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1.
大量研究表明,能量是高产奶牛发挥产奶潜力的重要因素之一。目前,国内外市场上相继出现了一类专门用于反刍动物的高能饲料添加剂瘤胃保护性脂肪(粉),这类产品的共同特点是有效能值高,具有过瘤胃保护特性,即在瘤胃中基本不降解,而在小肠中可很好地被消化[1]。1为什么要在奶牛日粮中添加脂肪围产期奶牛的干物质采食量大幅度下降,泌乳前期采食量增加滞后于产奶量增加,导致奶牛处于能量负平衡,奶牛(尤其是高产奶牛)不得不动用体脂贮存来满足能量需要,其结果常常是降低了奶牛的繁殖性能和对疾病的抵抗力,增加酮病和脂肪肝的发病率,继而导致产奶量… 相似文献
2.
奶牛泌乳早期．随着产奶量的不断上升．能量需要量也逐渐增加,而干物质采食量的增加却很有限,处于泌乳高峰期的奶牛,特别是高产奶牛．常常出现能量负平衡。为了增加日粮中的能量浓度．在日粮中添加经过处理的保护性脂肪．可使脂肪存瘤胃中不发生解离和水解．直接进入小肠被消化吸收．从而进一步提高奶牛的生产性能,发挥奶牛的产奶潜力。 相似文献
3.
奶牛泌乳早期,随着产奶量的不断上升,能苗需要量也逐渐增加,而干物质采食量的增加却很有限,处于泌乳高峰期的奶牛,特别是高产奶牛,常常出现能最负平衡.为了增加日粮中的能量浓度,在日粮中添加经过处理的保护性脂肪.可使脂肪在瘤胃中不发生解离和水解,直接进入小肠被消化吸收,从而进一步提高奶牛的生产性能,发挥奶牛的产奶潜力. 相似文献
4.
在奶牛的泌乳早期,随着产奶量的不断上升,能量需要量也逐渐增加,而干物质采食量的增加却很有限,处于泌乳高峰期的奶牛,特别是高产奶牛,常常出现能量负平衡.为了增加日粮中的能量浓度,在日粮中添加经过处理的保护性脂肪,使脂肪在瘤胃中不发生解离和水解,直接进入小肠被消化吸收,从而进一步提高奶牛的生产性能,挖掘奶牛的产奶潜力. 相似文献
5.
在奶牛的泌乳早期，随着产奶量的不断上升，能量需要量也逐渐增加；而干物质采食量的增加却很有限，处于泌乳高峰期的奶牛，特别是高产奶牛，常常出现能量负平衡。为了增加日粮中的能量浓度，在日粮中添加经过处理的保护性脂肪，使脂肪在瘤胃中不发生解离和水解，直接进人小肠被消化吸收，从而进一步提高奶牛的生产性能，挖掘奶牛的产奶潜力。 相似文献
6.
在奶牛的泌乳早期,随着产奶量的不断上升,能量需要量也逐渐增加,而干物质采食量的增加却很有限,处于泌乳高峰期的奶牛,特别是高产奶牛,常常出现能量负平衡。为了增加日粮中的能量浓度,可以在日粮中添加经过处理的保护性脂肪,使脂肪在瘤胃中不发生解离和水解,直接进入小肠被消化吸收,从而进一步提高奶牛的生产性能,挖掘奶牛的产奶潜力。1奶牛饲喂脂肪的好处保护性脂肪作为一种高能饲料,可以提高日粮能量浓度,而不影响瘤胃发酵,可以满足高产奶牛在泌乳早期对能量的大量需要,从而提高产奶量。同时,保护性脂肪被吸收后,可通过乳腺合成分泌到乳汁… 相似文献
7.
在奶牛的泌乳早期,随着产奶量的不断上升,能量需要量也逐渐增加,而干物质采食量的增加却很有限,处于泌乳高峰期的奶牛,特别是高产奶牛,常常出现能量负平衡。为了增加日粮中的能量浓度,在日粮中添加经过处理的保护性脂肪,使脂肪在瘤胃中不发生解离和水解,直接进入小肠被消化吸收 相似文献
8.
在日粮中添加保护性脂肪以以提高奶牛的产奶量，实验研究证实，产奶量随保护性脂肪的饲喂水平增加呈上升趋势。据报道，提高日粮油脂含量或用油脂代替部分精料，可有效改善奶牛能量供应，提高泌乳性能并改善健康状况，但最好添加过瘤胃保护性脂肪。另外，指出油脂不利于纤维的消化，若将油脂直接添加到青贮饲料中，则会使饲料采食量和纤维消化率下降，但添加经皂化、氢化、甲醛处理的保护性脂肪，可防止瘤胃内不发生脂肪的离解和水解，让脂肪直接进入小肠消化吸收，这既能提供能量，又可避免对纤维素及其他营养物质消化吸收的影响。但夏季奶牛常处于体能负平衡状态，高温可以使奶牛的采食量下降，身体消瘦，造成奶牛体内能量的负平衡，为明确保护性脂肪对夏季奶牛泌乳量的具体影响，本研究进行了分组对比试验。 相似文献
9.
泌乳高峰期奶牛常出现能量负平衡，会影响奶牛的产奶性能，导致奶牛体重和受精率下降，增加乳房炎的发生率。肥育后期肉牛(羊)能量的采食量有限，难以满足育肥的需要，导致胴体脂肪含量不足。通常有两种方法可以提高日粮能量水平，一是增加精饲料，但这样会使瘤胃发酵类型发生 相似文献
10.
在奶牛的泌乳早期,随着产奶量的不断上升,能量需要量也逐渐增加,而干物质采食量的增加却很有限。处于泌乳高峰期的奶牛,特别是高产奶牛,常常出现能量负平衡。为了增加日粮中的能量浓度,传统的方法是在日粮中添加未经保护的脂肪,以改变能量的负平衡。但直接添加未经保护的脂肪,会抑制瘤胃微生物活动,改变瘤胃发酵类型,降低纤维素的消化率,同时,乳脂率也随之降低,还易引起瘤胃功能紊乱和酮病等。而添加经过处理的保护性脂肪,可以使脂肪在瘤胃中不发生解离和水解,直接进入小肠被消化吸收,有效克服上述弊端,提高脂肪的利用率,从而进一步提高奶牛… 相似文献
11.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
14.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
15.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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