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1.
Rice plants cope with flash floods using either an ‘escape strategy’ involving rapid shoot elongation or a ‘quiescence strategy’ involving survival underwater with minimal activity. To clarify the differences in the response of leaf photosynthesis properties to conditions during and after submergence, two rice cultivars were compared: a non‐shoot‐elongating cultivar IR 67520‐B‐14‐1‐3‐2‐2 (IR67520) and a shoot‐elongating cultivar IR72442‐6B‐3‐2‐1‐1 (IR72442). Twenty‐three‐day‐old seedlings were submerged in 80‐cm‐deep water for 14 days. During submergence, the chlorophyll contents of the upper fully expanded leaf (5th leaf) and newly developed leaf later (6th leaf) and the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of the fifth leaf decreased earlier in IR72442 than in IR67520. In the submerged sixth leaf, Fv/Fm was higher in IR72442 than in IR67520 at early measurement. Although Fv/Fm of the sixth leaf in submerged IR67520 increased substantially from 2 days post‐submergence, IR72442 decreased because of leaf chlorosis. Therefore, a non‐shoot‐elongating cultivar coped with submergence by inhibiting photodamage and maintaining high chlorophyll content in the leaves. The shoot‐elongating cultivar was able to maintain the photosynthetic capacity of the newly developed leaf during submergence by prompt reduction of chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaf that developed before submergence.  相似文献   

2.
弱光条件下不同穗型小麦品种旗叶光合特性和抗氧化代谢   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
在大田试验条件下,比较了大穗穗型小麦品种泰农18和多穗型品种济南17的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、可溶性蛋白和总糖含量、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量对不同程度弱光响应的差异,为黄淮麦区小麦高产稳产栽培及品种选用提供理论依据。从开花期至成熟期分别对两品种进行25%(S1)、50%(S2)和90%(S3)的弱光处理,以正常光照(S0)为对照。结果表明,S1和S2处理提高了小麦灌浆期内旗叶叶绿素含量和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),而S3处理提高了花后0~6 d旗叶叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm,之后显著低于对照;随弱光程度增强旗叶花后实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)升高,而叶绿素a/b比降低。S2和S3处理显著抑制了旗叶抗氧化酶活性,降低了旗叶Pn、可溶性蛋白和可溶性总糖含量;而S1处理增强了旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高了小麦旗叶Pn、可溶性蛋白和可溶性总糖含量。相同处理条件下,与泰农18相比,济南17的旗叶叶绿素含量较高,光系统II (PSII)活性较强,同时抗氧化酶活性下降较慢,膜脂过氧化程度低,使叶片功能免受破坏,保证了光合作用的进行。75%光照条件下(S1)的小麦抗氧化酶具有较高活性,叶片膜脂化程度低,抗逆性较强,旗叶Pn高值持续期长,有利于光合产物的积累。多穗型品种比大穗型品种更能适应黄淮麦区小麦生育后期光照不足的生产条件。  相似文献   

3.
Salinity is a widespread soil problem limiting productivity of oilseed crops worldwide. Reduction in growth generally associated with decline in photosynthesis. Accumulation of osmo‐protectants such as glycinebetaine (GB) permits the plant to cope with salt stress. This study was aimed to understand the mechanism by which exogenous GB application improves photosynthetic capacity and salt tolerance in two diverse lines of canola differing in salt tolerance using chlorophyll fluorescence technique. Glycinebetaine was applied as foliarly or through rooting medium to two canola lines Dunkeld and Cyclone that were grown under non‐saline or saline conditions. Root‐applied GB caused adverse effects whereas foliar application of GB was effective in improving growth of canola cultivars. However, the response of salt‐tolerant cultivar Dunkeld was stronger than that of salt sensitive Cyclone. Foliar application of GB improved accumulation of proline and plant water status. Application of GB enhanced the photosynthetic CO2 fixation, stomatal conductance (gs) and water‐use efficiency. The tolerant lines Dunkeld had more responsive to GB application. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Fo, Fm, Fv, Fo/Fm, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm ratios) revealed that salt stress reduced energy trapping efficiency by damaging oxygen evolving complex, over reduction of QA resulting in occurrence of chronic photoinhibition. However, exogenous GB protected the oxygen evolving centre of PSII and maintains activity of PSII. Although root‐applied GB adversely affected the growth of canola plants, it did not have any adverse effect on PSII photochemistry. Moreover, fluorescence parameters could provide a rapid means for determining salt tolerance in canola and could be a rapid and sensitive test to identify genotypes highly tolerant to salt stress.  相似文献   

4.
小麦叶绿素荧光参数叶位差异及其与植株氮含量的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以中蛋白质含量小麦品种矮抗58和高蛋白质含量品种郑麦366为试验材料,2008-2010年连续2个生长季进行了施氮梯度下(0、90、180和270 kg hm-2)的田间试验。在关键生育时期同步测定叶片荧光参数、叶和茎生物质量及氮含量,建立了基于叶位差的小麦植株氮含量荧光估算模型。结果表明,在小麦旺盛生长的拔节至孕穗期叶绿素荧光参数Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo与对应叶片氮含量的相关系数分别为0.557、0.601、0.619和0.633,均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。顶三叶间荧光参数差异较小,随施氮水平提高,顶部第4叶荧光参数与顶三叶间差异逐渐缩小,说明其对增施氮肥反应敏感。顶部第4叶与顶部第1叶间的荧光参数差异(LPD4-1)可较好拟合小麦拔节期植株氮含量变化,Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm方程决定系数R2分别为0.644 (P<0.001)和0.651 (P<0.001);顶部第4叶与顶部第2叶间的荧光参数差异(LPD4-2)方程拟合决定系数有所降低,分别为0.626 (P<0.002)和0.592 (P<0.005);而顶部第4叶与顶三叶之间的差异(LPD4-n)与小麦孕穗期植株氮含量间呈显著线性关系,其Fo、Fv和Fm方程决定系数分别为0.726 (P<0.001)、0.791 (P<0.001)和0.784 (P<0.001)。独立数据检验结果表明,小麦拔节期对Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm的LPD4-1预测精度R2分别为0.844( P<0.001)和0.828 (P<0.001),相对误差(RE)分别为13.0%和16.7%,而LPD4-2估算植株氮含量精度有所降低,R2分别为0.793 (P<0.001)和0.813 (P<0.001),RE分别为16.9%和18.4%。小麦孕穗期对Fv和Fm的LPD4-n预测方程的R2分别为0.831 (P<0.001)和0.815 (P<0.001),RE分别为13.2%和16.4%。比较而言,小麦拔节期Fv/Fo的LPD4-1和孕穗期Fv的LPD4-n可更好地用于评估不同条件下植株氮含量的变化,为施肥调控提供决策依据。  相似文献   

5.
Drought tolerance was investigated in ‘C306’, one of the most drought tolerant wheat cultivars bred in India in the 1960’s. An intervarietal mapping population of recombinant inbred lines of the cross ‘C306’ × ‘HUW206’ was evaluated for drought tolerance components, namely potential quantum efficiency of photosystem (PS) II (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content (Chl), flag leaf temperature (Lt), and grain yield per plant (Gyp) under stress. Three independent experiments were conducted under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in greenhouses and growth chambers at Kansas State University (USA). Five hundred and sixty microsatellite markers covering the entire genome were screened for polymorphism between the parents. A QTL (QLt.ksu-1D) for Lt (low flag leaf temperature under stress) on the short arm of chromosome 1D between markers Xbarc271 and Xgwm337 at LOD 3.5 explained 37% of the phenotypic variation. A QTL for Fv/Fm (QF v /F m .ksu-3B) and Chl (QChl.ksu-3B) controlling quantum efficiency of PS II and chlorophyll content under stress were co-localized on chromosome 3B in the marker interval Xbarc68–Xbarc101 and explained 35–40% of the phenotypic variation for each trait. A QTL (QGyp.ksu-4A) for Gyp on chromosome 4A at a LOD value of 3.2 explained 16.3% of the phenotypic variation. Inconsistent QTLs were observed for Fv/Fm on chromosomes 3A, 6A, 2B, 4B, and 4D; for Chl on 3A, 6A, 2B and 4B; and for Lt on 1A, 3A 6A, 3B and 5B. The identified QTLs give a first glimpse of the genetics of drought tolerance in C306 and need to be validated in field experiments using the marker-phenotype linkages reported here.  相似文献   

6.
甘蓝型油菜黄化突变体的光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
肖华贵  杨焕文  饶勇  杨斌  朱英 《作物学报》2013,39(3):520-529
调查油菜自发黄化突变体(NY)、野生型(NG)及其正反交后代材料(F1和rF1)的光合色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及农艺性状,分析五叶期各参数的变化规律。表明,突变体叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素均大幅减少,其中叶绿素b减幅最大;净光合速率显著降低,胞间CO2浓度升高,但气孔导度与野生型等相当,表明光合速率不受气孔限制;光补偿点和光饱和点升高,暗呼吸速率与野生型等相当,表观量子效率和光补偿点处量子效率显著降低;CO2补偿点、光呼吸速率和羧化效率均显著降低,CO2饱和点则显著升高;突变体的荧光参数,包括Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv'/Fm'、ΦPSII、qp、NPQ和ETR均显著降低,说明光合色素含量降低导致PSII反应中心捕光能力弱和光化学转化效率低,使叶片光合速率降低。突变体的黄化持续时间较长,对生长发育产生影响较大,单株籽粒产量只有野生型的57.09%,但与正常材料组配F1的光合特性和农艺性状均能恢复到正常水平。  相似文献   

7.
于2004—2005在江苏南京农业大学卫岗试验站进行盆栽试验, 设置干旱与对照2个土壤水分处理, 每个处理再设置3个氮素水平, 研究了花铃期干旱胁迫下氮素水平对棉花叶片光合作用与叶绿素荧光参数的影响, 以期为棉花花铃期干旱时的合理氮肥运筹提供理论依据。结果表明, 与对照相比, 干旱处理显著降低了棉株凌晨叶水势、土壤相对含水量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)与胞间CO2浓度(Ci), 但提高了叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl a+b)及类胡萝卜素(Car)的含量。干旱处理下, Pn、Gs、Ci、Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b及Car均以240 kg hm-2氮素水平最高。干旱胁迫下叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)明显升高, 且随氮素水平的提高而增大; 而最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统II(PS II)量子产量(ΦPS II)、电子传递速率(ETR)与光化学猝灭系数(qP)均显著降低, 干旱胁迫亦增大了非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)。干旱胁迫下Fv/Fm、ΦPS II、ETR与qP均以240 kg hm-2氮素水平最高。干旱胁迫显著降低叶片蒸腾速率(Tr), 导致叶温升高, 增施氮肥进一步增大了叶温。干旱胁迫降低了棉株各器官干物质重, 而施氮则增大水分胁迫指数。综合分析认为, 过量施氮或施氮不足均不利于提高棉花叶片光合性能。两年试验结果表明, 在本试验设置的3个氮素水平中, 花铃期干旱胁迫下以240 kg hm-2纯氮, 且基施50%, 初花期追施50%较适宜。  相似文献   

8.
以上海种植的小偃54和京411及其杂交后代稳定优选株系6号、7号和10号为材料,通过测定抽穗期剑叶的毫秒延迟发光(ms-DLE)和不同生育期倒数第1片功能叶的光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、比叶重(SLW)、Fv/Fm、ATP含量和P700还原初始速率来分析其光合特性的动态变化,为小麦育种选择中改善光合性能提供理论依据和技术途径。结果表明,小麦杂交优选后代6号株系的形态农艺性状近于小偃54,7号株系近于京411,10号株系的变异较大。不同基因型小麦及其杂交优选后代的光合特性与生育时期和衡量指标密切相关,Pn为分蘖期>抽穗期>灌浆期>拔节期,叶绿素含量为灌浆期>抽穗期>分蘖期>拔节期,ATP含量为灌浆期>拔节期>分蘖期>抽穗期,P700还原初始速率为灌浆期>抽穗期>拔节期>分蘖期,各生育期间的Fv/Fm无明显差异。小麦光合特性的超亲优势随生育时期而异,杂交优选后代10号株系的Pn和Chl在灌浆期有超亲优势,ATP含量在抽穗期有超亲优势,SLW和P700还原初始速率介于两亲本间。杂交优选后代株系10号聚合了Pn、Chl和ATP含量的超亲优势,其光合特性优于两亲本,而6号劣于两亲本,7号介于两亲本之间。  相似文献   

9.
以上海种植的小偃54和京411及其杂交后代稳定优选株系6号、7号和10号为材料,通过测定抽穗期剑叶的毫秒延迟发光(ms-DLE)和不同生育期倒数第1片功能叶的光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、比叶重(SLW)、Fv/Fm、ATP含量和P700还原初始速率来分析其光合特性的动态变化,为小麦育种选择中改善光合性能提供理论依据和技术途径。结果表明,小麦杂交优选后代6号株系的形态农艺性状近于小偃54,7号株系近于京411,10号株系的变异较大。不同基因型小麦及其杂交优选后代的光合特性与生育时期和衡量指标密切相关,Pn为分蘖期>抽穗期>灌浆期>拔节期,叶绿素含量为灌浆期>抽穗期>分蘖期>拔节期,ATP含量为灌浆期>拔节期>分蘖期>抽穗期,P700还原初始速率为灌浆期>抽穗期>拔节期>分蘖期,各生育期间的Fv/Fm无明显差异。小麦光合特性的超亲优势随生育时期而异,杂交优选后代10号株系的Pn和Chl在灌浆期有超亲优势,ATP含量在抽穗期有超亲优势,SLW和P700还原初始速率介于两亲本间。杂交优选后代株系10号聚合了Pn、Chl和ATP含量的超亲优势,其光合特性优于两亲本,而6号劣于两亲本,7号介于两亲本之间。  相似文献   

10.
Summary The characterization of photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield and yield components was compared between two newly developed CMS cotton hybrids (H1, H2) and their parents, as well as currently planted hybrid and conventional cultivars (C1, artificially produced hybrid CCRI 29 and C2, conventional cultivar CCRI 12) under the field condition. The results showed that Pn, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII and qP of hybrids was significantly higher than that of C1 and C2. Furthermore, heterosis was found on photosynthetic parameters in hybrids over their parents at the first four growth stages, while only heterosis over mean of parents (HOMP) was detected in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It was clearly shown that one male-sterile line M2 was higher than the hybrids in Fv/Fm, ΦPSII and qP over all growth stages. Significantly positive correlations (P < 0.01) were found between LAI or Yield and Pn, Cs, Tr, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, or qP, while significantly negative correlations between Ci and LAI or Yield, and no significance between qN and Chl a, Cs and qP were found. It was concluded that CMS hybrid cottons showed better potential to maintain relatively higher photosynthetic ability during the growth, which contributes to the increased lint yield.  相似文献   

11.
Wheat reduced height (Rht) genes encode modified DELLA proteins, which are gibberellin insensitive, accumulate under stress, restrain growth and affect plant stress response. The seedling reaction to soil water deficit regarding leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was compared in near‐isogenic lines carrying the alleles Rht‐B1a (tall), Rht‐B1b (semi‐dwarfing) and Rht‐B1c (dwarfing) and was related to leaf water content and anatomy. Under drought, Rht‐B1c line was characterized by less decreased CO2 assimilation, delayed non‐stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and higher instantaneous water use efficiency. The functional state of its photosynthetic apparatus was better preserved as evidenced by the less decreased actual quantum yield (ΦPSII) and potential maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of PSII, and the less increased quantum yield of non‐regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO). Rht‐B1b line also tended to perform better than Rht‐B1a, but differences were less pronounced. Although the leaves of both dwarf lines were smaller, thicker and more pubescent, their water content was not higher in comparison with the tall line. Nevertheless, in Rht‐B1c, leaf thickness was less decreased and mesophyll cells were less shrunk under drought. The more effective performance of the photosynthetic machinery of dwarf lines under water deficit could be explained by a combination of morpho‐anatomical and metabolic characteristics.  相似文献   

12.
Tomato cultivars differ in their sensitivity to heat stress, and the sensitivity depends on the developmental stage of the plants. It is less known how heat stress affects tomato at the anthesis stage in terms of leaf physiology and fruit set and whether the ability of tomato to tolerate heat at different developmental stages is linked. To investigate photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics, carbohydrate content and fruit set during heat stress, a thermo‐tolerant cultivar (‘LA1994’) and a thermo‐sensitive cultivar (‘Aromata’) were studied at the seedling and anthesis stage. The photosynthetic parameters, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content and fruit set were determined in plants grown at 26/18 °C (control) and 36/28 °C (heat stress). The physiological responses including net photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm decreased in ‘Aromata’ at both developmental stages during heat stress, whereas they were unaltered in ‘LA1994’ during heat stress as compared to the respective control. This was accompanied by lower contents of glucose and fructose in mature leaves of ‘Aromata’ at the seedling stage under heat stress. In contrast, the glucose content increased while the fructose content was unaltered in mature leaves of ‘LA1994’ at the seedling stage under heat stress. High temperature induced a similar change in carbohydrate content in the young leaves of both cultivars at anthesis. The fructose and sucrose content were unaffected in the mature leaves of ‘Aromata’ but significantly increased in ‘LA1994’ under heat stress at anthesis. The heat stress treatment decreased pollen viability and inhibited fruit set due to flower wilting and abnormal abscission in ‘Aromata’, whereas fruit set was not inhibited in ‘LA1994’. A decrease in chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and carbohydrate content in the mature leaves of tomato could be related to fruit set failure at high temperature. The results show that physiological responses to heat stress at the seedling stage correspond with the responses at the anthesis stage, demonstrating that screening for heat stress sensitivity can be carried out in young plants.  相似文献   

13.
Combined effects of temperature and light quality on plants have received little attention. We investigated the single and interactive effects of temperature and light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of four canola (Brassica napus) cultivars – Clearfield 46A76 (cv1), Clearfield 45H72 (cv2), Roundup Ready 45H24 (cv3) and Roundup Ready 45H21 (cv4). Plants were grown under lower (24°/20 °C) and higher (30°/26 °C) temperature regimes at low red/far‐red (R/FR), normal R/FR and high R/FR light ratios in environment‐controlled growth chambers (16 h light/8 h dark). Higher temperature reduced stem height and diameter; leaf number and area; dry matter of all plant parts; and specific leaf weight, but increased leaf area ratio; and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (Y). Low R/FR increased stem height; Y; and ethylene, but decreased stem diameter; Fv/Fm; Chl a; Chl b; and carotenoids. Among cultivars, plants from cv4 were tallest with thickest stems and greatest dry matter. None of the main factors affected gas exchange. Higher temperature at high R/FR caused cv3 to be shortest, whereas lower temperature at low R/FR caused cv4 to be tallest. We conclude that heat and other stress factors will adversely affect sensitive crops, but tolerant genotypes should perform well under future climate.  相似文献   

14.
Thermotolerance acclimation of photosystem II to heat and drought is well documented, but studies demonstrating developmental impacts on heat tolerance in field‐grown plants are limited. Consequently, climatic variables, estimated canopy temperature, predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), and the temperature responses of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv/F0), quantum yield of electron transport (φEο) and efficiency of PSI electron acceptor reduction (REο/ABS) were characterized for Gossypium hirsutum at three sample times during the growing season (21 June, 2 July and 18 July 2013) under well‐watered conditions. The temperature decreasing a given photosynthetic parameter 15% from the optimum is referred to as T15 and served as a standardized measure of heat tolerance. Ambient and estimated canopy temperatures were well within the optimal range for cotton throughout the sample period, and leaves were verified well watered using ΨPD measurements. However, T15 varied with sample date (highest on July 2 for all parameters), being 2 °C (Fv/F0) to 5.5 °C (φEο) higher on July 2 relative to June 21, despite optimal temperature conditions and predawn leaf water potential on all sample dates. These findings suggest that even under optimum temperature conditions and water availability, heat tolerance could be influenced by plant developmental stage.  相似文献   

15.
Interspecific hybrids between Trifolium uniflorum and cultivated white clover (Trifolium repens) have highly useful characteristics for temperate pastoral systems derived from both parent species. However, the early hybrids (F1 and BC1) also have unacceptably poor seed production for commerce. This study analysed the basis for the poor seed production and investigated breeding strategies for overcoming the problem. The BC1F1 generation produced lower‐than‐expected numbers of heads per plant and seeds per floret. Backcrossing of selected hybrids to white clover corrected these deficiencies and created new variation. Seed numbers were also returned to near target levels by recurrent selection within the BC1 generation. Thus, it was possible to retain a theoretical average of 25% of T. uniflorum genome and still achieve high seed production per plant. The BC1F2 and BC2F1 generations produced high seed numbers per plant, along with reasonable variation. Both of these second‐generation hybrid forms have high reproductive potential and should be the focus for the selection of the desired combinations of agronomic and seed production traits.  相似文献   

16.
玉米自交系吐丝期叶片光合参数与其耐旱性的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
从玉米自交系吐丝期光合特性适应干旱环境的角度,探索玉米自交系的耐旱性。2012年在土默川平原灌区和河套平原灌区以及2013年河套平原灌区,利用耐旱性不同的51个玉米自交系,在吐丝期采取干旱胁迫处理,研究分析了叶片光合相关参数对干旱胁迫的响应及其与耐旱性的关系。结果表明,玉米自交系在吐丝期干旱胁迫与正常灌溉条件下Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Fv/Fm、ΦPSII和SPAD的相对值与其耐旱系数呈极显著正相关,WUE相对值与耐旱系数呈极显著负相关,而qN和qP的相对值与耐旱系数不相关;上述8个叶片光合参数与耐旱系数的逐步回归分析表明,Pn、WUE、Fv/Fm、ΦPSII和SPAD相对值与耐旱系数在0.01水平显著相关,Pn、WUE、SPAD相对值对耐旱系数有直接贡献,而Fv/Fm和ΦPSII对耐旱系数起间接作用。通过上述5个显著相关光合参数将两年三地表现一致的32份自交系的抗旱性分为3类,第1类8份(H201、H21、英64、吉842、早49、吉8415、东46和沈137)属于耐旱性强的;第2类15份属于耐旱性较强的;第3类9份属于耐旱性弱的,此结果与对应的自交系产量差异分类结果相一致。因此,玉米自交系吐丝期Pn、WUE、Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、SPAD的相对值和耐旱系数可作为其耐旱性评价指标。建立了3类耐旱性玉米自交系吐丝期Pn、WUE、Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、SPAD的相对值与耐旱系数的回归关系,并明确了其阈值范围。  相似文献   

17.
为明确不同类型水稻品种的响应规律,为水稻高产稳产、安全生产提供依据。在盆栽土培条件下,研究了5种1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)浓度(0、10、20、40、80 mg kg-1土)对2个水稻品种(宁粳1号,敏感;扬辐粳8号,耐性)灌浆期剑叶光合特性与产量的影响。结果表明,TCB的影响品种间差异显著。低浓度TCB (10 mg kg-1)下,扬辐粳8号的株高、鲜重和产量显著增加,叶绿素含量、净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率和qN略有升高,但与对照的差异不显著,而Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo略有下降;宁粳1号的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、ΦPSII、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qp和产量略有下降,气孔导度显著降低。在20 mg kg-1 TCB处理下,宁粳1号的光合参数、产量、株高、地上部和地下部鲜重均显著降低,而扬辐粳8号略有降低,表现出较强耐性;在中高浓度TCB (40 mg kg-1,80 mg kg-1)处理下,2个水稻品种的光合特性、株高、鲜重和产量均受显著抑制,且以宁粳1号的降幅较大。TCB对水稻光合特性与产量的影响不仅与其浓度有关,且存在显著品种差异,耐性水稻品种表现出低浓度TCB处理对其株高、鲜重、叶绿素含量、光合特性及其产量有一定的促进作用,在中高浓度TCB处理时表现出较强的耐性,受胁迫程度小  相似文献   

18.
Increasing productivity through improvement of photosynthesis in faba bean breeding programmes requires understanding of the genetic control of photosynthesis‐related traits. Hence, we investigated the gene action of leaf area, gas exchange traits, canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and biomass. We chose inbred lines derived from cultivars 'Aurora' (Sweden) and 'Mélodie' (France) along with an Andean accession, ILB 938, crossed them (Aurora/2 × Mélodie/2, ILB 938/2 × Aurora/2 and Mélodie/2 × ILB 938/2), and prepared the six standard generations for quantitative analysis (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, and B2). Gene action was complex for each trait, involving additive and dominance gene actions and interactions. Additive gene action was important for SPAD, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm. Dominance effect was important for biomass production. It is suggested that breeders selecting for productivity can maximize genetic gain by selecting early generations for canopy temperature, SPAD and Fv/Fm, then later generations for biomass. The information on genetics of various contributing traits of photosynthesis will assist plant breeders in choosing an appropriate breeding strategy for enhancing productivity in faba bean.  相似文献   

19.
High night temperature (HNT) can induce ethylene‐triggered reactive oxygen species production, which can cause premature leaf senescence and membrane damage, thereby affecting production, consumption and transfer of photosyn‐thates, and yield. The 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) can competitively bind with ethylene receptors and decrease ethylene effects. The objective was to determine the effects of HNT and 1‐MCP on leaf photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll fluorescence, total chlorophyll (TC), respiration, membrane damage, pollen germination, spikelet fertility (SF) and yield of rice hybrid ‘XL723’. Plants were grown under ambient night temperature (ANT) (25 °C) or HNT (30 °C) with or without 1‐MCP treatment. Application of 1‐MCP was at the boot stage. The decrease in yield (11 %) under HNT was associated with decreased PN (4 %), stomatal conductance (8 %), quantum yield (11 %) TC (23 %) and SF (5 %) and increased respiration (74 %), Fo/Fm (increase in thylakoid membrane damage; 11 %) and membrane damage (leaf electrolytic leakage; 57 %). The 1‐MCP‐treated plants grown under HNT showed increased yield (17 %), which was associated with increased PN (10 %), stomatal conductance (30 %), quantum yield (9 %), TC (37 %) and SF (11 %) and decreased respiration (39 %), Fo/Fm (5 %) and membrane damage (18 %). Plants grown under HNT showed increased grain chalkiness (154 %) compared with plants grown under ANT.  相似文献   

20.
大田遮阴对夏玉米光合特性和叶黄素循环的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
以郑单958和振杰2号为试验材料,大田条件下设置花粒期遮阴(S1)、穗期遮阴(S2)、全生育期遮阴(S3) 3个处理,遮光度为60%,以自然光照为对照,研究遮阴对夏玉米光合特性和叶黄素循环的影响。结果表明,遮阴后夏玉米产量显著降低,且遮阴时期对产量的影响表现为S3>S1>S2,郑单958和振杰2号的S3分别减产96.87%和90.78%。遮阴后叶片的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿体色素含量显著降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)较同期对照先降低后升高,即叶片光合作用的降低受到气孔与非气孔因素双重影响,2个供试品种变化一致。遮阴期间光合电子传递量子效率(ФPSII)降低,原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)显著升高,叶黄素循环库(A+Z+V)和脱环化状态(A+Z)/(A+Z+V)升高,即在长期遮阴条件下叶片捕获的光能分配发生了变化,光合电子传递的能量占吸收光能的比例降低,叶黄素循环的启动辅助过剩光能的热耗散。遮阴结束初期(A+Z)/(A+Z+V)和NPQ迅速升高,说明光恢复初期叶片对弱光适应后的自然光照比较敏感,叶黄素循环增强抑制强光对光合机构的破坏。  相似文献   

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