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利用花绒寄甲防治杨树云斑天牛的研究 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
在湖南和湖北省选取9个云斑天牛危害的杨树林作为试验林,释放云斑天牛的寄生性天敌花绒寄甲卵和成虫开展生物防治云斑天牛试验.通过调查天敌释放前后被害株数和株虫口数2个指标对花绒寄甲的防治效果进行评价.结果表明:林间释放这种寄生性天敌的卵和成虫均对云斑天牛有良好的控制效果.在释放花绒寄甲卵的3个试验林中,平均株虫口校正减退率为83.27%;平均被害株校正减退率为74.33%;在释放花绒寄甲成虫的6个试验林中,平均株虫口校正减退率为84.23%;平均被害株校正减退率为75.65%.通过对释放花绒寄甲卵和成虫后当年和第2年调查的防治结果进行比较,表明释放天敌成虫的防治效果略好于释放卵的林分,但二者差异不显著.由于人工繁殖花绒寄甲成虫的成本远高于卵,因此,在生产中大面积防治云斑天牛时,采用释放花绒寄甲卵的方法比较经济. 相似文献
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应用花绒寄甲防治松褐天牛 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取6个松褐天牛危害的马尾松林样地,释放寄生性天敌花绒寄甲的卵和成虫。通过调查天敌释放前后被害株数和单株虫口数2个指标对花绒寄甲的防治效果进行评价,同时,采用室内和林间罩网寄生试验相结合的方法分析花绒寄甲对松褐天牛幼虫的寄生情况。在释放花绒寄甲卵和成虫后对当年松褐天牛的寄生防治效果显示:在释放花绒寄甲卵的3个试验林中,平均株虫口校正减退率为48.54%,平均被害株校正减退率为63.07%;在释放花绒寄甲成虫的3个试验林中,平均株虫口校正减退率为47.00%,平均被害株校正减退率为68.00%,二者差异不显著。说明林间释放花绒寄甲卵和成虫均对松褐天牛有良好的控制效果。室内试验中,释放花绒寄甲卵和成虫后,不同胸径受害木段中松褐天牛幼虫被寄生的数量比例变化较大,5～8cm胸径的木段中寄生率最高,达72.41%,显著高于10～15cm和>18cm胸径木段的49.52%和49.06%;分别在5,7和9月释放花绒寄甲卵和成虫,寄生率分别为68.50%,21.63%和30.29%,5月份的寄生率显著高于7月和9月。利用花绒寄甲防治松褐天牛具有良好的控制效果,以5月份释放天敌效果最好,可在生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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利用花绒寄甲防治锈色粒肩天牛 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
室内在器皿内和半自然条件下,利用花绒寄甲对锈色粒肩天牛进行寄生性试验,最佳效果分别达80%和86.67%。林间在山东泰安、聊城等地选取5处被锈色粒肩天牛危害的国槐行道树作为试验地,释放花绒寄甲成虫、卵块对锈色粒肩天牛幼虫进行生物防治试验。以天敌释放前后被害株虫口数为依据,对花绒寄甲的防治效果进行评价。林间各处理最佳防治效果为:单纯释放花绒寄甲成虫、卵块后,株虫口减退率分别为72.23%和71.67%,同时释放花绒寄甲成虫及卵块时,其株虫口减退率为82.64%。但3者间差异不显著。林间释放花绒寄甲成虫和卵块,对锈色粒肩天牛均有良好的控制效果。 相似文献
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花绒寄甲是寄生天牛的重要林木天敌昆虫,为了解花绒寄甲在林间的寄生防治效果,通过林间释放花绒寄甲（成虫、卵卡）来寄生松褐天牛,根据松褐天牛被寄生率和虫口减退率,研究花绒寄甲对松褐天牛的防治效果。结果显示,2019年校正虫口减退率平均值为46.20%,寄生率高于50%的占66.7%;2020年防治效果为 33.18%,寄生率为 34.91%,由此可见,释放花绒寄甲对松林松褐天牛防治效果较明显,寄生情况良好,治理区域内松褐天牛数量有所减少,对松褐天牛危害区具有较好的种群抑制效果。 相似文献
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释放花绒寄甲卵防治松褐天牛技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业科学》2017,(10)
【目的】研究释放花绒寄甲卵对马尾松立木上松褐天牛的寄生效果,进一步探索经济有效利用花绒寄甲防治松褐天牛的技术措施。【方法】在林间设置直立木诱木,后在诱木上按5∶1、10∶1、15∶1(寄甲卵数量∶松褐天牛侵入孔数量)3个比例释放花绒寄甲卵卡防治松褐天牛以明确最佳释放比例。另在一年中6个不同时间释放花绒寄甲卵卡以明确最佳释放时期。此外,在江西省新干县金川镇林场6个小班释放花绒寄甲卵开展林间防治松褐天牛试验以明确大面积释放天敌的防治效果。【结果】释放卵与害虫数量比例为15∶1时的校正寄生率最高,室内为85.17%,林间校正虫口减退率为82.20%。3月上旬、3月下旬、4月上旬、4月下旬、8月上旬和10月下旬在马尾松诱木树干释放卵卡,以4月上旬防治效果最好,校正虫口减退率达82.37%。在林间每株直立诱木上释放4 000粒花绒寄甲卵,越冬代松褐天牛防治效果58.04%~87.39%。【结论】利用花绒寄甲卵防治松褐天牛具有良好的控制效果;江西中部地区释放花绒寄甲卵的最佳时间在4月上旬,偏南应提前约10天,而偏北地区则应推迟约10天。 相似文献
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为防治危害北京地区柳树上的光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis)、薄翅锯天牛(Megopis sinica),采用对环境安全的天敌昆虫进行了生物防治试验。结果表明:在实验室的条件下,直接在光肩星天牛幼虫上接天敌的平均寄生率为63.33%,模拟自然木段释放花绒寄甲卵的为73.33%,直接危害木段的为76.67%。另外,可以寄生薄翅锯天牛1～3龄低龄幼虫,平均寄生率为63.33%,而不能在室内寄生4～5龄的幼虫。在林间条件下,释放花绒寄甲成虫,光肩星天牛的虫口减退率可达90.98%;释放花绒寄甲卵,光肩星天牛的虫口减退率达到80.82%。 相似文献
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花绒寄甲对松褐天牛寄生距离及人工繁殖成虫野外越冬情况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides对松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus有效寄生距离以及野外越冬花绒寄甲翌年寄生效果,采用在室内设置卵带,距离卵带50,100,150,200,250,300 cm处分别放置松褐天牛幼虫,野外释放花绒寄甲成虫于虫害株下或在虫害株距离地面1.5m处钉卵卡的方法研究了花绒寄甲对松褐天牛有效寄生距离.野外越冬情况研究采用虫害木野外罩笼释放花绒寄甲成虫和卵卡的方法.结果显示:在室内,花绒寄甲幼虫最远可寄生距离卵带150cm处的松褐天牛幼虫,距离卵带50,100,150 cm处的松褐天牛幼虫平均校正寄生率分别为(68.86±2.71)％,(36.85±7.22)％和(6.15±6.15)％;在野外,释放花绒寄甲卵卡和成虫最远垂直寄生距离分别为7.5和9m,平均寄生距离分别为3.9和6.4m.花绒寄甲成虫在安徽省全椒县野外试验地可以顺利越冬,翌年平均校正寄生率可达(62.52±13.74)％. 相似文献
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花绒寄甲卵和成虫释放技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides是蛀干害虫天牛的重要天敌,释放花绒寄甲卵和成虫能有效控制林木被害率和天牛的虫口数量。释放花绒寄甲卵,北方选择在3月下旬至6月中旬,南方的释放期可延长至8月;将卵卡固定在天牛虫粪孔下方的背阴处(虫孔高度3m)或距离地面2.5~3.0m的树干背阴处(虫孔高度3m)。花绒寄甲成虫释放在北方选择5-7月初期,南方选择3月下旬或9月中旬;直接将释放盒钉在距离地面约2.5m树干背阴处。若立木被害率较小,则一次性每公顷投放成虫释放盒或卵卡200~250个;若被害林株天牛密度较大,则应连续释放2年且每年释放1次,每被害木释放花绒寄甲卵40~80粒(卵卡1~2个)和成虫5~10头。 相似文献
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释放花绒寄甲成虫和卵防治栗山天牛 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花绒寄甲(Dastarcus helophoroides)(鞘翅目Coleoptera寄甲科Bothrideridae)是迄今发现的寄生天牛类害虫最主要的寄生性天敌昆虫。经研究,虽然寄生不同天牛种类的花绒寄甲根据形态特征目前认为是同一种,但在生物学特性上表现为很强的寄主专化性,即形成了不同天牛种的花绒寄甲生物型(biotypes)(Weietal.,2009)。因此,在利用其开展天牛生物防治时,必须在自然界找到自然寄生该种天牛的花绒寄甲生物型,才能取得良好的防治效果。 相似文献
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花绒寄甲防治林木天牛的技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生物防治是目前中国森林病虫害防治发展的趋势,其中天敌昆虫的应用是热点之一。花绒寄甲已经较广泛地应用于天牛防治。笔者阐述了近5年来,关于花绒寄甲防治林木天牛的技术研究进展。 相似文献
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The Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis is a polyphagous xylophage native to Asia. This beetle is the most serious pest in the Three-north Areas of China. Dastarcus helophoroides plays an important role in biological control of the Asian long-horned beetle. In order to determine the probability of introducing this natural enemy to control A. glabripennis in the northwest of China, the overwintering survival of D. helophoroides in north China is a most important issue which should be understood. The overwintering place and survival of D. helophoroides were investigated respectively. The supercooling points of overwintering and laboratory strains of this parasitic beetle were assayed. The results indicated that most of this parasitic beetle chose the long-horned beetle pupa cell and the gallery as their overwintering place. A small proportion of them completed their overwintering process beneath the bark. Over 50% proportion of this beetle can complete the overwintering process successfully. Furthermore, the cold tolerance of overwintering strain was much stronger than that of the laboratory strain. These findings suggested that D. helophoroides can successfully accomplish the overwintering process in northwest of China. This might provide a support for introducing D. helophoroides to control the Asian long-horned beetle in these places. 相似文献
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In this study, the pathogen and parasite spectra of Turkish populations of the great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are analysed. In addition to the previously studied infective green alga
Helicosporidium, three more pathogens and parasites, i.e. the yeast Metschnikowia sp., the neogregarine Mattesia sp. and a nematode, were recorded here for the first time. The pathogens and parasites occur in different quantities and
combinations in outbreaks of the beetle at five Turkish localities. 相似文献
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Insect samples were collected from the canopy of 24 willow short rotation coppice (SRC) sites on farmland in Britain and Ireland in 1995. The blue willow beetle Phratora (= Phyllodecta) vulgatissima (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), previously identified as the main defoliating pest of this crop, was recorded from 13 of these at varying levels of abundance. Data describing aspects of the environment at each site were also collected. These data were used to create potential explanatory variables for a regression analysis of beetle abundance. This analysis indicated that P. vulgatissima were most likely to occur and were more abundant at older willow sites on clay soils and at sites that bad certain free-living willow species growing nearby. Within sites, most willow clones sampled contained P. vulgatissima, although two, Salix burjatica‘Germany’ (‘Aquatica Gigantea’) and Salix mollissima‘Q83’ (Salix triandra × Salix viminalis), were avoided. Chrysomelid pest avoidance and clonal resistance could form part of an integrated pest management strategy for SRC crops. 相似文献
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Colonisation of native and exotic conifers by indigenous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in France 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coralie Bertheau Aurlien Salle Jean-Pierre Rossi Stphanie Bankhead-dronnet Xavier Pineau Graldine Roux-morabito Franois Lieutier 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(7):1619-1628
Planting exotic conifers offers indigenous forest insects an opportunity to extend their host range and eventually to become significant pests. Knowing the ecological and evolutionary modalities driving the colonisation of exotic tree species by indigenous insects is thus of primary importance. We compared the bark beetle communities (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) associated with both native and introduced conifers in France. The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of both host- and insect-related factors on the beetles’ likelihood to shift onto new hosts. We considered the influence of host origin (i.e. native vs. exotic), host tree species identity, tree bark thickness and tree taxonomic proximity, as well as insects’ host specificity. A field inventory using trap trees was carried out in two regions in France (Limousin and Jura) during two consecutive years (2006 and 2007) on three European native conifer species [Norway spruce (Picea abies); Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European Silver-fir (Abies alba)] and five North American [Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis); Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus); Grand fir (Abies grandis); Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)]. A total of 18 indigenous and 2 exotic bark beetle species were collected. All exotic conifer species were colonised by indigenous bark beetle species and no significant difference was observed of the cumulated species richness of the latter between native and exotic tree species (13 vs. 14, P < 0.05). The ability of indigenous bark beetles to shift onto exotic conifers appeared to strongly depend on host species (significantly structuring bark beetle assemblages), the presence of phylogenetically related native conifer species and that of similar resources, in combination with insect host specificity. Host tree species status (native or exotic) also seemed to be involved, but its effect did not seem as essential as that of the previous factors. These findings are discussed in terms of adaptation, plasticity and practical aspects of forest management. 相似文献