共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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油菜种子油脂分子标记及QTL定位的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阐述了油脂的合成途径,重点归纳了油菜种子含油量及重要脂肪酸（包括油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和芥酸）的分子标记及QTL定位。总结了分子标记技术在油菜遗传图谱构建、重要性状的基因定位、油菜遗传多样性与种质资源评价及油菜分子标记辅助选择中的应用。最后提出需要进一步研究和解决的问题,并做了展望。 相似文献
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分子标记在松树遗传与进化研究中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
松树是世界上分布最广且最具经济价值的树种之一。近年来随着DNA分子标记技术的发展,分子标记已经广泛应用于松树的遗传多样性、亲缘关系、遗传图谱构建、基因定位及分子标记辅助选择等方向。本文从遗传多样性、亲缘关系、遗传图谱构建、基因定位及标记辅助选择等角度,评述了松树遗传与进化上常用的DNA分子标记如RFLP、RAPD、AFLP和SSR等的应用情况和进展。在遗传多样性方面,DNA分子标记技术已成为鉴定松树种间、种内遗传多样性的有效手段,并用于指导杂交育种;在亲缘关系判定方面,可以在分子水平上阐明生物系统演化及分类情况,揭示育种亲本的选配和种质资源的有效利用;在松树遗传图谱构建和基因定位及标记辅助选择方面也取得了显著进展,构建了二十多张连锁图谱,并对其生长、材性和抗性等性状进行了基因定位,获得了一些重要的与抗病相连锁标记。 相似文献
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分子标记技术的快速发展,为分子标记辅助选择育种提供了便利,有利于加快育种进程。本文概述了各种常用分子标记RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、SSR、SNP的原理;以及近年来分子标记技术在中国玉米遗传多样性、杂种优势及杂种产量的预测、目标基因定位、指纹图谱构建和杂交种子纯度鉴定等研究方面的应用;并简单提出了分子标记技术在未来玉米育种研究中的应用前景和发展方向。 相似文献
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林木研究中常采用的分子标记技术主要包括RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、SSR及ISSR等。本文综述了这些分子标记技术的原理、优缺点。归纳总结了分子标记在木兰科植物中的应用研究进展:(1)利用RAPD、RFLP、cpDNA基因系列测定(psbA-trnH、atpB-rbcL、matK、ndhF)等分子标记在分子水平上对一些群体、个体进行了亲缘关系和分类研究;(2)利用RAPD、SSR和ISSR标记对一些群体、个体进行了遗传结构和遗传多样性研究;(3)采用DAF和RAPD获得了厚朴的DNA指纹图谱。分子标记在木兰科植物的其它方面的应用还很少。今后,除了继续对上述方面进行深入系统的研究外,还应充分运用分子标记技术,开展木兰科植物的分子遗传图谱、分子标记辅助选择育种、保育生物学等方面的研究。 相似文献
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DNA分子标记在洋葱遗传育种研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DNA分子标记技术的出现大大提高了遗传分析的准确性和选育品种的有效性,在植物遗传育种领域越来越受到重视.洋葱属于二年生植物,一个世代需要三年,具有育种年限长的问题.利用分子标记辅助选择是缩短洋葱育种年限,加快育种进程极其有效的途径.本文综述了DNA分子标记技术在洋葱遗传图谱构建、遗传多样性分析、种质鉴定、鉴定洋葱细胞质类型、重要性状的分子标记辅助选择和数量性状的基因定位等方面的应用,讨论了洋葱遗传育种中分子标记技术的现状及存在的问题,并对洋葱分子标记辅助育种的应用前景进行了展望.指出洋葱高密度的遗传图谱还有待于建成,对于数量性状标记的鉴定,还有待于进一步开发、快速和准确定位的QTL,关于洋葱抗病基因的标记需要深入研究. 相似文献
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分子标记技术在辣椒研究中的应用进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分子标记是生物学研究的一个重要工具,在作物新品种选育等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。为了构建辣椒分子标记辅助育种技术体系,以实现常规育种技术与现代生物技术的有机结合,归纳了分子标记技术在辣椒种质遗传多样性、分子连锁图谱构建、分子标记辅助选择育种和基因定位等方面的已有研究成果;认为分子标记技术在辣椒上的应用研究系统性还不强、基础分子信息比较缺乏、遗传图谱还不精细,建议在实用新型分子标记开发、核心种质分子信息库建立、优良作图群体及精细遗传图谱构建等方面加强系统深入的研究。 相似文献
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Identification of molecular markers associated with oleic and linolenic acid in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The quality of the oil derived from oilseed rape is determined by its fatty acid composition. Breeding oilseed rape for enhanced oil quality includes the development of cultivars with high oleic and low linolenic acid. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) techniques were investigated for the development of molecular markers for genes controlling oleic and/or linolenic acid. Markers that were identified were converted to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for use in breeding. Molecular markers associated with these two fatty acids were identified in a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between the oilseed rape lines TO99‐5318‐20, very high oleic (>79%) and very low linolenic acid (<2%) × DH12075, high oleic (68%) and higher linolenic acid (>7%). Eight RAPD markers were associated with oleic and linolenic acid contents. The RAPD marker UBC 2830 accounted for 43% and 13% of the genetic variation for oleic and linolenic acid levels, respectively. The RAPD marker UBC 153550 accounted for 19% of the genetic variation for linolenic acid. The UBC 2830 fragment was converted to a SCAR marker. The markers identified in this study should be useful tools for the early generation selection of high oleic and low linolenic acid genotypes in oilseed rape breeding programmes. 相似文献
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分子标记技术在甜菜育种中的应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
分子标记技术与常规育种技术相互紧密结合能显著提高育种效率。为了更好地阐明分子标记在甜菜育种中的作用,总结了国内外分子标记在甜菜亲缘关系及遗传多样性研究、遗传连锁图谱构建、数量性状基因定位（QTL）、分子标记辅助选择育种、杂种优势及种质鉴定中的研究现状和存在的问题。指出建立相应的高效分子标记辅助选育体系,创造出高产、优质、多抗或具广谱抗性的甜菜种质或品种是甜菜分子育种的研究方向。当前甜菜种质资源鉴定的关键任务是大力开发新型的分子标记进行甜菜种质资源遗传分析,绘制指纹图谱、进一步构建甜菜种质分子身份证。今后应加强对甜菜重要农艺性状基因进行精细定位,充分发掘QTL的信息,构建更为饱和的分子标记连锁图谱。 相似文献
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Molecular markers in Brassica oilseed breeding: current status and future possibilities 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
As PCR techniques have developed over the last 15 years, a wealth of new DNA marker technologies have arisen which have enabled the generation of high‐density molecular maps for all the major Brassica crop species. Molecular markers have also been heavily used in analyses of genetic diversity in Brassica crops. The majority of the work utilizing molecular markers in Brassica oilseed breeding has to date been based on genetic mapping using various DNA marker systems in segregating populations generated for specific investigations of particular traits of interest. For numerous qualitative traits, traditional mapping approaches have led to the development of marker‐assisted selection strategies in oilseed Brassica breeding, and in some cases to map‐based cloning of the responsible genes. For quantitative traits, however, it has become apparent that traditional mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is often not sufficient to develop effective markers for trait introgression or for identification of the genes responsible. In this case, allele‐trait association studies in non‐structured genetic populations represent an interesting new approach, provided the degree of gametic phase disequilibrium between the QTL and the marker loci is sufficient. Because Brassica species represent the closest crop plant relatives to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, significant progress will be achieved in the coming years through integration of candidate gene approaches in crop brassicas, using the detailed information now available for the Arabidopsis genome. Integration of information from the model plant with the increasing supply of data from physical mapping and sequencing of the diploid Brassica genomes will undoubtedly give great insight into the genetics underlying both simple and complex traits in oilseed rape. This review describes the current use of available genetic marker technologies in oilseed rape breeding and provides an outlook for use of new technologies, including single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers, candidate gene approaches and allele‐trait association studies. 相似文献
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Mandy Christopher Emma Mace David Jordan David Rodgers Paul McGowan Ian Delacy Phillip Banks John Sheppard David Butler David Poulsen 《Euphytica》2007,154(3):307-316
The aim of the pedigree-based genome mapping project is to investigate and develop systems for implementing marker assisted
selection to improve the efficiency of selection and increase the rate of genetic gain in breeding programs. Pedigree-based
whole genome marker application provides a vehicle for incorporating marker technologies into applied breeding programs by
bridging the gap between marker–trait association and marker implementation. We report on the development of protocols for
implementation of pedigree-based whole genome marker analysis in breeding programs within the Australian northern winter cereals
region. Examples of applications from the Queensland DPI&F wheat and barley breeding programs are provided, commenting on
the use of microsatellites and other types of molecular markers for routine genomic analysis, the integration of genotypic,
phenotypic and pedigree information for targeted wheat and barley lines, the genomic impacts of strong selection pressure
in case study pedigrees, and directions for future pedigree-based marker development and analysis. 相似文献
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The demands for increasing global crop production have prompted the development of new approaches relying on molecular marker
technologies to investigate and improve the plant genome. The merits of molecular markers make them valuable tools in a range
of research areas. This review describes novel approaches based on modern molecular marker technologies for characterization
and utilization of genetic variation for wheat improvement. Large-scale genome characterization by DNA-fingerprinting has
revealed no declining trends in the molecular genetic diversity in wheat as a consequence of modern intensive breeding thus
opposing the genetic ‘erosion’ hypothesis. A great number of important major genes and quantitative trait loci have been mapped
with molecular markers. Marker-assisted selection based on a tight linkage between a marker allele and a gene(s) governing
a qualitative or quantitative trait is gaining considerable importance as it facilitates and accelerates cultivar improvement
through precise transfer of chromosome regions carrying the gene of interest. The implementations of molecular markers in
wheat genotyping, mapping and breeding complemented by specific approaches associated with the complex polyploid nature of
common wheat are analyzed and presented. 相似文献
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The evaluation and use of the vast diversity contained in plant genetic resources (PGR) is a main challenge for today’s plant breeding. The use of molecular markers has hugely increased the knowledge about genetic diversity and great hopes are raised about the potential of marker assisted selection [MAS; sometimes also termed SMART breeding (Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies)] to help increasing the use of PGR and maintaining crop genetic diversity. Another approach growing attention has been paid to over the past two decades and which also aims to increase variation in crops is evolutionary and participatory breeding (EPB). In this paper we discuss both the potential of marker-assisted breeding strategies and the potential of EPB breeding to contribute to the maintenance, increase and development of agrobiodiversity. The potentials of molecular markers in the evaluation and use of PGR and their documented contribution to agrobiodiversity are reviewed and results from guided interviews with scientists and breeders are given. Despite tremendous research efforts involving molecular markers, it is still difficult to obtain a clear picture how molecular markers contribute to the use of PGR in plant breeding. Minor and major crops do not benefit to the same degree from recent developments in marker technology. It therefore depends at least in part on economic considerations whether SMART breeding or EPB strategies or both are implemented in the breeding process of a crop. A general decision in favor or against MAS or EPB when breeding for diversity would not yield optimum results. 相似文献
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Significant progress has been made in the characterization of loci controlling traits of importance using molecular markers.
A number of markers are currently available in wheat for genes of interest to the breeders. Markers can be used to better
characterize parental material, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of parental selection for crossing and
to track genes in segregating progenies through the selection process. Although a number of breeding programs are using molecular
markers at modest levels, the costs associated with marker assisted selection (MAS) are frequently cited as the main constraint
to their wide-spread use by plant breeders. However, this is likely to change when user-friendly, high-throughput, automated
marker technologies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms become available. These evolving technologies will increase the
number of available markers, and will improve the efficiency, throughput, and cost effectiveness of MAS, thereby making it
more attractive and affordable to many breeding programs. This article examines the extent to which molecular markers have
been used at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in applied wheat breeding and reviews the limited
publicly available information on MAS from other wheat breeding programs. As markers are currently available for relatively
few traits, we believe that MAS must be integrated with ongoing conventional breeding to maximize its impact. When used in
tandem with phenotypic selection, MAS will improve response to selection for certain traits, thereby increasing rates of genetic
progress. 相似文献