;(3)亲本一般配合力效应方向明显。抗性亲本为负值,感病亲本为正值;(4)特殊配合力效应有正有负,方向性不明显;(5)抗性亲本一般配合力方差较大,特殊配合力方差较小,证明抗性亲本品种有较稳定的遗传效应。以上结果对抗病育种正确选配亲本将有一定意义。 相似文献
4.
杂交水稻叶瘟抗性杂种优势的遗传分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文用水稻7个不育系、7个恢复系及其按NCⅡ设计配制的49个杂交组合,在4个指标上研究了杂交水稻叶瘟抗性的杂种优势和遗传。结果表明:杂交水稻的叶瘟抗性不仅具有较强的杂种优势,而且在组合间变异很大;叶瘟抗性遗传力高,其受加性和非加性遗传共同控制,但加性遗传明显较为重要,源于恢复系的加性效应明显相对重要于不育系的加性效应;亲本叶瘟抗性与其一般配合力效应呈显著或极显著正相关;缙恢1号具有较好的一般配合力效应和较大的特殊配合力方差,可作为优良抗病亲本加以利用,K42A、K40A、多恢1号、成恢149具有较好的一般配合力效应和较小的特殊配合力方差,在抗稻瘟育种中具有较大利用价值。讨论认为:在抗叶瘟育种中,对亲本的抗性评鉴和选育抗病亲本尤其是恢复系至关重要,但不能以此忽略对杂交组合的抗性评鉴。 相似文献
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弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病抗性评价与分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病田间发病规律及遗传特性,筛选抗霜霉病黄瓜品种,以15份黄瓜自交系为试材,在弱光条件下通过子叶接菌诱导寄主植株发病,同时结合田间发病率及病情指数调查进行复合抗性鉴定,进而筛选抗病组合,并对其分离世代进行抗性鉴定与遗传特征分析。结果表明,供试15份材料中共筛选出4个典型品系HB1、HB2、HB3和HB4,其病情指数分别是14.17、28.71、63.33和78.33,分别属于高抗、抗病、感病和高感病类型。这4个亲本的F1代及分离世代群体中霜霉病抗性与亲本抗性均存在正相关关系,抗性亲本的后代表现出较强的抗性;F2代群体病株分离现象比较明显,呈偏态分布,有明显的主基因+多基因存在特征,表明弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病受主基因+多基因控制,主基因效应值较大。经田间抗病性鉴定分析,初步筛选出组合HB12、HB13和HB21为抗霜霉病组合,可用于后续抗病品种的选育。 相似文献
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本研究测试了八个水稻白叶枯病抗性基因Xa3、Xa4、xa5、Xa7、Xa10、Xa11、Xa14和Xa23在相应载体品种上对华南白叶枯病优势致病菌系Ⅳ型菌和强毒菌系Ⅴ型菌的抗性反应;分析了Xa4、xa5、Xa7和Xa23抗病基因与不同感病品种杂交组合F_1的抗性表达模式以及显性抗病基因Xa7和Xa23在杂交水稻上的利用价值。结果表明:大部分抗性基因在不同载体品种上抗性表达一致,但也有少数基因在不同载体品种上抗性表现不一,甚至截然相反,说明不同遗传背景对抗性表达有影响,而这种影响因不同抗性基因而异。隐性抗病基因xa5(IRBB5)和显性抗病基因Xa23(CBB23)与感病亲本组合的F_1代分别表现感病和抗病,符合隐性基因或显性基因的抗性表达模式;而2个显性抗病基因Xa4(IRBB4))和Xa7(IRBB7)与感病亲本组合的F_1代,有部分组合的F_1代表现抗病,符合显性基因的抗性表达模式,有部分组合的F_1代表现感病,不符合显性基因的抗性表达模式。在杂交水稻上的利用价值方面,Xa7与2个不育系组合的F_1代均表现高感,不宜在杂交水稻上利用;Xa23(CBB23)与4个感病亲本,无论是不育系还是常规稻组合的4个F_1代全部表现抗病,抗性在F_1充分表达,在杂交水稻上有重要的利用价值。 相似文献
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蚕豆赤斑病抗性的主基因+多基因遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赤斑病是世界蚕豆产区的主要病害,严重威胁蚕豆安全生产。为明确蚕豆赤斑病的抗性遗传规律,本研究用赤斑病抗性较好的蚕豆品种‘通蚕鲜8号’、‘启豆2号’分别与高感赤斑病蚕豆品种‘成胡10号’、‘成胡14号’配制杂交组合,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法对2个组合6世代(P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2、BCP_1、BCP_2)的赤斑病抗性进行了遗传分析。结果表明,蚕豆对赤斑病的抗性最适合遗传模型为E-0(两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因)。两对赤斑病抗性的主基因加性效应值在2个组合中分别为-40.43、2.16和-36.31、-3.86,显性效应值分别为-15.22、-15.72和-5.98、-6.48。2个组合的主基因遗传率在BCP_1、BCP_2、F_2中分别是19.05%、51.99%、70.90%和19.29%、52.13%、77.35%,多基因遗传率分别为0、0、19.9%和0、0、21.06%。本试验条件下,蚕豆品种‘通蚕鲜8号’、‘启豆2号’对赤斑病抗性由2个主效基因控制,同时受多基因修饰作用,环境对其抗性影响较小。感病亲本对后代抗病性的负向影响较大,在育种实践中需适当提高感病亲本的抗病性,以提高后代的抗性水平。 相似文献
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快速、准确、有效的抗病性鉴定方法是抗病育种的基础和保障.目前,国内外鉴定油菜菌核病的抗(耐)病性的方法归纳起来主要有草酸鉴定法、人工气候室盆栽苗接种鉴定、大田成株期人工辅助接种鉴定和大田病圃或非病圃自然侵染鉴定法等.草酸鉴定法对鉴定材料的破坏性大,育种中应用仅供筛选抗草酸的单株或材料,且不能鉴定抗菌核病菌侵入的材料.人工气候室盆栽苗接种鉴定受空间或成本的限制,难以用于大量的筛选工作,大田成株期人工辅助接种鉴定和大田自然侵染鉴定既受季节的限制,也受环境因素的影响.因此,探寻更高效、准确的抗(耐)病性鉴定方法,仍是抗病育种的迫切需要.本文介绍了一种准确、快速、高效的鉴定新方法. 相似文献
10.
为明确小麦体细胞无性系4-8(WS4-8)抗条锈病的遗传稳定性及抗性遗传特点,采用基因推导、抗性鉴定、遗传分析等方法对其进行了抗条锈性的鉴定和等位性分析。结果表明,WS4-8所携带的抗性基因与已知抗性基因不同;WS4-8的条锈病抗性表现优异,遗传稳定;用CY33小种对WS4-8和铭贤169的正交、反交组合F1和F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,F2群体符合3R∶1S单基因控制的抗性遗传规律,WS4-8对CY33的抗性由1对显性核基因控制;用CY33对WS4-8分别与Yr5/6×Avocet S、Yr10/6×Avocet S、Yr15/6×Avocet S及92R137(Yr26)组配的杂交组合F1及F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,而F2中有感病植株,说明WS4-8所携带的抗条锈病基因与Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr26不等位。研究表明,WS4-8的抗条锈性是由1对显性核基因控制,与已知抗性基因不同,可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因。 相似文献
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Cecilia B PASCUAL Avelino D RAYMUNDO Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):23-29
Sorghum line CS 621 was evaluated along with other lines and cultivars for resistance to Rhizoctonia sheath blight, tar spot and gray leaf spot for 3 years. CS 621 was consistently resistant to these diseases even under a
heavy natural outbreak of tar spot in the breeding nursery. It was also found to be more resistant to Rhizoctonia sheath blight than the resistant lines from Japan during the 1993 to 1994 screening tests. Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA was expressed in the form of reduction in the severity of disease and rate of infection. Evaluation of progenies from
crosses involving CS 621 and a susceptible variety, UPL Sg5, indicated that additive and dominant gene effects are important
in the expression of quantitative resistance to R. solani. CS 621 could therefore serve as a source of multiple resistance genes in a breeding program for high yield and stability
against sorghum diseases.
Received 6 August 1999/ Accepted in revised form 18 October 1999 相似文献
12.
R. V. da Costa L. Zambolim L. V. Cota D. D. da Silva J. A. S. Rodrigues F. D. Tardin C. R. Casela 《Plant pathology》2011,60(6):1162-1168
A study was carried out to investigate the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, in sorghum. Crosses between resistant and susceptible parents and backcrosses between F1 plants and the susceptible parents were carried out under field conditions. The F1 generations and the segregant populations were evaluated under artificial inoculation conditions in the greenhouse. In the F1 generation of all crosses with the respective isolates, all of the plants presented a resistance reaction except for the F1 plants resulting from the BR009 × SC283 cross. In the F2 generation, the frequencies of resistant and susceptible plants conformed to the hypothesis that one gene with two alleles controls host resistance, except in one cross. Out of the eight backcrosses, six presented segregation that corresponded to the hypothesis formulated. For most crosses, resistance was dominant, and the proportions of resistant and susceptible plants in the segregant populations conformed to the frequencies expected under the hypothesis of gene‐for‐gene resistance and dominant gene action. 相似文献
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Histopathology of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and oxalic acid function in susceptible and resistant soybean 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. L. Davidson L. Blahut‐Beatty A. Itaya Y. Zhang S. Zheng D. Simmonds 《Plant pathology》2016,65(6):878-887
The success of the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is largely dependent on its major virulence factor, oxalic acid (OA). Virulence is lost in transgenic plants that express OA degrading enzymes, e.g. oxalate oxidase (OxO). The histopathology of S. sclerotiorum infection and OA accumulation was examined in a transgenic soybean line over‐expressing OxO (OxO‐OE) and its isogenic parent (WT). In situ flower inoculation showed that the OxO‐OE plants were highly resistant to the pathogen while the WT parents were susceptible. This difference in resistance was not apparent in the floral tissues, as aggressive hyphal activity was similar on both hosts, showing that high OxO activity and low OA accumulation in OxO‐OE was not a deterrent. However, the process of fungal infection on excised leaf tissue differed on the two hosts. Primary lesions developed and showed similar severe ultrastructural damage on both hosts but rapid lesion expansion (colonization) proceeded only on the WT, concomitant with OA accumulation. Oxalic acid rose in OxO‐OE 1 day post‐inoculation and did not change over the following 3 days, showing that colonization can be blocked by maintaining low levels of OA. However, OxO degradation of OA did not deter initial host penetration and primary lesion formation. This shows that OA, the major virulence factor of S. sclerotiorum, is critical for host colonization but may not be required during primary lesion formation, suggesting that other factors are contributing to the establishment of the primary lesion. 相似文献
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Sara Fondevilla José I. Cubero Diego Rubiales 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):53-58
Mycosphaerella pinodes is one of the most devastating pea pathogens. Pea cultivars with adequate levels of resistance to control the disease are
not so far available. However, promising levels of resistance have been identified in wild accessions of pea. In the present
investigation the inheritance of resistance to M. pinodes was studied in two crosses between the susceptible pea cv. ‘Ballet’ and the partially wild resistant accessions P665 (Pisum sativum subsp. syriacum) and P42 (P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense). Both additive and dominant effects were important in control of resistance and susceptibility dominated over resistance. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The inheritance of resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of black leg of crucifers, was studied in Brassica juncea. Three resistant accessions (UM3021, UM3043, and UM3323) and one susceptible accession (UM3132) of B. juncea were crossed in a complete diallel. Parents, F(1), and F(2) progenies were evaluated for all crosses using both cotyledon and stem inoculation. Cotyledon reaction was evaluated with two isolates of L. maculans, but stem reaction was evaluated with one isolate. Disease reactions observed for individual plants were the same for both inoculation methods and for both isolates of the pathogen for cotyledon reaction. No segregation was observed for the crosses between resistant accessions (UM3043 x UM3323 and UM3021 x UM3323), but a few susceptible plants were observed in the F(2) progeny of crosses between resistant parents (UM3021 x UM3043). This was probably due to heterozygosity in some parental plants of UM3021. For crosses be tween the susceptible parent and resistant parents, F(1) plants for two crosses were all resistant. For cross UM3132 x UM3021, some susceptible plants occurred, which was also suggestive of heterozygosity in UM3021. Although resistance in F(1) was dominant, for F(2) populations, segregation fit either 13:3, 3:1, or 1:3 ratios, indicating that resistance can be either adominant or recessive trait. F(3) families derived from some susceptible F(2) plants from crosses UM3021 x UM3132 and UM3043 x UM3132 were evaluated using the cotyledon inoculation method only. Segregation of F(2) plants and F(3) families in crosses involving resistant and susceptible parents indicated that the resistance to L. maculans in B. juncea is controlled by two nuclear genes with dominant recessive epistatic gene action. 相似文献
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Variability and selection of verticillium wilt resistant genotypes in cultivated olive and in the Olea genus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Developing verticillium wilt resistant genotypes is currently a major objective in olive breeding. In this study, 6017 genotypes derived from 48 crosses obtained by open pollination and crosses between olive cultivars, wild olive genotypes and other Olea species and Olea europaea subspecies were individually evaluated for verticillium wilt resistance. More than 800 genotypes were identified as resistant to the disease based on the absence of symptoms. High genetic variability and wide segregation in resistance were observed. The inheritance of resistance was studied, and the best parents and crosses to breed resistant genotypes were identified. According to the results, verticillium wilt resistance in olive appears to be a quantitative trait. The results obtained by comparing the level of resistance between different crosses as well as by estimating heritability suggest that it is possible to breed for verticillium wilt resistance in olive. 相似文献
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苏云金杆菌对抗性及敏感小菜蛾的拒食活性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
调查了苏云金杆菌对抗性和敏感小菜蛾的拒食活性。选择性和完全拒食试验表明,Bt对抗性和敏感小菜蛾种群都有一定的拒食作用,且拒食活性随Bt浓度的增加而显著增强。相对于抗性种群,小菜蛾敏感种群对Bt杀虫剂表现了更强的拒食趋势,其拒食中浓度AFC50(0.089 3 μg/mL)显著低于抗性种群(0.148 1 μg/mL)。试验结果表明,抗性种群对有毒叶片的行为避害能力弱于敏感种群,小菜蛾对Bt杀虫剂的抗性产生应与其行为机制无关。 相似文献
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棉花抗黄萎病品种选育方法探讨 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
在棉花抗病育种中,通过病圃或重病地选择抗病单株是常规的选育方法,但其在抗黄萎病育种中的效果并不理想。如何提高抗黄萎病育种效率,促进育种进程是目前急需解决的问题之一。为此,19982002年我们在北京人工病圃,对不同抗病杂交组合和选育方法的选育效果进行了研究。结果表明,在双亲本均为抗(耐)品种的杂交后代群体中,以9月中旬是抗病还是感病并没有多少关联,对黄萎病抗性的选育应选群体抗病性强的株系或组合,以其丰产性为主要选育目标;只有抗与抗(或高耐)的组合中才能选出黄萎病抗性更高的株系;在抗(耐)品种中,后期无论是抗或感的单株其后代的抗病性差异不明显 相似文献