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1.
降雨和植被覆盖对铁路路基边坡土壤侵蚀的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的] 探究不同植被覆盖对边坡径流泥沙的削减作用,为改善道路路基边坡的植被配置,减少公路边坡的水土流失量提供科学参考。[方法] 选取江苏省南通市境内在建的南京市—启东市铁路路基为研究对象。利用坡面观测小区,选取观测期内不同降雨强度（15,28,40,63,82 mm/h）的自然降雨条件,对3种植被覆盖（灌草坡面、植草坡面和裸坡坡面）的坡面产流与产沙进行分析,揭示植被覆盖对径流和泥沙的拦蓄作用。[结果] 降雨强度对初始产流时间影响显著（p<0.05）,3种植被覆盖的初始产流时间随降雨强度的增加逐渐减少,植草坡面和草灌结合坡面相比裸坡坡面对初始产流时间的延缓作用显著。随着降雨强度的增加,3种下垫面坡面径流量均呈增大的趋势,植草和草灌结合坡面相比裸坡坡面有较好的削减坡面径流作用。试验条件下,草灌结合坡面削减率在54.20%～63.68%,植草坡面削减率在38.59%～55.37%。随着降雨强度的增加,裸露坡面所产生的泥沙量呈指数型递增,在降雨强度大于63 mm后尤为明显,由662.66 g （15 mm/h）陡增至2 002.95（82 mm/h）。植草和草灌结合坡面随降雨强度的增大产沙量增加不明显,泥沙产生量在0.9～4.9 g。[结论] 路基边坡产流产沙随着降雨强度的增大而增加,降雨对坡面产流产沙影响显著;植草坡面和草灌结合坡面相比裸坡坡面有非常明显的减少土壤侵蚀的效果。 相似文献
2.
降雨侵蚀因子和植被类型及覆盖度对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
为探讨降雨和植被对辽西褐土区农耕坡地土壤侵蚀的影响,2006-2010年采用坡面径流小区观测法研究了天然降雨条件下降雨侵蚀因子、植被覆盖度、植被类型对坡耕地地表径流量、土壤侵蚀量的影响。设5°和10°两个坡度水平,以甘薯和谷子为供试作物,2006-2007年对照区为天然荒草地,2008-2010年为裸坡地。结果表明,甘薯地径流量和侵蚀量与降雨量(R)、最大30 min雨强(I_(30))、R×I(平均雨强)、R×I_(30)正相关显著(P0.05);裸坡地径流量与R、R×I_(30)正相关显著(P0.05),侵蚀量与I_(30)、R×I_(30)正相关显著(P0.05),与降雨量相关不显著(P0.05)。甘薯地和裸坡地的径流量和侵蚀量与平均降雨强度正相关均不显著(P0.05)。回归分析表明,降雨量主要影响径流量,最大30 min雨强主要影响侵蚀量。中、高雨强下,侵蚀量与径流量显著正相关(P0.01)。甘薯地径流量和侵蚀量与植被覆盖度呈显著负指数关系(P0.05)。5°坡耕地,不同植被类型侵蚀量为甘薯地荒草地谷子地;10°坡耕地,荒草地侵蚀量总体最少。多元回归分析表明,对土壤侵蚀的影响为地表径流降雨侵蚀力(R×I_(30))植被覆盖度。通过连续5 a坡面径流小区观测,初步探明降雨和植被对辽西褐土区农耕坡地土壤侵蚀的影响,可为该区坡耕地土壤侵蚀的有效防治提供一定的理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
3.
不同雨强对我国西南喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀影响的模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
选取我国西南喀斯特地区作为研究区域,通过资料查询、野外考察,设计加工满足该区域雨强范围的针管式人工降雨装置,在不同地表覆盖情况下,针对不同雨强对土壤侵蚀的影响进行了16场室内模拟试验,结果表明(1)坡面径流率在产流后180～300s之后保持稳定.随着雨强的增大坡面径流率增大,同雨强时坡面覆盖的植被或岩石均有明显的减流效果.(2)坡面输沙率变化可分为快速增大、迅速减小、增大、缓慢减小和趋于稳定5个阶段.坡面平均输沙率均随雨强的增大而增大.同雨强时坡面覆盖的植被或岩石的减沙效果显著.(3)坡面总径流量随雨强的增大而增大,同雨强时裸地坡面总径流量最多.裸地、植被覆盖(70%)地、植被一裸岩覆盖(70%～60%)地坡面总侵蚀量随雨强的增大而增大.裸岩覆盖(60%)地坡面总侵蚀量随坡度的增大而先增大后减小,在60～114mm/h之间存在土壤侵蚀的雨强转折点.同雨强时裸地坡面总侵蚀量最大,植被或岩石覆盖的减沙量均在71%～88%之间. 相似文献
4.
植被对含碎石土壤坡面降雨入渗和径流侵蚀的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]研究植被对含碎石土壤坡面入渗和径流侵蚀的影响,为合理配置三峡地区含碎石土壤坡面植被提供科学依据。[方法]在建立的径流小区内铺设含碎石土壤,并配置不同种类、不同覆盖度的植被,进行人工降雨试验。[结果]各类小区径流量排序为:裸坡灌木坡面草本坡面草灌混合坡面,入渗量与径流量排序相反,有植被覆盖坡面的壤中流大于裸坡;入渗率服从对数函数规律,产流强度呈幂函数变化;草地对水沙的调控机制更多的是直接拦沙;累计径流量和累计侵蚀量的关系均满足幂函数形式。[结论]植被措施可有效地减少含碎石土壤坡面的水土流失,不同的植被措施减少的效益不同。 相似文献
5.
基于KINEROS2模型的降雨和坡长因子对土壤侵蚀过程影响的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以不同坡长(1,5,10,15,20m)径流小区在不同降雨强度(25,50,75mm/h)下人工模拟降雨试验为基础,通过KINEROS2模型对坡面侵蚀过程及侵蚀量进行模拟,对比分析不同坡长、降雨强度及其交互作用对坡面土壤侵蚀过程及侵蚀量的影响,并评价KINEROS2模型的模拟效果及适用性。结果表明:坡长与总径流量呈一元线性关系(R20.990),与总侵蚀量呈幂函数关系(R20.900);降雨强度与总径流量、总侵蚀量之间呈倍数关系增加,且总侵蚀量的增率是总径流量增率的2~3倍;坡长与降雨强度之间存在交互作用,坡长、降雨强度和降雨强度-坡长交互作用与径流量、侵蚀量呈显著相关关系,并在坡面径流和侵蚀过程中表现为正效应。坡面径流量主要受坡长、降雨强度和降雨强度-坡长交互作用三者综合影响。坡面侵蚀量主要受坡长和降雨强度-坡长交互作用的影响极显著,受降雨强度的影响较显著。KINEROS2模型对径流过程的模拟优于侵蚀过程,对总侵蚀量的模拟优于总径流量,说明KINEROS2模型更适于对径流过程及总侵蚀量的模拟。从总体来看,KINEROS2模型对径流小区坡面土壤侵蚀过程及侵蚀量模拟效果较好,说明KINEROS2模型在中国西北干旱半干旱地区小区尺度上有较好的适用性。 相似文献
6.
模拟降雨下不同坡度土壤坡面产流产沙特征及磷和钾素流失研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用室内模拟降雨研究了不同坡度对土壤坡面产流产沙特征及其养分流失的影响。结果表明:在降雨条件下,初始产流时间随坡度的增加而趋于提前,初始产流时间变化范围为0.63~1.62 min,说明坡面产流时间因坡面坡度的增加而缩短。不同坡度条件下径流强度随降雨历时的增加而增加,在降雨历时前20 min,径流强度急剧增加,降雨历时20 min以后,径流强度增加趋势趋于平稳,径流强度遵循幂函数变化规律;不同坡度条件下入渗强度随降雨历时的增加而降低,在降雨历时前20 min,入渗强度急剧降低,降雨历时20 min以后,入渗强度降低趋势趋于平稳,坡面入渗强度随时间则呈对数函数变化。不同坡度下径流量均随降雨历时呈“增加—稳定”趋势（单峰曲线,抛物线规律）,在整个降雨过程中,径流量随坡度的增加而增加,在0~20 min内,径流量随降雨历时的增加陡然上升趋势,20~40 min,不同坡度条件下土壤泥沙侵蚀量均达到最大值,40 min以后泥沙侵蚀量随降雨历时的增加呈现基本平稳趋势,泥沙侵蚀量中DP,K+,SEP和SEK均随着坡度的增加而增加。不同坡度条件下,泥沙量与侵蚀泥沙中养分的含量均存在不同程度的正相关关系,其中坡面坡度为20°,25°和30°时,侵蚀泥沙养分含量与泥沙流失量间的相关性明显优于其他坡度,说明侵蚀泥沙量的增加会引起泥沙中各种类养分含量的增加效应,而随着坡度的增加,侵蚀泥沙量与侵蚀泥沙中养分的含量并非均显示出更进一步的相关性。 相似文献
7.
黄土丘陵区两种典型灌木群落坡面侵蚀泥沙颗粒组成及养分流失的比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在野外模拟降雨条件下,比较研究了黄土丘陵区柠条(Cnragana korshinkii)和狼牙刺(Sophoraviciifolia)径流小区产流产沙、侵蚀泥沙颗粒组成、比表面积(SSA)及养分流失特征.结果表明,两种灌木群落均能显著减小坡面径流泥沙的流失.产流后流失泥沙黏粒、SSA与养分含量随降雨时间总体呈现降低趋势,其中有机质变化显著,全磷变化不显著.受植被盖度影响,泥沙中黏粒与养分含量均表现为柠条群落>狼牙刺群落>对照裸地.侵蚀泥沙具有富集黏粒和富集养分的特征,富集率随群落盖度增大而增大(柠条>狼牙刺>裸地).不同形态养分富集率不同,其中有机质均在2.5以上,全氮平均富集率为2.13,全磷为1.23.富集率随产流时间呈线性递减.流失泥沙养分含量与黏粒(粒径<0.002 mm)含量及SSA达到极显著的正相关.坡面土壤养分主要以黏粒为载体流失.SSA的变化不仅能体现土壤颗粒组成的变化,而且能够反映土壤养分的变化. 相似文献
8.
北京山区径流侵蚀过程及WEPP模型适用性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
北京土石山区多发严重的土壤侵蚀甚至是泥石流,因此如何通过植被控制侵蚀,进而通过侵蚀模型预测预报侵蚀就显得十分重要。在北京山区简易径流小区内,人工模拟降雨5种雨强(5.7~75.6mm/h)、不同树种(油松、栓皮栎)及不同株行距(1.0m×1.0m,1.5m×1.5m),探究树冠特征和降雨特征对径流侵蚀过程的影响,以及WEPP模型对径流过程、总径流量和总产沙量的模拟效果。结果表明:(1)小雨下(总降雨量≤25.2mm)裸地与有林小区的累计径流量存在显著差异(p=4.9E-11),大雨下(总降雨量49.8,75.6mm)差异不明显(p=0.35),裸地与有林小区在总径流量和径流系数上并没有差异显著(p=0.81,0.44),LAI与雨强均显著影响总径流量;(2)裸地小区总产沙量为有林小区的1.70倍,但ANOVA分析显示二者之间差异不显著(p=0.13),覆盖度与产沙率SLR之间存在良好的指数关系SLR=e-0.02C;(3)WEPP模型在大雨下对径流过程的模拟更为准确,小雨下对产流时间的模拟较实际产流时间延后10~20min,累计径流量模拟值与实测值的差距随降雨历时增加而不断增加;(4)WEPP模型对总径流量和总产沙量的模拟效果较好(效率系数CE=0.61,0.91),各雨强下总径流量和总产沙量的模拟值分别是实测值的1.01,1.25倍。 相似文献
9.
野外模拟降雨条件下坡面降雨入渗、产流试验研究 总被引：43，自引：12，他引：43
利用野外模拟降雨试验,研究了植被类型、降雨强度、地表结皮、覆盖杂草等对荒草地和裸地降雨入渗、产流的影响。结果表明:裸地因降雨易产生地表结皮,产流时间主要取决于降雨强度,两者的关系可用幂函数描述,达显著水平;荒草地由于植被覆盖度较高,产流时间主要取决于土壤初始含水量,两者的关系可用线性公式描述,达极显著水平;与裸地相比,荒草地能延缓产流,并有效拦蓄径流;裸地形成地表结皮后,产流提前,平均入渗率降低,但坡面覆盖杂草(尤其是坡中下部覆盖杂草)能有效拦蓄径流、延缓产流、增加入渗,并促进土壤水分向深层的运移,而雨后采用抑制蒸发的措施能起到类似的效果 相似文献
10.
模拟降雨对亚热带阔叶林土壤坡面产沙产流及养分流失的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用人工降雨方法,研究了不同降雨强度和坡度对亚热带阔叶林土壤坡面产沙产流及养分流失的影响。结果表明:(1)在不同降雨强度下,初始产流时间随坡度的增加趋于提前,随降雨强度的增大产流时间提前,降雨强度对初始产流时间的影响大于坡度变化的影响。(2)在同一坡度条件下,产流强度和平均入渗强度随降雨强度的增加而增加;曲线拟合的结果表明产流强度随时间遵循幂函数变化规律,而坡面入渗强度随时间呈对数函数变化。(3)不同降雨强度下,径流量随降雨历时的变化趋势基本一致,径流量均随降雨历时呈"增加—稳定"趋势,在整个降雨过程中,径流量随坡度的增加而增加,相同坡度下,径流量随着降雨量的增加而增加;降雨初始时刻,坡度对径流量的影响较小,而在降雨后期,降雨强度和坡度对径流量的影响较大;产流率与径流量的变化趋势相反,随降雨历时呈"降低—稳定"趋势,在整个降雨过程中,土壤产流率随坡度的增加而降低,在相同坡度下,产流率随着降雨量的增加而增加。(4)侵蚀泥沙量的变化特征表现为坡度越大,坡面侵蚀泥沙的流失量越大;泥沙侵蚀量随降雨历时的增加而增加,在降雨10min左右达到峰值;在相同坡度和降雨历时下,泥沙侵蚀量随降雨强度的增加而增加;不同坡度下的侵蚀泥沙量在峰值前后与产流历时均呈乘幕函数变化,不同坡度下侵蚀泥沙养分含量与产流历时间的关系均可用幂函数表达。(5)不同坡度条件下,泥沙量与侵蚀泥沙中养分的含量均存在不同程度的正相关关系,其中坡度为15°,20°和25°时,侵蚀泥沙养分含量与泥沙流失量间的相关性明显优于坡度为5°和10°时,说明侵蚀泥沙量的增加会引起泥沙中各类养分含量的增加效应,而不同坡度下的全磷与侵蚀量没有显著的相关关系(P0.05)。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献