共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
《浙江林业科技》2016,(6)
2015年5月,对山鸡椒(Litsea cubeba)和光叶决明(Cassia floribunda)幼苗进行全光处理和65%遮阳处理,2015年9月对相关数据进行测定。结果表明,遮阳处理下山鸡椒叶片的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、Chl(a+b)以及类胡萝卜素(Car)含量均显著提高(P0.05),Chla/Chlb比值则无明显变化(P?0.05);遮阳处理下光叶决明叶片的Chlb和Chl(a+b)含量显著提高,Chla和Car含量无显著变化,Chla/Chlb比值则显著下降。遮阳处理下山鸡椒和光叶决明叶片的初始量子效率(α)、最大光合速率(Pnmax)、饱和光强(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光系统II(PSII)的电子传递速率(ETRII)、光化学猝灭系数(q P)、PSII实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)、光系统I(PSI)的电子传递速率(ETRI)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)均有所降低,而山鸡椒叶片的荧光参数除ETRI和NPQ外也均有所降低。试验显示,山鸡椒和光叶决明虽偏向于喜阳树种,但山鸡椒幼苗的光饱和点较低,在种植时应进行适当的遮阳。 相似文献
2.
模拟酸雨对假俭草叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究模拟酸雨(pH 2.5、pH 3.0)对假俭草叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:酸雨6 h胁迫引起假俭草PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率(ФPSⅡ)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)下降,pH 2.5处理比pH 3.0处理的下降幅度大;酸雨处理停止24 h后, Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、qP、ФPSⅡ、ETR、NPQ回升;酸雨处理停止48 h后,回升至接近对照.研究还表明,利用非损伤的叶绿素荧光技术可快速检测草对环境因子变化的响应. 相似文献
3.
土壤水肥胁迫对尾叶桉叶绿素荧光参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)无性系幼苗为供试材料,通过2因素3水平控制土壤水分和养分,测定了不同水肥处理下18个月生尾叶桉的叶绿素荧光特性,结果表明:水肥胁迫对叶绿素荧光参数影响显著;土壤含水量越低或养分含量越高,尾叶桉幼苗的初始荧光(F_o)、最大荧光(F_m)、PSⅡ的非环式电子传递的量子效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和电子传递量子产量(ETR)参数值就越高;尾叶桉幼苗的非光化学猝灭系数值随土壤含水量增加呈现升高趋势,说明尾叶桉幼苗能通过热耗散消耗过剩光能,避免光合机构受到破坏;尾叶桉在不同水肥处理下实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))值较低,非化学猝灭系数(NPQ)较高,说明尾叶桉吸收的光能主要用于热耗散,表观电子传递速率较高表明尾叶桉属于较高光呼吸的植物。 相似文献
4.
7种针阔叶树种不同光照强度下叶绿素荧光猝灭特征 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在半干旱地带的呼和浩特地区使用LI-COR光合测定系统研究了8～11年生油松、新疆杨、侧柏、白榆、沙棘、美国红梣、白杆7种针阔叶树种不同光照强度下叶绿素荧光猝灭特征,结果表明:光化学猝灭(qP)和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)随光强度的变化规律可拟合为y=a b[1-EXP(-cx)](式中:x为光强,y为qP或NPQ);qP与NPQ呈直线性负相关.NPQ光响应曲线转折点可作为光抑制初始点,该点对应的光强度可作为评价不同树木抵御光胁迫伤害能力和对强光适应能力的指标;NPQ转折点光强度愈大抵御光胁迫伤害能力愈大,对强光的适应能力愈强.测试树种对强光的适应能力由小到大的排序为:白杆、沙棘、美国红梣、侧柏、油松、新疆杨、白榆. 相似文献
5.
6.
3种引种杨树和3种乡土杨树苗叶的光合特性比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在自然条件下,测定了3种引种杨树和3种乡土杨树苗木叶片的光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数。3种引种杨树为芬兰山杨A21、芬兰山杨16、加杨,3种乡土杨树为小青杨、小叶杨、兴安杨。其测定结果表明,3种引种杨树苗叶的净光合速率(Pn)显著高于3种乡土杨树,同时蒸腾速率(E)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)的平均值也高于3种乡土杨树的苗叶。从而说明3种引种杨树的光合能力较强,对吸收的光能和水分的利用效率较高。3种引种杨树苗叶的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ光能捕获效率(F′v/F′m)、稳定荧光(Fs)、光适应下最小荧光产量(F′o)、最大荧光产量(F′m)的平均值均高于3种乡土杨树,3种引种杨树的可变荧光(Fv)、PSⅡ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、可变荧光与初始荧光之比(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)的平均值均低于3种乡土杨树。相关分析表明,Pn与Tr、Tr与Ci、Fm与Fo、Fv/Fo与Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ与Fo均呈极显著正相关(P0.01);ΦPSⅡ与Fm、F′v/F′m与Fv/Fo呈显著正相关(P0.05);Fv/Fo与Fo、Fv/Fm与Fo、NPQ与Fv/Fm、NPQ与Fv/Fo均呈极显著负相关(P0.01);qP与F′v/F′m呈显著负相关(P0.05)。 相似文献
7.
通过对枫杨、水杉、中山杉601、苏柳172、腺柳5个树种扦插苗进行5 cm(浅淹水)、10 cm (深淹水)淹水胁迫处理,研究5个树种对不同淹水胁迫处理的生理响应,并对其耐涝性进行综合评价,以期为长江沿岸景观防护林的筛选提供参考。结果表明：淹水胁迫下,苏柳172的总叶绿素(Chla+Chlb)、赤霉素(GA3)、脱落酸(ABA)含量均显著升高,其叶片变小、叶色深绿,对淹水胁迫具有较强的适应性。水杉在淹水胁迫下总叶绿素/类胡萝卜素[(Chla+Chlb)/Car]比值和玉米素核苷/吲哚乙酸(ZR/IAA)比值均较高,其超氧歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量也均较高。在淹水胁迫下,枫杨的Chla+Chlb含量、SOD活性显著下降,过氧化氢(H2O2)含量显著升高,叶色明显变黄,但非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)、类胡萝卜素(Car)、Pro、ABA含量提高,说明其具有较高的抗氧化能力。相比于深淹水处理,浅淹水处理下腺柳的苗高增量、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、光合色素、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)... 相似文献
8.
以毛竹幼苗为材料,通过测定在不同浓度(0、50、100、150 mmol.L-1)NaCl胁迫条件下的幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数及生理指标的影响,结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,毛竹幼苗的植株生长量、苗高生长量呈显著下降的趋势;与对照相比,NaCl胁迫条件下,毛竹幼苗叶片的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)显著降低,PSⅡ电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)显著降低。低NaCl浓度(50 mmol.L-1)胁迫下,光化学淬灭(qP)与对照无显著差异,高NaCl浓度(100~150 mmol.L-1)胁迫下,qP显著下降。非光化学淬灭(NPQ)无显著差异;毛竹叶片的叶绿素含量在低NaCl浓度胁迫下,与对照无显著差异,高NaCl浓度胁迫下,显著降低;各个NaCl浓度处理下的毛竹叶片脯氨酸含量均有显著差异。 相似文献
9.
美国山核桃无性系叶绿素的荧光特性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了12个不同品种美国山核桃无性系嫁接苗的叶绿素荧光特性.结果表明:不同品种间的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、PS II原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PS II潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)均存在显著或极显著差异;光合量子产额(Y ield)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)未达显著差异.初步聚类分析表明,不同无性系嫁接苗中的所有西部品种和国内优系金华1号具有较好的光合性能. 相似文献
10.
为了探究外源油菜素内酯(BR)对不同温度(8、28、38℃)下香椿幼苗生长的调节作用,以盆栽5月龄香椿幼苗为试材,以喷施清水为对照,研究外源油菜素内酯对不同温度下香椿幼苗生物量、叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明;外源BR处理可提高不同温度下香椿幼苗叶绿素的含量,显著提高香椿幼苗生物量和干物质积累量,使香椿幼苗叶片组织加厚,叶片相对含水率(RWC)提升,并且提高了香椿幼苗的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低了胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、初始荧光(F_o)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)。综上所述:喷施油菜素内酯可以促进适温下(28℃)香椿幼苗植株的生长,提高香椿幼苗在温度胁迫下的缓解作用和适应能力。 相似文献
11.
Two-year-old cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings raised in full or partial (27%) sunlight were flooded for 30 days to study the effects of light availability and root inundation on photosynthetic light response. Compared with seedlings receiving full sunlight, seedlings receiving partial sunlight developed leaves with 90% greater blade area, 26% less mass per unit volume, and 35% lower nitrogen (N) concentration per unit area, leading to a 15% reduction in leaf photosynthetic capacity when carbon exchange rates were based on blade area. However, when carbon exchange rates were based on leaf mass, leaves acclimated to partial sunlight exhibited a 15% greater photosynthetic capacity realized primarily through an increased initial slope of the photosynthetic light response (A/PPFD) curve and increased net photosynthesis at leaf saturation (Amax). Short-term flooding increased leaf mass per unit area more than 19%, reduced foliar N concentrations per unit dry mass by 19%, and initiated reductions in Amax and apparent quantum yield (phi) of seedlings in both light regimes. Greatest impairment of Amax (56% area basis, 65% mass basis) and phi (40%) were observed in leaves receiving full sunlight, and the declines were concomitant with a 35% decrease in chlorophyll concentration. Flooding also depressed instantaneous photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PPNUE) such that Amax decreased 54%, and the initial slope of PPNUE/PPFD curves decreased 33 and 50% for leaves acclimated to partial and full sunlight, respectively. The A/PPFD patterns indicated that the magnitude of flood-induced inhibition of the photosynthetic mechanism of cherrybark oak seedlings is determined partly by the light environment. 相似文献
12.
以不同遮荫条件(50%、25%和自然光)下适应生长1 a后的珙桐幼苗为研究对象,测定分析了珙桐幼苗的生理生化指标和生长的变化特征,结果表明:(1)不同的遮荫处理下,珙桐幼苗的净光合速率日变化曲线均为双峰型,有"午休"现象。但不同光强下出现峰值的大小和时间有差异。不同的光强下蒸腾速率日变化趋势也是不一致的,全天蒸腾速率大小顺序为一层遮荫(50%)两层遮荫(25%)全光照。(2)遮荫下珙桐的单叶面积、比叶面积和叶柄长均大于全光照下,表明珙桐利用弱光的能力很强,提高了对有限光资源的吸收。遮荫试验结果说明:适度的遮荫(50%透光率)有利于珙桐幼苗生长。 相似文献
13.
《Forest Ecology and Management》2001,141(3):237-250
The dynamics of a seedling bank was studied in four plots located in the Krynica Experimental Forest, southern Poland. Each sample plot was divided into eight sectors, in which germinants and seedlings were mapped, measured, and labelled; their survival was checked twice a year between 1989 and 1996. Maps of relative light intensities on the forest floor in sample plots were produced on the basis of measurements conducted in June and August 1991. During the entire period of study, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) made up over 96% of germinants and seedlings. Numbers of beech germinants varied strongly (from 0 to 1178) among plots and years. Each year of abundant germination was followed by one or two years of scarce germination, and there was an increasing trend in the number of germinants in three plots between 1989 and 1996. Seedling emergence was almost independent of relative light intensity and first-season survival was positively, but weakly correlated with it. Long-term survival of seedlings was low and strongly related to relative illumination. Results of analyses of spatial patterns in seedlings suggested that some microsites were more conducive than others to germination and early survival of seedlings. Survival among taller germinants was greater than among shorter ones. A true seedling bank was observed only in two plots, where relative light intensities were 9 and 15% of full sunlight. In a plot with relative light intensity of 4%, the seedling bank was unstable and in the least illuminated plot (<3% of full sunlight) no seedling bank was formed. Results indicate that, even in a strongly shade-tolerant species like beech, formation of a seedling bank requires the occurrence of canopy openings in the close proximity. 相似文献
14.
J. W. Claussen 《Forest Ecology and Management》1996,80(1-3):245-255
Current practices in many nurseries involve the germination of tropical rainforest seedlings in shaded conditions and transferral, at a later date, to environments with greater light intensities. Determination of the ability of these seedlings to acclimate to increased light intensities will allow seedling stock to be processed with maximum efficiency within the nursery. The acclimation abilities of three species, Agyrodendron actinophyllum, Cardwellia sublimis, and Flindersia brayleyana, commonly found in north Queensland's rainforests were investigated in this study. These particular species are highly valued for their cabinet timber qualities and are being reared in nurseries for use in reforestation trials and programs in north Queensland. Seedlings were initially raised in greenhouse conditions under two layers of shade cloth (16% of full sunlight) and then transferred into full sunlight at three different ages (3 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks). Upon transfer, organ ratios and the direction of dry matter distribution was determined for each species and age group. Approximately 3 months after the seedlings were transferred, the acclimation ability of each species and age group was then determined. Dry matter distribution was found to change with age, irrespective of light environment. Individuals within a species with larger root systems and thicker or more dense leaves had a greater acclimation ability than those with smaller root systems and thinner or less dense leaves. Furthermore, individuals within a species whose dry matter distribution upon transfer was directed towards developing a large root system, and a small photosynthetic area and mass, had a greater acclimation ability than those whose dry matter distribution was directed away from such morphologies. Awareness of these relationships allows a better understanding of seedling response to gap formation in natural forests, and also allows plant nursery operators to make a more informed decision about when to move seedlings to environments with a higher light intensity. 相似文献
15.
We investigated the effects and interaction of four irradiances, 37, 53, 70 and 100% full sunlight, and the endomycorrhizae Glomus macrocarpum and Glomus fasciculatum on the development of seedlings of Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. At all irradiances, mycorrhizal seedlings were taller and larger in diameter than nonmycorrhizal seedlings. Seedlings inoculated with G. macrocarpum showed the best height growth at 70% or less of full sunlight, whereas seedlings inoculated with G. fasciculatum grew best at 37 and 53% full sunlight. Leaf area was greatest in shaded seedlings and was enhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation. Shoot/root ratios were greater for mycorrhizal than for nonmycorrhizal seedlings. At intermediate light intensities, percent root length colonized was greatest, whereas the concentrations of soluble sugar and starch in roots were at intermediate levels. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1-2):73-84
Abstract Growth characteristics of ash (Fraxinus mandshuricavar. japonicd)and kalopanax (Kalopanax pictus), two mid-succcs-sional species, were monitored in relation to seasonal light in a deciduous broadleaf forest. During the growing, relative light intensity of the gap was 4 to 6 times higher than that under the closed canopy. Seedlings could be found on the mixed hardwood forest floor where relative light intensity was around greater than 7% of full sunlight. When saplings gap openings which had relative light intensities above 20%, they quickly developed lateral branches and increased their foliage volume. The light-photosynthesis curve of seedlings of both species showed a curve typical of the “shade leaf” type even though they grew under sunlight. In contrast, saplings of both species showed the “sun leaf” type of light-photosynthesis curve. This seedling to sapling shift from shade to sun adaptation was also found in other foliage characteristics. This study shows that species can efficiently adjust their leaf and branch characteristics to changing light environments from shade to openings in a forest. 相似文献
17.
伯乐树1年生幼苗的光响应特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用自然全光照的16.72%(s17)、24.51%(s25)、36.49%(s36)和100%(s100)及林地下14.02%(s14)等5种光照强度,比较分析不同光照条件下的环境因子日变化、1年生幼苗成活率、生长量等指标,以期揭示幼苗对于夏季不同光照条件的光响应特征。结果表明:不同光照强度下,环境因子日变化显著不同,幼苗的成活率、形态和生理指标等均存在显著差异。极度弱光下(s17)幼苗生长迟缓;而全光照环境(s100)和较强光照下(s36)易造成幼苗的死亡;仅适度遮荫(s25)适于幼苗的生长;林下栽培(s14)的相对光照强度虽然较弱,但其各种小气候因子均明显优于无林地的其它光照条件,幼苗成活率、水分利用和平均净光合速率等指标均达到最优。建议抚育幼苗时应采用适宜的遮荫处理,可选择在中等郁闭度的林下(自然遮荫)或在大田中采用夏季单层遮荫。 相似文献
18.
紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)对光强的生态适应性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)是我国主要外来入侵植物之一,在我国西南地区迅速传播,引起了巨大的经济损失。本文比较研究了不同光强下生长14个月的(透光率RI分别为10%、20%、30%、55%、100%)紫茎泽兰幼苗的生物量分配、叶片形态和生长反应特性。结果表明:紫茎泽兰在不同的光强条件下显示出极强的叶生态适应性。植株总生物量随光强升高而增加(RI从10%到55%),但在全光照下总生物量反而有所下降。株高也随光强增大(RI从10%到30%)而增大,但到达一定程度(RI30%)后,株高反而下降。在弱光照条件下,从比叶面积(SLA),叶面积比(LAR)和比茎长(SSL)等指标表明,植物通过叶片变薄、变大增加单位生物量的叶面积来捕获光能。随着光强的升高,平均相对生长速率增加,在本试验尺度下,RI在55%左右达到平均相对生长速率最大值。植株在RI为30%–55%下生长状况好于全光照条件下的幼苗。在高遮荫条件下能阻止其它生物的生存和生长,这可能是紫茎泽兰强入侵性的一种生态适应策略。结论:紫荆泽兰对光照强度拥有极强的生态适应性,可能是紫荆泽兰入侵性比较强的重要原因之一。图3参26。 相似文献
19.
采用自制潮汐模拟系统培养红树植物老鼠簕幼苗,设置7个相对于自然光5％、15％、20％、45％、60％、75％、100％的光照强度,研究了不同光强对老鼠簕幼苗从发芽至生长10个月的生理生态影响.随着光照强度的升高,幼苗的保存率、苗高、地径、根干质量、茎干质量、叶干质量、单株生物量、根冠比、根系活力、叶面积、叶绿素a、b含量均是先升后降;可溶性糖含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、最大净光合速率随光强增大而增加.在淹浸30 min内,不同光照强度的净光合速率均有增大的表现,而气孔导度均降低,且最终均稳定在初始值以下.试验表明:光照强度为45％时,多数生理生态指标表现为促进植物的生长;当光照强度为20％时,老鼠簕幼苗通过降低根冠比、光补偿点,增加苗高、叶绿素含量、叶面积和表观量子利用效率来提高自身光能获取的效率;当光照强度为5％时,光照会显著抑制幼苗的生长,但保存率依然在60％以上.可以认为,极低的光照强度致使幼苗生长缓慢,但并不影响其自然定居的密度;同时,在不同光强下,老鼠簕光饱和点和光补偿点均很低.以上可以解释淇澳岛红树林林下存在高密度老鼠簕的原因是由于其自身拥有高的耐阴能力,同时对光照减弱有极强的适应能力. 相似文献
20.
Valladares F Arrieta S Aranda I Lorenzo D Sánchez-Gómez D Tena D Suárez F Alberto Pardos J 《Tree physiology》2005,25(8):1041-1052
Shade tolerance, plastic phenotypic response to light and sensitivity to photoinhibition were studied in holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) seedlings transported from the field to a greenhouse and in adult trees in the field. All plants were growing in, or originated from, continental Mediterranean sites in central Spain. Seedlings tolerated moderate but not deep shade. Mortality was high and growth reduced in 1% sunlight. Survival was maximal in 12% sunlight and minimal in full sunlight, although the relative growth rate of the seedlings surviving in high light was similar to that of plants in moderate shade. Maximum photochemical efficiency at predawn was significantly lower in sun plants than in shade plants in the field, revealing chronic photoinhibition that was most pronounced in winter. Plasticity in response to available light varied according to the variable studied, being low for photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance, and high for specific leaf area, root:shoot ratio and leaf area ratio, particularly in seedlings. Differences in water relations and hydraulic features between sun and shade plants in the field were marginal. High water potential at the turgor loss point of field-grown plants suggested that holly is sensitive to drought during both the seedling and the adult stage. Low relative growth rates in both high and low light with low physiological plasticity in response to light indicate the existence of a stress-tolerance mechanism. We conclude that holly is a facultative understory plant in areas of oceanic and relatively mild climate, but an obligate understory plant in dry continental areas such as the study site. The impact of abandonment of traditional management practices and climate change on these Mediterranean populations is discussed. 相似文献