首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 430 毫秒
1.
The influence of exogenously applied glycinebetaine (0, 50 and 100 m m ) as a foliar spray at different growth stages, i.e. vegetative, reproductive or both at the vegetative and reproductive stages on gas exchange characteristics, glycinebetaine (GB) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was examined in plants of two maize cultivars, Golden and C-20 grown under saline conditions. Salt stress caused a marked decrease in photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll contents and SOD activity in both maize cultivars. However, activities of CAT and POD remained almost unchanged in both maize cultivars under salt stress. Accumulation of GB increased with an increase in exogenous level of GB, i.e. 100 m m GB spray caused a greater accumulation of GB in the leaves of maize plants than did 0 or 50 m m . Although exogenously applied GB enhanced photosynthetic capacity of salt-stressed plants of both cultivars, it enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and POD, in salt-stressed plants of cv. C-20 only. Overall, the adverse effects of salt stress on maize plants were alleviated by the exogenous application of GB at different growth stages, which up-regulated photosynthetic capacity and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes.  相似文献   

2.
Influence of sudden and gradual drought stress (DS) and foliar‐applied glycinebetaine (GB) on growth, water relations, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant defence system were investigated in the plants of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, that is, drought‐tolerant Shaandan 9 (S9) and drought‐sensitive Shaandan 911 (S911). Sudden DS caused less accumulation of GB and free proline, but a more accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), which resulted in a greater reduction in leaf relative water content (RWC) and dry matter (DM) in both cultivars compared with the gradual DS. Exogenous GB application caused a rise in DM, RWC, contents of GB and free proline as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and POD along with a decline in MDA content to various extent in both cultivars under both types of DS. A more pronounced effectiveness of GB application was observed in S911 than that in S9 under the same type of DS. It seemed that the more serious damage of DS was on maize plants, and the better positive role of GB was observed in terms of mitigating the adverse effects of DS. From this study, it was possible to propose that hardening for drought resistance by gradual DS treatment and GB application are effective to make plants robust to thrive under water‐deficit conditions.  相似文献   

3.
玉米是对干旱比较敏感的粮食作物,不同品种应对干旱胁迫的能力存在差异。以6个普通玉米品种为材料,在北京市郊区大田条件下,采用裂区设计,以灌溉处理为对照,分析干旱处理对不同玉米品种叶片光合速率（Pn）和抗氧化特性及产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,干旱处理下不同品种玉米Pn降低幅度为京农科728（15.63%）相似文献   

4.
黄淮主产区冬小麦生育期干旱灾害发生频繁,造成小麦苗期严重光合生理伤害。为探讨不同小麦品种光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应,以百农207,周麦18以及小麦新品种郑麦1860为材料,研究了干旱胁迫对不同品种小麦幼苗光合生理、抗氧化物酶、相关基因表达水平的影响以及外源ALA的干旱缓解作用。研究结果表明,干旱胁迫下郑麦1860具有较高的根干重和根冠比,与周麦18相比,抗旱能力较强的郑麦1860和百农207叶绿素含量的下降幅度、MDA含量的增加幅度、叶绿素荧光参数和光合作用参数的下降幅度相对较低,但SOD和CAT酶活性的增加幅度相对较大。同时,干旱胁迫显著增加了CAT、SOD-Cu/Zn、MnSOD和FeSOD抗氧化酶相关基因的转录表达水平,且增加程度与小麦的抗旱能力密切相关。外源ALA预处理能够通过对CAT、SOD-Cu/Zn和MnSOD的转录诱导,进一步提高干旱胁迫下SOD和CAT酶的活性,降低膜脂过氧化损伤程度,同时提高ATP酶的活性,缓解干旱对小麦光合生理的伤害。此外,本研究首次发现,小麦叶绿体光合机构相关psb28基因转录表达的维持也与不同品种的抗旱能力有一定联系,且受外源ALA预处理的显著诱...  相似文献   

5.
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a plant‐signalling molecule, is involved in an array of plant development and the defence responses. This study was conducted to explore the role of exogenous MeJA application in alleviating the adversities of drought stress in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill.). Soybean plants were grown under normal conditions until blooming and were then subjected to drought by withholding irrigation followed by foliar application of (50 μm ) MeJA. Drought stress substantially suppressed the yield and yield‐related traits, whereas it accelerated the membrane lipid peroxidation. Nonetheless, substantial increase in activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), proline, relative water contents (RWC) with simultaneous decrease in membrane lipid peroxidation was observed in MeJA‐treated plants under drought. These beneficial effects led to improvement in biological and grain yield, and harvest index under drought. Interestingly, MeJA application was also useful under well‐watered conditions. These results suggest the involvement of MeJA in improving the drought tolerance of soybean by modulating the membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities.  相似文献   

6.
Brassinolides (BRs) are naturally occurring substances, which modulate plant growth and development events and have been known to improve the crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this study, possible role of exogenously applied brassinolide (BR) in alleviating the detrimental effects of drought in maize was evaluated in a rain‐protected wire‐house. Maize was subjected to drought at the start of tasseling for 6 days by withholding water application followed by foliar spray of BR (0.1 mg l?1) to assess the changes in growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll contents, protein, relative leaf water contents (RLWC), proline, malonialdehyde (MDA) and enzymatic antioxidants. Drought substantially reduced the maize growth in terms of plant height, leaf area and plant biomass. Moreover, substantial decrease in gas exchange attributes (net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) and intercellular CO2 (Ci) was also recorded. However, exogenous application of BR remarkably improved the gas exchange attributes, plant height, leaf area, cobs per plant, seedling dry weight both under drought and well‐watered conditions. BR‐induced promotion in growth and physiological and metabolic activities were mediated through increased protein synthesis enabling maintenance of tissue water potential and activities of antioxidant enzymes lowering the lipid peroxidation under drought.  相似文献   

7.
Cd胁迫对2种基因型番茄幼苗活性氧清除系统的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
为了探明Cd对不同基因型番茄活性氧清除系统影响的基因型差异,利用人工气候箱内水培的方法,测定了0,15,30 mg/L Cd处理对2种基因型番茄（高积累型‘以色列189’,低积累型‘合作903’）幼苗活性氧清除系统的影响。结果表明,Cd处理对番茄活性氧清除系统影响显著,且因品种、部位及酶而不同：高Cd积累品种‘以色列189’茎叶POD、CAT随Cd浓度增加而显著增加,并显著高于低Cd积累品种‘合作903’,而‘合作903’则有降低趋势;茎叶SOD都是先增加后降低。通过分析,发现‘以色列189’防卫酶对Cd耐性强于‘合作903’,SOD对Cd耐性不如POD和CAT。‘以色列189’因其较强的抗氧化能力及GSH含量,在高积累前提下,没有产生过多的脂质过氧化产物TBARS。  相似文献   

8.
Water deficit is perhaps the most severe threat to sustainable crop production in the conditions of changing climate. Researchers are striving hard to develop resistance against water deficit in crop plants to ensure food security for the coming generations. This study was conducted to establish the role of fulvic acid (FA) application in improving the performance of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) under drought. Maize plants were grown under normal conditions till tasselling and were then subjected to drought by cessation of water followed by foliar application of FA (1.5 mg l?1). Drought stress disrupted the photosynthetic pigments and reduced the gas exchange leading to reduction in plant growth and productivity. Nonetheless, exogenous FA application substantially ameliorated the adversities of drought by sustaining the chlorophyll contents and gas exchange possibly by enhanced levels of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) activities and proline. These beneficial effects yielded in terms of plant growth and allometry, and grain yield. It is interesting to note that FA application also improved the crop performance under well‐watered conditions. Hence, FA may be applied to improve the crop performance under drought and well‐watered conditions.  相似文献   

9.
Silicon (Si) can increase plant defence systems against abiotic and biotic stress, but there is little information on UV‐B radiation stress alleviation by Si for field crops. Using soybean (Glycine max (L.) Mell) seedlings, we determined how Si may mediate UV‐B radiation stress by studying changes in biomass, physiological attributes and antioxidants’ activities. The seedlings were raised with 0, 1.70 and 2.55 mm of Si in the growth chamber under ambient, ambient +2.7 kJ m?2 day and ambient +5.4 kJ m?2 day of UV‐B radiation. As expected, plants suffered severe growth limitations under UV‐B radiation, but Si alleviated these limitations through improvements in leaf area (LA) and root‐to‐shoot ratio (R/S). The UV‐B radiation stress reduced the LA by 73.9–94.7%, total dry weight (TDW) by 11.8–36.6% and R/S by 9.2–30.2% but induced the activities of soluble protein by 18.4–21.0%, catalase (CAT) by 22.7–54.2%, superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 31.9–63.1%, and peroxidases (POD) by as much as 162.9–381.6%. Further confirmation of stress alleviations by Si was noted from reductions in these stress signals (antioxidant activities) under UV‐B radiation: CAT decreased significantly by 78.3–79.4%, SOD by 5.3–7.2% and POD by 49.9–61.9% in silicon‐treated UV‐B stressed soybean.  相似文献   

10.
不同灌水方式对水稻结实期一些生理性状和产量的影响   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
选用抗旱性不同的杂交水稻冈优527、D优363和汕优63,研究了旱种、湿润灌溉、“湿润灌溉（前期）+浅水灌溉（孕穗期）+干湿交替灌溉（抽穗至成熟期）”灌溉（简称C处理）和淹水灌溉4种灌水方式下,水稻结实期光合特征、渗透调节物质及保护性酶活性等生理性状变化和产量表现。结果表明,在C处理和湿润灌溉两种灌水方式下,剑叶的叶绿素含量高,叶片衰老缓慢,具有较高的净光合速率,且有利于可溶性糖和游离氨基酸等渗透调节物质的主动积累和保护性酶CAT、POD活性的提高,维持了细胞正常的代谢。而旱种下水稻剑叶叶绿素含量低,衰老快,净光合速率和气孔导度降低,渗透调节物质和保护性酶的变化水平对水分胁迫程度极为敏感。产量以C处理最高,湿润灌溉次之,旱种降低了产量构成各项因素,从而减产。试验表明,水稻叶片光合作用、渗透调节物质及保护性酶活性的变化幅度和产量与品种的抗旱性密切相关。  相似文献   

11.
采用盆栽试验, 以郑单958和丰单3号为材料, 研究了低温胁迫对玉米幼苗光合作用、叶绿素、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响, 以及聚糠萘合剂(PKN)的调控效果。结果表明, 低温胁迫下, 玉米幼苗的光合作用和光系统II光化学最大效率受到抑制; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低; 过氧化氢、超氧阴离子的产生速率及丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高。PKN处理提高了低温胁迫下玉米幼苗净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、光系统II光化学的最大效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量(Chl a+Chl b)。低温处理7 d, ZDTR和FDTR的Pn、Gs、Fv/Fm、Chl a+Chl b分别比各自的对照提高了88.95%和61.11%、593.33%和1 741.67%、111.50%和145.16%、36.61%和54.03%; PKN处理延缓了SOD、POD、CAT活性的降低, 低温胁迫7 d, PKN处理使郑单958和丰单3的SOD、POD、CAT活性分别比对照高了292.59%和632.98%、295.07%和360.54%、254.55%和265.45%; 同时降低了过氧化氢、超氧阴离子的产生速率及MDA的含量。表明PKN处理有利于提高玉米幼苗的抗冷性。  相似文献   

12.
[Objective] To improve knowledge of the remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil, and provide a theoretical and practical basis for breeding of cotton cultivars. [Method] Three cotton cultivars, namely 'C184', 'Xiangzamian15 (XZM 15)', and 'Xiang419', were used as materials for the study. We compared and analyzed the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, under treatment with different Cd concentrations. In addition, the Cd content of various plant organs and agronomic traits were assessed at all cotton growth stages. [Result] Antioxidant enzyme activity was inhibited by Cd treatment, especially that of POD. With increasing Cd concentration, the growth of cotton plants was restrained. The maximum inhibition on antioxidant enzyme activity and agronomic traits was attained at 5 mg·L－1 Cd stress. However, CAT activity was maintained under Cd stress. [Conclusion] XZM 15 showed superior tolerance and accumulation capability for Cd than the other cotton cultivars studied.  相似文献   

13.
Maize (Zea mays L. cv. 777) plants grown in hydroponic culture were treated with 50 μm CdSO4. Growth and metabolic parameters indicative of oxidative stress and antioxidant responses were studied in leaves of plants treated with Cd. Apart from increasing lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, supply of Cd suppressed growth, fresh and dry mass of plants and decreased the concentrations of chloroplastic pigments. The activities of catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) were increased in plants supplied 50 μm Cd. Localization of activities of isoforms of these enzymes (POD, APX and SOD) on native gels also revealed increase in the intensities of pre‐existing bands. Stimulated activities of CAT, POD, APX and SOD in maize plants supplied excess Cd do not appear to have relieved plants from excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is, therefore, concluded that supply of 50 μm Cd induces oxidative stress by increasing production of ROS despite increased antioxidant protection in maize plants.  相似文献   

14.
环境中水分含量变化对于生长期油菜的产量和品质影响极大。国内外研究表明,异源表达Sub1A基因具有提高水涝条件下植物的抗逆性和恢复生长的潜能。本研究以组成型表达Sub1A基因的甘蓝型油菜作为实验材料,测试了其在水浸胁迫30 d内的生长速度和抗氧化水平。结果表明,超表达株系在地上部分和地下部分的生物量积累速率均显著高于野生型油菜,在胁迫早期尤为明显,表现出响应水浸胁迫的优良表型。同时,抗氧化酶(SOD,POD,CAT和GPX)活性和胁迫响应基因的表达变化也基本一致,呈现出胁迫早期强,随着处理时间增加呈逐渐降低的趋势。以上结果说明超表达Sub1A基因可能通过提高细胞的抗氧化酶活性、提高胁迫响应基因的表达水平提升抗水浸胁迫能力。本研究将为深入研究外源表达Sub1A基因提高油菜抗水浸胁迫提供依据,并为抗涝油菜新品种的开发提供前期基础。  相似文献   

15.
吐丝期干旱胁迫对玉米生理特性和物质生产的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
以玉米品种郑单958 (抗旱性强)和陕单902 (抗旱性弱)为材料,采用抗旱池栽控水试验,研究了叶片光合特性、保护酶活性以及干物质转运对吐丝期干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明,在吐丝期干旱胁迫下2个品种产量分别降低39.10%和44.87%;叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)显著下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先升后降。PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际量子产额(ΦPSII)、光化学猝灭(qP)降低,非光化学猝灭(qN)升高;抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性先升高后降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量一直升高。说明吐丝期干旱胁迫增加了花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量(率)及其对籽粒转运的贡献率;但郑单958受干旱影响程度小于陕单902。说明抗旱品种郑单958具高抗氧化酶活性清除活性氧,使得膜脂过氧化程度轻,维持较高的光化学效率,延长叶片光合功能期,促进花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量对籽粒的贡献率。这可能是其在干旱胁迫下仍能获得较高产量的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

16.
为揭示小麦叶与非叶器官抗氧化系统对灌浆期高温胁迫的反应特征,探讨不同品种和不同器官耐热性差异机制,以小麦强耐热品种石家庄8号和弱耐热性品种河农341为材料,于灌浆期用塑料膜搭棚进行增温处理(花后第8天至第22天),研究高温胁迫对旗叶光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量、旗叶和非叶器官中丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。高温处理下,两品种Pn比正常温度下(对照)低18.7%~24.9%,叶绿素含量低5.7%~6.2%;旗叶、旗叶鞘、穗下节、颖片和籽粒的MDA含量和Pro含量均升高,其中MDA升高幅度为旗叶非叶器官,Pro升高幅度为非叶器官旗叶。旗叶、颖片、籽粒的SOD活性和旗叶、旗叶鞘、籽粒的CAT活性以及旗叶、旗叶鞘、颖片的POD活性在高温胁迫初期即诱导增强,而其他器官的抗氧化酶活性则在高温持续一段时间后诱导增强,之后随着高温的持续各器官抗氧化酶活性多表现为低于对照,高温解除后旗叶鞘、穗下节、颖片的SOD活性和旗叶、颖片、籽粒的POD活性有恢复迹象,高温对其他器官的SOD和POD活性以及所有器官的CAT活性造成不可逆影响;总体来看,非叶器官持续抗氧化能力和耐热性强于叶片。石家庄8号叶与非叶器官细胞膜稳定性、抗氧化酶活性均高于河农341,显示其整株耐热性强于河农341,这是石家庄8号在高温胁迫下产量下降幅度低于河农341的重要生理基础。因此认为,非叶器官在小麦适应灌浆期高温逆境中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

17.
朱丹 《中国农学通报》2014,30(15):292-297
为探讨Cd、水分单一及复合胁迫条件下对异叶天南星叶片伤害及其抗氧化酶活性的响应,研究并比较了不同浓度Cd (200、400、800 mmol/L)和水分胁迫（PEG6000模拟,浓度分别为10%、20%、40%）条件下异叶天南星叶片的丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)等抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：在单一、复合胁迫条件下,相对于对照来说,MDA含量呈上升趋势,SOD、POD、CAT整体呈现先升高后降低趋势。同时,对于比较同水平浓度下单一因子胁迫而言,复合胁迫MDA含量体现出协同效应,SOD、POD、CAT则体现协同或拮抗效应。  相似文献   

18.
为了研究镉抗性不同的水稻品种对镉胁迫的生理生化响应差异,采用水培法,以对镉胁迫相对敏感的水稻品种28占和对镉胁迫相对耐受的水稻品种黄粤占为材料,研究了0(蒸馏水,对照),0.05,0.10,0.20 mmol/L 4种不同镉胁迫浓度对该2个水稻品种种子萌发幼苗期的生物学性状、光合特性和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:不同镉胁迫处理浓度下,2个供试水稻品种28占和黄粤占的苗高、根长、幼苗鲜质量与幼苗干质量均随镉胁迫处理浓度的增大而减小,其中28占减小相对较显著;镉胁迫条件下,水稻叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均呈不同程度的下降趋势。耐镉水稻品种黄粤占Pn、Gs、Tr和Ci的下降均低于镉敏感型水稻品种28占;气孔限制百分率(Ls)呈增加趋势,且品种间差异不显著。随着镉胁迫处理浓度的增加,2个供试水稻品种28占和黄粤占的幼苗叶片叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,而MDA含量、SOD、POD和CAT等抗氧化酶的活性均随着镉胁迫处理浓度的升高而增大,且镉胁迫处理下黄粤占的MDA含量与各抗氧化酶活性较对照的相对增加值小于28占。结果表明,水稻品种黄粤占种子萌发幼苗期对镉胁迫具有较好的抗性。  相似文献   

19.
为了探讨外源NO供体(硝普钠, SNP)对水分亏缺下玉米叶片碳同化关键酶及抗氧化系统的影响及其调控机制, 在20% PEG-6000模拟水分亏缺胁迫下, 研究了SNP对玉米品种驻玉309幼苗叶片光合碳同化核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化/加氧酶(Rubisco)和Rubisco活化酶(RCA)活性及其基因表达、抗氧化酶活性及其同工酶谱变化的影响。结果表明, 在水分亏缺胁迫下, SNP显著上调玉米叶片rbc L、rbc S、rca β基因的相对表达量, 尤其是叶片rbc S基因的相对表达量增加1.86倍, 叶片Rubisco、RCA活性分别提高32.7%和14.67%; 叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及其同工酶谱带的宽度和亮度显著增强, 而ROS积累量明显降低。说明在PEG水分亏缺胁迫下, SNP能显著提升玉米幼苗叶片光合碳同化能力及抗氧化酶活性, 降低ROS积累及其对细胞膜造成的损伤, 提高玉米的抗干旱性。  相似文献   

20.
以玉米品种郑单958为材料,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫与复水条件下乙烯促进与抑制剂处理对春玉米生长、叶片保护酶系活性变化及其对膜脂过氧化作用的影响。结果表明：（1）乙烯利有利于控制玉米的株高,并提高轻度干旱条件下玉米的根重和生物量,而AgNO3（硝酸银）处理的玉米在轻度与重度干旱条件下,生物量明显降低。（2）乙烯利处理可明显抑制水分胁迫条件下玉米MDA（丙二醛）的合成,降低相对电导率,提高可溶性蛋白含量,而AgNO3处理的效果则与乙烯利刚好相反。（3）乙烯利处理可明显提高SOD（超氧化物酶）、CAT（过氧化氢酶）和POD（过氧化物酶）的活性,而AgNO3处理在一定程度上抑制SOD、CAT和POD的活性。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号