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1.
Metaldehyde and methiocarb are two snail baits (molluscicides) which are commonly ingested by dogs and cause rapid onset of severe neurological symptoms. Rapid and appropriate treatment is essential for patient survival. This paper summarizes the literature on treatment of metaldehyde and methiocarb toxicity, based primarily on actual case reports from the past 35 years.
There are important differences between metaldehyde and methiocarb in their mechanisms and treatment. Metaldehyde's mechanism is unknown; methiocarb is a carbamate and parasympathomimetic. Pentobarbitone anesthesia and atropine have been the mainstays of treatment in metal-dehyde and methiocarb toxicity, respectively; their limitations and disadvantages are discussed. Other drugs and aspects of treatment, such as acetylpromazine, diazepam, gastric lavage, and hypetihermia, are also discussed.
Clinical signs are similar in both types of toxicity, but treatment may be complicated by the development of hyperthermia and atropine poisoning which also have similar clinical signs. 相似文献
There are important differences between metaldehyde and methiocarb in their mechanisms and treatment. Metaldehyde's mechanism is unknown; methiocarb is a carbamate and parasympathomimetic. Pentobarbitone anesthesia and atropine have been the mainstays of treatment in metal-dehyde and methiocarb toxicity, respectively; their limitations and disadvantages are discussed. Other drugs and aspects of treatment, such as acetylpromazine, diazepam, gastric lavage, and hypetihermia, are also discussed.
Clinical signs are similar in both types of toxicity, but treatment may be complicated by the development of hyperthermia and atropine poisoning which also have similar clinical signs. 相似文献
2.
Peter K. Ngategize John B. Kaneene Stephen B. Harsh Paul C. Bartlett Edward L. Mather 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1987,4(5-6):463-470
Follicular cysts are a common cause of anestrus in dairy cattle. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) are the most common forms of treatment on dairy farms in Michigan. The two treatments, however, differ in costs per unit of treatment, response rates to treatment and intervals from treatment to estrus. A comparative analysis, using decision-tree analysis, was undertaken to determine which of the two treatments was more economical. The value of the animal, response rates to treatment, days to onset of estrus and costs of treatment and examination were incorporated in the computation of expected values. The analysis showed that it is more economical to treat with GNRH than with HCG. Withholding treatment in the hope of obtaining spontaneous recovery is the least economical option. A sensitivity analysis was performed to test how sensitive the treatment strategies are to small changes in selected model parameters. 相似文献
3.
Gary R. Johnston DVM MS Daniel A. Feeney DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1983,24(3):130-137
Physical and patient factors relative to orthovoltage and supervoltage radiotherapy treatment planning for extremity lesions are described. The radiation tolerance of the limb and the pathogenesis of radiation injury are reviewed. Prevention of radiotherapy injury by modification of physical and patient factors in the treatment protocol is discussed. The treatment of radiotherapy complications encountered in the extremities is sumarized. 相似文献
4.
猫病毒性鼻气管炎(Feline viral rhinotracheitis, FVRs)是由1型猫疱疹病毒引起的对猫科动物健康构成严重威胁的病毒性传染病,其传播迅速、潜伏感染的特点一直以来都是宠物临床中诊断与治疗的难点。目前存在多种猫疱疹病毒治疗药物,但是对药物治疗效果的评价存在很大的争议。因此,充分认识抗疱疹病毒药物的研究现状及治疗效果对于FVRs治疗方案的制定十分重要。本文对近年来抗猫疱疹病毒药物及治疗效果的研究进展进行了综述,以期为FVRs的临床治疗提供理论参考。 相似文献
5.
Hektoen L Ødegaard SA Løken T Larsen S 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2004,51(4):196-202
There is often a need to reduce sample size in clinical trials due to practical limitations and ethical considerations. Better comparability between treatment groups by use of stratification in the design, and use of continuous outcome variables in the evaluation of treatment results, are two methods that can be used in order to achieve this. In this paper the choice of stratification factors in trials of clinical mastitis in dairy cows is investigated, and two score-scales for evaluation of clinical mastitis are introduced. The outcome in 57 dairy cows suffering from clinical mastitis and included in a clinical trial comparing homeopathic treatment, placebo and a standard antibiotic treatment is investigated. The strata of various stratification factors are compared across treatments to determine which other factors influence outcome. The two score scales, measuring acute and chronic mastitis symptoms, respectively, are evaluated on their ability to differentiate between patients classified from clinical criteria as responders or non-responders to treatment. Differences were found between the strata of the factors severity of mastitis, lactation number, previous mastitis this lactation and bacteriological findings. These factors influence outcome of treatment and appear relevant as stratification factors in mastitis trials. Both score scales differentiated between responders and non-responders to treatment and were found useful for evaluation of mastitis and mastitis treatment. 相似文献
6.
Principles and applications of radiation therapy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Radiation therapy is emerging as a beneficial and increasingly accessible treatment option for companion animals with cancer. Various types of radiation are available with different properties that may make one more suitable than another for treating a specific tumor type. Radiation therapy can be used as the sole treatment or as part of a multimodality treatment course to result in local or locoregional tumor control, or as palliative therapy for pain control. When radiation is a potential treatment option, it should be considered early in the decision-making process to ensure that the appropriate diagnostics and other treatment modalities are considered to provide the best potential outcome. This article is intended to provide an overview of the types of radiation therapy that are available, the indications, and the potential acute and late radiation side effects. 相似文献
7.
影响蚯蚓处理粪污因素的研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,39(11):85-89
旨在为研究者深入研究蚯蚓处理粪污技术提供一定参考和借鉴。通过查阅与蚯蚓处理粪污技术相关的文献资料,得出影响蚯蚓处理粪污效果的主要因素有蚯蚓品种选择、环境因素、粪便腐熟程度和粪便组合及辅料成分等。其中,爱胜蚓属的太平2号蚯蚓为国内外专家研究使用最多、实际应用中最广泛的蚯蚓品种;使用蚯蚓处理粪便时,温度保持在15-25℃,pH值应该控制在中性范围内;最适宜蚯蚓生长繁殖的畜禽粪便为牛粪,处理其他动物粪便时加入牛粪形成粪便组合进行处理,牛粪所占比例一定最多。关于湿度和粪便腐熟程度对蚯蚓处理粪便效果的影响、辅料的选择,以及对于除环境因素外的其他3项因素（蚯蚓品种选择、粪便腐熟程度、粪便组合及辅料成分）在不同情况下的选择需要进一步研究。 相似文献
8.
G W Brumbaugh H Sumano López M L Hoyas Sepúlveda 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1999,15(2):345-362
Each horse with laminitis is presented to the veterinarian at a different stage in progression of the condition and with varying severity. The pathogenic timing is often unknown and is difficult to determine. Because timing and severity are related to both the lesion's severity and responsiveness to treatment, these factors are critical to treatment selection and success. It is erroneous to assume that each horse with laminitis should receive each treatment. It is therefore important to ascertain as logically and objectively as possible the pathophysiological stage of development of each horse when it is examined. Therapeutic failure may result from inappropriate interpretation of the clinical signs and pathophysiologic condition of the patient in order to coordinate a treatment regimen. 相似文献
9.
A. R. Hollis 《Equine Veterinary Education》2019,31(12):647-652
Periocular tumours are a relatively common problem in the horse, and present some unique challenges. Radiotherapy has long been considered the ‘gold standard’ for the treatment of periocular tumours in the horse, and there are various techniques of delivering this treatment. Although teletherapy and plesiotherapy are occasionally used, the most commonly used technique is interstitial brachytherapy. Low-dose rate interstitial brachytherapy has reported success rates of between 74 and 100% for the treatment of periocular sarcoids, and other tumours can also be successfully treated using this technique. There are significant disadvantages to the low-dose rate brachytherapy approach, and recently, a technique using high-dose rate brachytherapy has been described with a reported success rate of 100% for periocular sarcoid treatment. Electronic brachytherapy is a technique which may provide an alternative to high-dose rate brachytherapy, but its use for the treatment of periocular tumours has not been reported, and the requirement for general anaesthesia is a significant disadvantage. 相似文献
10.
畜禽养殖带来的大量废弃物是农业面源污染的主要来源,畜禽养殖污染的防治主要采用还田模式、生化处理模式、沼气化处理模式及污染转移四种方式,沼气化处理模式是用循环经济理念治理畜禽养殖污染最有效的方法。 相似文献
11.
Atrial fibrillation is a disorder of cardiac rhythmicity, and its importance in the horse depends on the underlying cause and the function of the horse. Before the decision is taken to start treatment, it has first to be ascertained whether treatment is worthwhile and whether the horse is an appropriate candidate for treatment. This article gives a short overview of current opinion on the cause and treatment of atrial fibrillation in the horse. The most used treatment at the moment, oral chinidine sulphate, is discussed. The hemodynamic consequences of atrial fibrillation and the response of a patient to treatment with chinidine sulphate are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
Valentine Martlé Luc Van Ham Robrecht Raedt Kristl Vonck Paul Boon Sofie Bhatti 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(3):332-339
Refractory epilepsy is a common disorder both in humans and dogs and treatment protocols are difficult to optimise. In humans, different non-pharmacological treatment modalities currently available include surgery, the ketogenic diet and neurostimulation. Surgery leads to freedom from seizures in 50–75% of patients, but requires strict patient selection. The ketogenic diet is indicated in severe childhood epilepsies, but efficacy is limited and long-term compliance can be problematic. In the past decade, various types of neurostimulation have emerged as promising treatment modalities for humans with refractory epilepsy. Currently, none of these treatment options are used in routine daily clinical practice to treat dogs with the condition. Since many dogs with poorly controlled seizures do not survive, the search for alternative treatment options for canine refractory epilepsy should be prioritised. This review provides an overview of non-pharmacological treatment options for human refractory epilepsy. The current knowledge and limitations of these treatments in canine refractory epilepsy is also discussed. 相似文献
13.
Ehrhart N 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2005,41(4):241-246
Soft-tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with similar biological behaviors. Wide surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment for these tumors. Local recurrence is common following conservative resection, and recurrent tumors are more difficult to treat. Radiation therapy or re-excision with wider margins is indicated if excision is microscopically incomplete. Chemotherapy is often recommended as an adjunctive treatment for high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas because of their higher metastasis rates when compared to low-or intermediate-grade soft-tissue sarcomas. Knowledge of extent of disease and histological grade is helpful in guiding treatment choices. 相似文献
14.
R J Kemppainen 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1984,14(4):721-730
There are a multitude of possible side effects when using high levels of or chronic administration of glucocorticoid treatment. Several of the studies referred to in this discussion used large amounts of glucocorticoids for rather lengthy periods. The endocrine, as well as nonendocrine, effects of glucocorticoids are minimized when the lowest effective doses are used, when treatment is terminated as soon as reasonably possible, and when an alternate-day therapy schedule is followed. However, an occasional individual may appear with a particular susceptibility to one or more of the side effects of glucocorticoid treatment even when these measures are followed. 相似文献
15.
This study evaluates treatment alternatives for left displaced abomasum (LDA) in dairy cattle. The technique of decision-tree analysis was used to evaluate 3 treatment possibilities. A computerized spreadsheet decision tree was used for the evaluation. Results of this investigation suggested that surgical treatment had the highest expected monetary value. Closed surgical techniques had expected monetary values close to the surgical techniques. Rolling the cow had the lowest expected monetary value, but the expected monetary value for rolling was higher than the expected monetary value for selling. If an LDA recurs after treatment, surgical and closed surgical treatments are preferred over rolling. From this study, we can conclude that surgical and closed surgical treatment alternatives are preferred if expected monetary values are considered. Rolling is preferred over selling the cow. However, if an LDA recurs, selling the cow is preferred over rolling. 相似文献
16.
When treating diabetic cats, the primary aim is to control clinical signs without causing clinical hypoglycaemia. Secondary goals are to maximise the chances of attaining diabetic remission and to minimise the risk of complications due to chronic hyperglycaemia. A treatment plan that is convenient for the owner is important for compliance. Underweight or overweight diabetic cats should be fed with the aim of normalising bodyweight. Current evidence suggests that non-obese diabetic cats can be fed ad libitum. The oral hypoglycaemic drug glipizide is well established as a treatment for about a third of diabetic cats, which have residual beta cell function. Preliminary studies on other oral agents such as vanadium salts, metformin, and troglitazone indicate a potential use in some diabetic cats. Insulin treatment remains the treatment of choice for the majority of diabetic cats. Choice of insulin, dose rates and monitoring of treatment are discussed. 相似文献
17.
J.F Quirke 《Livestock Production Science》1981,8(1):37-53
The hormonal changes which accompany sexual maturation and the regulation of first ovulation and oestrus are reviewed. The methods used for induction of puberty and synchronization of cycles in ewe lambs and the responses to treatment in terms of oestrus, ovulation, fertilization and pregnancy are discussed. Although the oestrus reponse to progestagen-PMSG treatment is good and the fertilization high, the fertility is variable and usually lower than for adult ewes. Data are presented which show that most aspects of the endocrine response of adult ewes and ewe lambs are similar following progestagen-PMSG treatment and that the uterine environment is equally favourable for embryonic survival in the two age classes. It appears, however, that prenatal mortality is much higher in ewe lambs than in adult ewes. 相似文献
18.
Alison J Morton 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2005,21(3):627-49, vi
Septic arthritis (SA) is a common orthopedic condition encountered in horses that are presented to equine veterinarians. Successful out-come is dependent on prompt and thorough evaluation and treatment. This article briefly reviews the pathophysiology, outlines diagnostics, describes treatment options and prognostics, and discusses current research in diagnosis and treatment of SA. 相似文献
19.
母体放牧环境可以对后代子株产生遗留效应，同时，放牧可通过改变生态系统蒸散发格局及强度加剧干旱。然而，放牧遗留效应是否影响了植物对干旱的响应，尚知之甚少。从长期围封和放牧样地采集羊草克隆后代进行室内培养，研究了放牧遗留效应对羊草干旱适应性的影响。结果表明：1）相对于围封羊草克隆后代（NG），放牧羊草克隆后代（GZ）单株株高、单株生物量的干旱抵抗力更强，材料来源与干旱处理交互作用显著；相反，GZ子株数对干旱的响应比NG更敏感；2）NG与GZ地上生物量、总生物量对干旱具有相同的响应趋势和强度；3）NG总根茎长、总根茎节间数对干旱的响应更敏感，对照处理下NG总根茎长度、总根茎节间数显著大于GZ，而干旱处理下无显著差异；4）NG在干旱下减小根茎和地上分配，提高根系分配；而GZ在干旱下减小根茎分配、提高地上分配，根系分配无显著变化。结果表明，放牧遗留效应改变了羊草对干旱的响应模式，为认识放牧生态系统过程提供了新的角度。 相似文献
20.
燕麦与毛苕子混播试验初报 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对比试验的方法，进行了燕麦与毛苕子混播试验，结果表明：B处理鲜草产量明显高于其它处理，其抗倒伏性能随毛苕子播量的增加而降低。B处理的燕麦与毛苕子植株增高幅度也最大。 相似文献