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1.
切花葱种球价格昂贵,目前通常一个种球的市场售价在20~38元之间。为了建立切花葱高效再生体系,以Lucy Ball和His Excellency两个切花葱品种为试验材料,研究了灭菌时间及灭菌剂浓度、外植体的选择、不同激素配比等因素对切花葱再生的影响。结果表明,最佳的灭菌方法为4%次氯酸钠处理20 min,污染率仅为18.2%,利用率达到了81.8%;最佳外植体为幼叶尖端,平均诱导率为92.6%;诱导不定芽直接再生效果最好的培养基为MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.2 mg/L,两个切花葱品种的诱导率分别为His Excellency85.71%,Lucy Ball 90.00%;最佳的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IBA,生根率为41.67%。通过该方法即可利用切花葱幼叶尖端经直接再生途径诱导出新植株。 相似文献
2.
The genus Allium includes several important vegetable and ornamental species, and is an economically important crop. The objective of this study was to determine the mode of reproduction in A. senescens L. (2n=6x= 48) and two Allium species collected in Korea. Chromosome numbers of embryo sac mother cells (EMCs) at diplotene of meiosis were 2n = 48 and unreduced in A. senescens. However, normal sexual reproduction was observed at diplotene in both A. senescens var. minor (2n = 2x= 16) and A. nutans L. (2n=4x= 32). Parthenogenetic embryogenesis also occurred in A. senescens at high frequencies among the three Allium species. Antipodal embryos in A. nutans were formed in unpollinated flowers. Normal seeds were not formed in flowers of A. senescens that had been emasculated and kept in sealed conditions. However, normal seeds were formed in the flowers that were pollinated 2 days after anthesis. In conclusion, diplospory, parthenogenesis, and pseudogamy occur in A. senescens. 相似文献
3.
洋葱愈伤原生质体分离和纯化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立高效原生质体分离和植株再生体系是进行体细胞杂交的基础性工作。以洋葱多次继代的愈伤组织为研究试材,对原生质体分离纯化技术进行研究。结果表明：2.0%纤维素酶Onozuka R-10+0.1%果胶酶Y-23+0.5%离析酶 R-10+0.60 mol/L甘露醇+CPW+0.1% MES的酶液,酶解6 h,洋葱原生质体分离效果最好。纯化时,适当降低离心力的短时间离心有利于原生质体纯化过程中产量和活力的保持,以600 r/min离心5 min效果为好。 相似文献
4.
为研究洋葱愈伤诱导体系建立问题,对洋葱种子幼苗、鳞茎盘、幼嫩花序不同组织进行愈伤诱导,同时对愈伤组织进行继代培养和发芽诱导筛选。结果表明,12份洋葱种子材料未诱导出愈伤组织,12份洋葱球的鳞茎盘只有‘早春黄3号（不育系）’诱导出愈伤组织;22份洋葱花序在黑暗条件进行愈伤诱导,诱导率为100%,说明洋葱不同组织对愈伤的诱导发生存在差异,洋葱幼嫩花序培养基诱导率100%,说明洋葱最佳诱导愈伤的组织为幼嫩花序。对不同材料愈伤进行继代培养,‘早春黄3号（不育系）’和‘黄金大玉葱’愈伤生长最快;利用液体培养基进行继代培养,能够快速、高效扩繁愈伤组织。选用27份不同梯度组合的培养基对愈伤组织进行出苗诱导,在光照条件下,开始会有绿色组织形成,全部诱导出根,均未诱导出苗。石蜡切片观察外植体诱导愈伤和继代培养愈伤无差异,再生培养基诱导后有根形态形成。说明不同成分的培养基诱导洋葱愈伤组织,其内部促进生根的激素增加,导致根的诱导发生。通用型洋葱愈伤组织的诱导形成,为不同基因型的洋葱诱导出苗、生根奠定材料基础,对洋葱基因编辑等技术应用具有促进作用。 相似文献
5.
Segregation studies following the transfer of the gene wi to different cytoplasm types, which have been distinguished by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses using mitochondrial gene probes, revealed the formation of the wi‐sterility in each of the four cytoplasms examined. The male sterility is therefore only caused by the nuclear wi gene, i.e. an additional factor of a specific cytoplasm can be excluded. Hence, the wi‐sterility proved to be a genic male sterility (GMS) and not a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The expression of the wi‐sterility appears to be stable, since it is not affected by high temperatures or tetracycline. Accordingly, a temporary pollen production, which would allow self‐fertilization for the maintenance of sterile lines, cannot be induced by controlling these environmental factors. In terms of hybrid breeding, this GMS therefore has no advantage over the previously described CMS system. 相似文献
6.
为评价不同来源洋葱品种的营养品质,筛选出营养物质含量丰富的种质资源,对30份洋葱品种进行紧实度、干物质含量、可溶性固形物含量和丙酮酸含量测定,利用相关性分析和模糊数学的隶属函数法对不同的洋葱品种进行营养品质的综合分析。结果表明,30份洋葱材料紧实度、干物质含量、可溶性固形物含量和丙酮酸含量存在一定的差异性,其中紧实度的变异系数最小,丙酮酸含量的变异系数最大。另外,发现干物质含量与可溶性固形物含量和丙酮酸含量存在着极显著或显著的关系。在30份洋葱材料中,‘不育系A1’的综合品质最优,为洋葱品质育种提供了材料基础。 相似文献
7.
The inheritance ot nine isozyme systems in selfed progenies of chives was studied elcctrophoretically. The isozyme systems studied were malate-dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), triosephosphate-isomerase (TP1), diaphorase (D1A), menadione-reductase (MDR), esterase (EST), glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase (GOT), hexokinase (HK) and superoxide-dismutase (SOD). Segregation results of Goodness-of-Fit tests against the expected 1:2:1 and 3 : 1 ratios for codominant and dominant inheritance, respectively, led to the identification of 16 isozyme loci whose banding patterns are given in this paper. The first results on linkage relationships between isozyme loci and between the Mdr-3-locus and a male sterility gene are given. These results and further studies will be used to mark important characters in chives. 相似文献
8.
Allium roylei Stearn and both reciprocals of the interspecific hybrid between Allium cepa L. and A. roylei displayed no symptoms of Peronospora destructor (Berk.) Casp. after artificial or natural inoculations, whereas A. cepa was susceptible. In the offspring from the backcross A. cepa× (A. roylei ×A. cepa) resistant and susceptible plants segregated after artificial inoculations, fitting a 1: 1-ratio. This suggests that resistance is controlled by a single, dominantly-inherited locus (designated Pd1) from the nuclear genome of A. roylei. During a severe epidemic in the field, plants from the same backcross segregated resistant and susceptible individuals in a 3: 1-ratio. Escapes may explain the deviation from the 1: 1-segregation, but the presence of a second resistance locus segregating independently from Pd1 cannot be excluded, implicating possible differences in virulence between populations of P. destructor. The occurrence in the backcross offspring of plants having a morphology similar to A. cepa without showing symptoms of downy mildew opens perspectives for breeding P. destructor-resistant onion varieties. 相似文献
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11.
Variation of gynogenesis ability in onion (Allium cepa L.) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Onion varieties from Northern-Europe, Eastern-Europe, Southern-Europe and the U.S. including populations, inbreds, synthetics
and clones were tested for their gynogenesis ability for three years: 1993-1995. Embryos were induced in Petri dishes using
in vitro culture of flower buds. Embryo rate, regeneration rate, survival rate, embryo quality and ploidy level of regenerants
are described. Important genotype and variety effects are pointed out; embryo production and plant regeneration ranged from
0 to 17% and from 0 to 11% of inoculated flowers, respectively. Highest results were obtained with inbreds and synthetics
for embryo production as well as for plant regeneration. Populations expressed various responses which were generally low.
Geographic origin and year effects were covered by the effects of genetic structure of varieties and specific genotype of
donor plant. Among regenerants, 80% were haploid and 13% were spontaneous diploid. No relation has been found between general
quality and ploidy level of regenerants. The choice of plant material for successful gynogenesis in onion is discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
通过测定Vc、叶绿素含量变化并结合外观变化,研究了小根蒜提取物对香椿保鲜效果的影响。结果表明：小根蒜提取物对香椿具有显著的保鲜效果,可以延长保鲜期7天以上。小根蒜水提物可以显著降低香椿的腐烂率,抑制Vc含量的下降,贮藏28天香椿的完好率仍维持在89.6%,Vc保持率为49.4%。小根蒜醇提物与6-BA复配可有效降低香椿的脱叶率和失重率,延缓叶绿素的降解,贮藏28天脱叶率为20.3%,失重率和叶绿素损失率分别为3.8%和5.3%。以小根蒜提取物作为天然蔬菜保鲜剂具有巨大的开发潜力。 相似文献
13.
Regenerating calluses of Allium fistulosum × A. cepa interspecific F1 hybrids were treated in vitro with colchicine. A factorial experiment was designed to test the effects of colchicine concentration
and time on the recovery of tetraploid plants from in vitro-colchicine-treated calluses. Shoot production of regenerating
calluses following in vitro colchicine treatment decreased with increasing colchicine concentration and treatment time. Cytological
analyses of root tip cells from regenerated plantlets showed that chromosomes of control plantlets (not treated with colchicine)
were not doubled. Chromosome number of some plantlets regenerated from in vitro-colchicine-treated calluses were doubled,
resulting in tetraploids. Calluses treated with 0.1 or 0.2% colchicine in BDS liquid medium for 48 or 72 hours yielded the
highest numbers of tetraploid plantlets. Chromosome bridges at anaphase or early telophase were observed in diploid and tetraploid
plants; their potential use is discussed. These results demonstrate that in vitro-colchicine treatment of regenerating calluses
of interspecific F1 hybrids is effective in recovering tetraploid plants.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
不同贮藏年份实葶葱种子活力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同贮藏年份的实葶葱种子为试验材料,研究在常温条件下贮藏1～7年的实葶葱种子活力和形态特征的变化.结果表明:实葶葱种子在当年收获到第3年之间的发芽力较高,其中贮藏3年种子的发芽率最高,为85.33％;随贮藏时间的延长,实葶葱种子的发芽力有不同程度的下降.其种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈现下降趋势;其发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,与贮藏时间呈显著相关关系.实葶葱种子的形态与种子活力之间无相关性,种子的形态不影响种子的活力;总之,试验结果可以看出,当年收获的种子存在休眠现象,贮藏2～3年种子的发芽力较高,实葶葱种子寿命为5年,常温贮藏5年以下的种子活力低,已经失去种用价值. 相似文献
15.
护色处理对薤白茎叶叶绿素含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以提高薤白贮藏保鲜过程茎叶叶绿素含量为目的,探讨了Zn(CH3COO)2浓度(A)、冷激时间(B)和贮藏温度(C)等3个自变量对薤白保鲜贮藏过程中茎叶叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,对薤白贮藏保鲜过程中茎叶叶绿素含量影响最大的是Zn(CH3COO)2,其次是冷激时间,贮藏温度的影响相对较小,茎叶叶绿素含量最高的优因素水平组合为600mg/LZn(CH3COO)2、冷激3h、3℃贮藏,贮藏15天的薤白茎叶叶绿素含量保留率为94.98%。 相似文献
16.
The possibility of producing gynogenetic plants with pollen inactivated by irradiation was explored for the onion (Allium cepa L.). Two successive experiments included the use of cytoplasmic male sterility, recessive nuclear markers in the female plants and pollen irradiation of 150 Gy. Pollinations were achieved with the aid of flies and all seeds were harvested without the use of embryo rescue. Plantlets with recessive characters could be detected and they contained haploid and diploid cells. The development of these plantlets until flowering was observed under agronomic conditions. The use of doubled haploid (DH) plants in onion breeding is discussed. 相似文献
17.
为明晰多籽蒜种子的休眠类型和解除休眠的方法,研究了机械处理和4种化学物质对多籽蒜种子萌发的影响.结果表明:砂纸摩擦处理种子萌发率极显著高于对照;4种化学物质在一定浓度范围内表现为低浓度促进、高浓度抑制种子萌发,最佳处理浓度分别为150 mg/L GA3、5 mg/L 6-BA、0.1 mg/L SA、300 mg/L PG;提高种子萌发率的作用由大到小依次为:6-BA＞SA＞GA3 ＞PG;多籽蒜种子的休眠是由种皮障碍和因胚尚未完成生理成熟引起的胚生理休眠共同引起的混合休眠,可以通过机械处理和一定浓度的化学物质调控后解除种子休眠,提高种子萌发率. 相似文献
18.
Zygotic embryos of leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) were isolated from mature seeds of different cultivars, selfings and full-sib families. The embryos were cultured on callus induction and shoot regeneration medium and employed to study several parameters: percentage of embryos forming calluses, percentage of embryos forming compact calluses, callus weight, percentage of regenerating calluses, numbers of shoot primordia and numbers of regenerated shoots. Differences between cultivars and selfings were found for most parameters studied. For all cultivars all parameters, except callus weight, decreased after one generation of selfing. Compact callus types enhanced primordia formation and shoot regeneration. Genetic characteristics of callus development and plant regeneration were studied in a 4 × 4 diallel cross. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between full-sib families. The diallel analysis showed that additive gene effects were significant for all parameters. The predominance of additive gene effects indicated high narrow-sense heritability. Breeding for an increased number of regenerated shoots was successful. 相似文献
19.
蒙古韭叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏好性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为分析蒙古韭叶绿体基因组密码子的使用模式,本研究通过高通量测序获得了蒙古韭叶绿体基因组序列,从中筛选出52条蛋白编码序列(codingsequence,CDS),利用CodonW 1.4.2和在线软件CUSP进行密码子使用模式及偏好性成因分析.结果显示,蒙古韭叶绿体基因组的有效密码子数(effective number... 相似文献
20.
应用ISSR标记对32份洋葱种质资源的遗传多样性进行了分析。从31个ISSR引物中筛选出4条扩增产物条带清晰、多态性高的引物,在32份资源样品中共扩增出39条带,其中31条带为多态性位点,平均每个引物扩增的多态带数为7.75条,多态性条带比率（PPB）为79.48%。资源间的遗传相似系数在0.552~0.960之间,具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。ISSR聚类分析表明,在L取值为D=0.68时,可将32份洋葱资源分成5类：第一类包括18份种质资源,主要以Yellow Sweet Spanish系统为主;第二类包括1份种质资源,为Bejo Daytona;第三类包括3份种质资源,为Yellow Globe系统;第四类包括9份种质资源,为Yellow globe danvers系统;第五类包括1份种质资源,为Yellow Danvers system系统。较好地揭示了洋葱种质资源间的遗传多样性与亲缘关系,可为洋葱遗传育种和杂交亲本选择提供科学依据。 相似文献