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1.
苦豆草生物碱对柳蓝叶甲的拒食作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究苦豆草生物碱对柳蓝叶甲取食的影响.结果表明:苦豆草生物碱总碱及其单体对柳蓝叶甲具有较强的拒食作用,且随着浓度的升高拒食作用增强.在选择性取食条件下,随着总碱处理浓度的升高,试虫对处理叶的取食量迅速下降;而对未处理叶的取食量没有显著的差异,但随着处理浓度的升高,总取食量明显下降.在供试的6种生物碱单体中,苦豆碱和槐胺碱对柳蓝叶甲的拒食活性较强.其中处理浓度为5 mg·mL-1时,在选择性取食条件下,苦豆碱的拒食率高达99.4%,而在非选择性取食条件下,则以槐胺碱的拒食活性较强,达91.7%. 相似文献
2.
《Fitoterapia》1999,70(3):269-274
The antifeedant activity of six diterpenes against the fourth instar nymphs and adults of Henosepilachna vigntioctopunctata was evaluated using a dual choice leaf disc bioassay. Caryoptin was the most effective antifeedant among the compounds tested. Andrographolide, wightionolide and 3-epicaryoptin did not deter feeding by adults. The possible relationship of structure to antifeedant activity is discussed. 相似文献
3.
4.
Salannobutyrolactone and its deacetylderivative were tested for insect antifeedant and growth regulatory activities against the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. Salannobutyrolactone was the most effective antifeedant. Desacetylsalannobutyrolactone increased larval duration and larval mortality. 相似文献
5.
室内测定了采自小陇山林区的53种植物样品的丙酮提取物对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫的生物活性,筛选出了对试虫拒食率在50%以上的植物样品12个,其中小果博落回丙酮提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食活性最高,拒食率为84.5%,拒食活性较高的还有麻叶荨麻、川楝、南蛇藤、大黄、苦楝、烟草、白头翁、曼陀萝、宽叶荨麻、沟腺大戟、毒芹,拒食率分别为73.7%、71.6%、64.5%、60.2%、58.2%、56.1%、55.9%、53.3%、52.8%、51.9%、51.2%。 相似文献
6.
Insect antifeedant and growth regulating activities of quassinoids from Samadera indica. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
T R Govindachari G N Krishna Kumari G Gopalakrishnan G Suresh S D Wesley T Sreelatha 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(5):568-571
Four quassinoids, indaquassin C (1), samaderins C (2), B (3) and A (4), isolated from the seeds and bark of Samadera indica, were tested for insect antifeedant and growth regulatory activities against the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. Indaquassin C was the most effective antifeedant. Samaderin C increased pupal duration and induced pupal mortality. 相似文献
7.
为比较羟基马桑毒素(tutin)及其衍生物(1,2,3)杀虫活性的差异,采用非选择性叶碟法分别测定其对试虫的拒食活性,采用比色法测定这4种化合物在亚致死剂量下(2.0mg·mL-1)粘虫的酯酶、2类保护酶和可溶性总糖在48h内的变化趋势.结果表明:在48h内的拒食活性衍生物2＞衍生物3＞衍生物1＞Tutin;Tutin、衍生物1和3可致粘虫的酯酶活性和可溶性总糖含量略升高,保护酶活性无明显变化;衍生物2可使试虫的酯酶活性,可溶性总糖含量和SOD活性显著升高.Tutin的2位羟基进行酰化加成改造后能显著提高其拒食活性,衍生物2是最优结构化合物. 相似文献
8.
Antifeedant constituents from Fagara macrophylla. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Analysis of the polar fractions of an EtOH extract obtained from the bark of the African medicinal plant Fagara macrophylla led to the isolation and identification of the alkaloids oblongine (6), tembetarine (7) and magnoflorine (8) and the flavonoid hesperidin (9). These compounds, together with other metabolites (1--5) previously isolated from F. macrophylla, were tested for antifeedant activity in a binary-choice bioassay. The acridone alkaloid xanthoxoline (4) was found to have a potent antifeedant activity against larvae of both Spodoptera frugiperda and S. littoralis. 1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-methyl-acridone (2), arborinine (3), tembetarine (7) and magnoflorine (8) were antifeedant against S. frugiperda. 相似文献
9.
Antifeedant activities of the isolated chemical compounds from Ajuga nipponensis, were studied against adult of striped leaf beetles. The methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts at 1.0 mg/ml, were used in this study. All four extracts exhibited more than 65 antifeedant index at 24 h
and ethyl acetate extract showed significant activity against striped leaf beetles with 83.12 antifeedant index. Six compounds
and one fraction were isolated by chromatography and their structures were identified by NMR, MS and FTIR spectra. At 2.0 mg/ml
for 24 h the three compounds 20-hydroxyecdysone, acacetin and apigenin showed considerable activities with antifeedant indexes
59.29, 51.22 and 61.55, respectively. In contrast to this the antifeedant indexes of acacetin and apigenin, were sharply reduced
as the time extended and that of 20-hydroxyecdysone remained unchanged. In addition, the synergistic effects of two mixtures
of secondary metabolites, were studied and no sharp difference was observed. 相似文献
10.
A novel compound, 8(17),12E,14-labdatrien-19-al (trans-communal), was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of young cones of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.). The chemical structure of the compound was determined mainly with various nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques. Its stereochemistry was determined by derivation to a known compound,trans-communol. In addition to this compound, four known compounds — ferruginol, chamaecydin, 12-hydroxy-6,7-seco-abieta-8,l 1,13-triene-6,7-dial, and frans-communic acid — were isolated. All isolated compounds were subjected to an antifeedant bioassay against the pest insectSpodoptera litura. Results of the bioassay showed that chamaecydin and 12-hydroxy-6,7-seco-abieta-8,11,13-triene-6,7-dial had antifeedant activity.Part of this report was presented at 45th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1995 相似文献
11.
The hexane extract and ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of the fruit pulp of Momordica dioica exhibited moderate and concentration dependent antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura. 相似文献
12.
The furano-lignan pinoresinol was toxic to fourth-instar larvae of the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus and of the haematophagous insect Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease. At lower doses, it also exerted antifeedant activity and dose-dependent antimoulting activity on both insects. 相似文献
13.
IntroductionChemicaldefenseisoneofanumberofwaysthatpIantsaredefendedfrommammalianherbivore.SuchchemicaldofenseinvolvestheelaborationandaccumuIationoforganicsubstanceswhenthepIanttissueiseaten.Thesubstancesmaybebittertasting,poisonous,oftenodour,orhaveantinutritionaIeffects.Thegreatmajorityofdeferentsubstancesaretheproductsofsecondarymetabolism.TheyrepresenttheammuIacationofendproductsfromarelativeIyIengthpathwayofenzyme-cataIyzedstepsinbio-synthesis.TheproductsarethenchannelIedwithinthepl… 相似文献
14.
Zhende Yang Boguang Zhao Lin Zhu Jie Fang Luqing Xia 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2006,1(2):190-195
Alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroids were bioassayed with Clostera anastomosis for their antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects. The antifeedant rate in choice test reached 62%–86% at the dose 2.5
mg/mL, while in non-choice bioassay the rate was only 20%–29%. In choice bioassay, the antifeedant rate increased with larval
instars of C. anastomosis and did not in non-choice experiment. The alkaloids also imposed a strong influence on the growth of C. anastomosis larvae, i.e., after feeding on the leaves treated with alkaloid, the larvae lost their weight, weight gain, and relative
growth rate (RGR) significantly when compared with the controls. In the second day after treatment with the dose at 10 mg/mL
of the alkaloid, the RGR reduced by 39.8%, and the food intake and the feces weight were respectively 57.7% and 57.4% of the
controls. The approximate digestibility (AD) increased significantly, and the efficiency in converting digested food (ECD),
and the efficiency in converting ingested food (ECI) decreased greatly after feeding the treated leaves. Moreover, the eggs
laid per female were also inhibited by this alkaloid. The significance and prospect of the alkaloids in controlling forest
insect pests were also discussed.
__________
Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(4) [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(4)] 相似文献
15.
Insecticidal activity and antifeedant effect of a new type biocide GCSC-BtA and its two reactants Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) crystal and Abamectin against third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L. (Lep., Plutellidae) were investigated using bioassays. GCSC-BtA showed significantly higher toxicity to P. xylostella with LC50 of 0.021 mg/ml than B.t. crystal with 0.060 mg/ml and Abamectin with 0.139 mg/ml in leaf-dip bioassay. Net leaf-dip test
gave LC50s of 0.073, 0.071 and 0.670 mg/ml for GCSC-BtA, B.t. crystal and Abamectin, respectively. The significant differences of the
biocide toxicities between leaf-dip and net leaf-dip methods showed the potential of net leaf-dip method for separating ingestion
and contact poisons. Variation in toxicity of the biocide and two reactants in net leaf-dip method and in mortality in topical
application bioassay showed that GCSC-BtA possessed a combination of strong stomach as well as contact poison property higher
than B.t. or Abamectin. GCSC-BtA indicated no fumigant and systemic toxicities, which the two reactants lacked. In the antifeedant
bioassay, GCSC-BtA acted as a strong antifeedant to the larvae of P. xylostella. Leaf consumption by the larvae after GCSC-BtA treatment was 0.04–0.60 mm2 with a concentration range of 0.04–4.00 mg/ml, which was lower than 0.26–1.02 and 0.04–6.47 mm2 for B.t. crystal and Abamectin, respectively. DC50 (concentration resulting in a deterrence index of 50%) value for GCSC-BtA was 0.089 mg/ml, which was also significantly lower
than 0.275 and 0.736 mg/ml for B.t. crystal and Abamectin, respectively. 相似文献
16.
Vicolides A–D (0.2–2000 ppm) from Pentanema indicum showed antifeedant activity against Euproctes fraterna and Pericallia ricini V stage larvae. 相似文献
17.
Antifeedant activity of some flavonoids and their related compounds against the subterranean termiteCoptotermes formosanus Shiraki was examined with nochoice tests and two-choice tests. The activities of these compounds were evaluated in relation to their chemical structures. All flavonoids tested showed antifeedant activity, whereas catechinic acid, possessing no A-ring or pyran ring in the molecule, showed feeding-preference activity. For the structure-activity relations, it was found that compounds containing two hydroxyl groups at C-5 and C-7 in A-rings showed high antifeedant activity. Furthermore, the presence of a carbonyl group at C-4 in the pyran rings of the compounds was necessary for the occurrence of high activity. 3-Hydroxyflavones and 3-hydroxyflavanones with 3,4-dihydroxylated B-rings exhibited higher activity than those with 4-hydroxylated B-rings.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999 相似文献
18.
Thirteen plants growing in Tunisia were tested against Spodoptera littoralis larvae. From the acetone extract of Ajuga pseudoiva leaves, showing interesting antifeedant activity, three new (1-3) and two known (4-5) active clerodane diterpenoids were isolated following a bioassay-guided chromatography. 相似文献
19.
Pathipati Usha Rani Joish Madhusudhanamurthy Bojja Sreedhar 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(1):191-200
The terpene compounds, α-pinene and linalool were formulated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) by a simple immersion method and the antifeedant activity of these formulations was evaluated against two major agricultural pests, the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura F.) and the castor semilooper (Achaea janata L.) in laboratory bioassays. The interaction between terpenes and SNPs, shelf-life, suspension stability as well as the bioactivity of the nanoformulations were also studied. Both these terpenes in their pure form are known to deter feeding in several lepidopterous insects. However, formulating these pure terpene compounds with nano silica enhanced their biological activity up to 25 times to S. litura. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of these nano botanical formulations indicated the presence of hydrogen bonding between terpenes and the surface of SNPs. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the higher aggregation property of the SNPs. Suspension studies validated the improved shelf-life of the nano-biocomposites, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the amorphous nature of formulations and no crystalline impurities. Adsorption of α-pinene and linalool onto SNPs resulted in an effective formulation that enhanced the antifeedant potential of the individual terpenes against insects while producing longer shelf-life for the terpenes. 相似文献
20.
R.T.Gahukar 《林业研究》2010,21(2):231-238
讨论了苦楝树和其他热带树种天然产品在印度森林病虫害防治中的生物功效。这些树木产品可起到拒食素、防护剂、不育诱导剂、毒素等作用,可以调控害虫生长,具有效力高、价格低廉和对环境无公害的特点。将这些树木产品整合到森林虫害管理策略中,会增强森林的可持续性,防止木材质量衰退。表3参61。 相似文献