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4种土壤调理剂改良红壤铝毒害的效果研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在温室条件下,采用植物盆栽试验,研究4种土壤调理剂不同施用量对酸性红壤铝毒害的缓解效果。结果表明,4种土壤调理剂均显著降低土壤中交换性铝含量及毒害性铝含量,显著提高玉米株高、生物量;各处理土壤中交换性铝含量与玉米株高及生物量之间呈显著相关性。牡蛎壳、白云石、钾长石、麦饭石4种土壤调理剂0.2%的施用量土壤交换性铝分别比对照下降了63.8%、70.5%、53.0%、12.3%;0.4%的施用量土壤交换性铝分别比对照下降了90.5%、92.0%、80.5%、23.4%。土壤中交换性铝、毒害性铝的含量随着4种土壤调理剂的施用量增加而降低,土壤中毒害性铝含量由低到高依次为白云石、牡蛎壳、钾长石、麦饭石。 相似文献
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利用3年田间定位试验,研究了不同施肥结构对酸性黄棕壤酸性、交换性能以及微生物区系的影响。结果表明:连年施用有机肥以及配施石灰和白云石粉均能显著降低土壤中交换性酸和交换性Al~(3+)的含量,提高土壤pH,且不同施肥结构对修复黄棕壤酸性的效果为有机肥配施石灰有机肥配施白云石粉有机肥;连年施用有机肥以及配施石灰主要提高了土壤中交换性Ca~(2+)含量,而配施白云石粉则主要提高了土壤中交换性Mg~(2+)含量;有机肥配施石灰和白云石粉均降低了土壤中真菌的数量,但提高了土壤中细菌/真菌比、放线菌/真菌比以及细菌和放线菌数量,改善了土壤微生物群落结构,增加了烟叶的产量和产值。 相似文献
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5种土壤调理剂对大蒜田土壤理化性质和大蒜产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究了两个不同用量的5种土壤调理剂(麦饭石、牡蛎壳、蒙脱石、硅钙矿和有机肥)对土壤理化性质和大蒜产量的影响。结果表明,5种调理剂均能降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度:施用前期麦饭石处理的土壤容重显著降低,后期则蒙脱石处理土壤容重降低明显。在大蒜生长前期,施用高量牡蛎壳、蒙脱石和有机肥均显著提高了土壤碱解氮含量;蒙脱石显著降低了土壤速效磷含量,高量有机肥则明显增加了土壤速效磷含量;麦饭石、蒙脱石、硅钙矿和有机肥均能显著提高土壤速效钾含量,牡蛎壳对土壤速效钾含量影响不大。蒙脱石、硅钙矿和有机肥在大蒜生长前期均显著提高了土壤有机质含量,后期则只有高量有机肥比对照有显著增加。麦饭石、蒙脱石和有机肥3种土壤调理剂对土壤pH值有降低作用,而牡蛎壳和硅钙矿两种土壤调理剂对土壤pH值有增加作用。土壤调理剂对大蒜叶枯病有一定减轻作用。5种调理剂与对照相比均有一定增产功效,但只有蒙脱石和高量有机肥增产效果显著。 相似文献
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酸性土壤广泛存在于我国柑橘主产区,往往伴随土壤结构差、肥力低、供肥弱等障碍,是限制我国柑橘产区减肥增效、增产提质和绿色发展的重要因素之一。与传统土壤调理剂相比,施用有机来源的土壤调理剂有望协同实现土壤降酸培肥,促进树体养分吸收,增加柑橘产量和提高果实品质,但不同调理剂的效果可能存在差异。因此,通过连续两年的田间试验,评估了有机肥(T1)、生物炭(T2)、贝壳粉(T3)、复合调理剂(有机肥+生物炭+贝壳粉,T4)共4种有机来源土壤调理剂对酸性柑橘园土壤理化性质、营养春梢养分含量、果实产量与品质的影响。结果表明,与不施用土壤调理剂(对照,CK)相比,连续两年施用酸性土壤调理剂处理(T1～T4)的土壤pH平均增加0.44个单位,土壤酸度显著降低;同时,T1～T4处理的土壤紧实度显著降低,而土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量显著增加。施用调理剂处理提高了叶片SPAD值和叶片氮、磷、钾含量,其中施用复合调理剂处理最为显著。与CK相比,施用土壤改良剂处理(T1～T4)两年平均增产幅度为8.8%～16.7%,施用复合调理剂处理的经济效益最佳。与CK相比,施用土壤改良剂(T1～T4)果实固形物增加了0.85～2.45个单位,同时显著增加了单果重、固酸比和糖酸比,果实综合品质显著提升。综合而言,复合调理剂处理在土壤酸化改良、地力提升,促进柑橘树体养分吸收,增产提质增效等方面的效果最为突出,可为我国酸性土壤柑橘园改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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采用土壤培养及盆栽试验研究5种调理剂(生石灰、油菜秸秆、有机肥、钾硅肥、土壤改良剂,用量均为1.8 g/kg)对酸性土壤(pH值3.9)酸度指标和大麦幼苗生长的影响。土壤培养试验结果表明,施用生石灰、有机肥和钾硅肥均能明显提高土壤pH值,降低土壤交换性酸总量、交换性H+和交换性铝含量。其中以生石灰降酸效果最好,到培养第90 d,相比于对照处理提高了0.66个单位,土壤交换性铝含量减少了2.01 cmol/kg;其次是有机肥和钾硅肥处理,pH值较对照处理分别提高了0.14和0.15,土壤交换性铝含量分别降低了0.23和0.19cmol/kg;油菜秸秆和土壤改良剂处理从酸度指标来看,与对照并没有显著差异。大麦幼苗盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,生石灰、油菜秸秆、有机肥、钾硅肥和土壤改良剂处理的大麦幼苗地上部生物量分别增加71.5%、24.1%、27.6%、28.2%、24.7%,大麦株高、根长、根系总表面积和根系活力均显著高于对照处理,根系平均直径减少,有利于养分和水分的吸收。综合结果表明,不同类型的调理剂对酸性土壤的降酸效果不尽相同,其中以生石灰效果最好,秸秆处理尽管没有有效降低土壤酸度但仍可明显促进作物生长,因此也可用作酸性土壤的改良物质,在实际生产中应因地制宜应用各种调节物质来促进作物生长。 相似文献
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改良剂对土壤酸碱度和烤烟生长及烟叶中重金属含量的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
为筛选出高效安全的酸性植烟土壤改良剂,采用盆栽试验研究了不同改良剂(生石灰、白云石粉和熟石灰,用量为0.66 g/kg风干土)对酸性土壤p H、烟株生长和烟叶重金属吸收的影响。结果表明,施用石灰和白云石粉均能提高土壤p H,其中生石灰提高的幅度达到0.52单位;改良剂能够促进根系的生长,增加烟株干物质的积累,生石灰、白云石粉、熟石灰处理旺长期烟株总干重分别增加了13%、9%和17%;白云石粉处理增加了烟叶总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比,石灰处理则降低了总糖和还原糖含量;白云石粉处理显著增加了烟叶的Cd含量,而石灰处理则降低了烟叶的Cd含量,但各处理烟叶中重金属含量均较低。综合考虑改良剂的效果和烟叶的安全性,石灰是烟区酸性土壤改良、提高烟叶产量和安全性的有效技术措施。 相似文献
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为比较碱渣、牡蛎粉和石灰对酸性烟田的改良效果及其对烤烟生长影响，本研究通过田间试验探究了三种改良剂对酸性烟田土壤酸度、烤烟产量与品质及经济效益影响。结果表明，三种改良剂施用均有效提高土壤pH，降低交换性酸和可溶性铝（Al）的含量，提升土壤交换性盐基阳离子含量。碱渣对土壤酸度的改良效果最佳，可使土壤pH提高0.38个单位，交换性酸和可溶性Al含量降低90.9%和39.8%。同时，碱渣处理中土壤交换性Ca2+和Mg2+含量分别增加了72.8%和91.9%。随着土壤性质的改善，三种改良剂均促进了烤烟的生长，提升了烟叶产量与内在品质。三种改良剂使烟叶产量增加6.0%~9.5%，上等烟比例提高4.0%~16.9%，产值增加11.7%~19.5%，净增收益增加4593.00~9270.30元/hm2，其中碱渣的增产增收幅度最大。此外，改良剂的施用优化了烤烟化学成分组成，其中牡蛎粉处理烟叶的品质最佳。总体看，利用碱渣改良酸性烟田具有广泛的应用前景，但在实际应用中，需注意控制碱渣Na和Cl元素含量。 相似文献
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为探寻有效的芒果园酸性土壤改良措施,采用田间试验的方法研究了酸性土壤单施石灰、单施有机肥、混施石灰+有机肥对土壤生物和化学特性及芒果生长与品质的影响。结果表明:单施有机肥或单施石灰可显著增加土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基离子总量,其中单施有机肥可显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量,但对土壤酸度无显著影响,而单施石灰可显著降低土壤酸度,但对土壤养分无显著影响,石灰和有机肥混施土壤水解性酸和交换性酸含量降低,土壤pH上升0.38个单位,土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量增加62.01%～78.38%,且可增加土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基离子总量,其盐基饱和度提高13.37个百分点。单施石灰或石灰与有机肥混施可使土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性提高7.63%～54.20%,但酸性磷酸酶活性降低12.34%～27.06%,而单施有机肥则可使此4种土壤酶活性提高4.55%～58.75%;单施石灰、单施有机肥或有机肥与石灰混施均可提高土壤微生物活性、叶片叶绿素含量、比叶重、芒果单果重、果实品质和产量,单施有机肥果树叶片质量、果实产量及果实可溶性固形物高于单施石灰,但果实糖酸比低于单施石灰,综合来看,石灰与有机肥混施效果最佳,其微生物量碳含量提高163.85%,微生物熵提高48.73%,单果重、糖酸比和产量分别提高20.88%、64.00%、54.70%。综上,单施石灰或单施有机肥均可一定程度地改良芒果园酸性土壤,但两者混施效果最佳,因此,石灰+有机肥混施是一种有效的可持续的芒果园酸性土壤改良方法。 相似文献
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Soil Erodibility and Physicochemical Properties of Collapsing Gully Alluvial Fans in Southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In southern China, collapsing gully erosion produces massive deposits of sediment on the plough layer of alluvial fan farmland, leading to reduced nutrients, increased erodibility, and even desertification. The aim of this study was to investigate soil erodibility (the factor K in the universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE) and physicochemical properties of the alluvial fans of the most severe collapsing gully erosion areas (Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces) in southern China. The soils of the collapsing gully alluvial fans had a higher bulk density, but a lower total porosity, saturated water content, and silt and clay fractions than the control (CK) soils from the farmland without desertification. Soil quality gradually decreased from fan edge to fanhead. Significant decreases were found in soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and total potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in a gradual decrease in soil nutrients from the fanedge to the fanhead. Soil erodibility was greatest in the fanhead, and soil erodibility K values of the alluvial fans were 53.71%, 66.28%, 67.53%, and 71.68 % greater than that in those of the CK soils of Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, respectively, indicating a significant correlation between the soil erodibility K values and physicochemical properties, particularly sand fraction and organic matter content. The results provide new insights into the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and erodibility of alluvial fans, and suggest that improving soil structure might increase soil fertility in the collapsing gully alluvial fan farmland. 相似文献
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基于30年长期定位试验,通过测定黑土光谱反射率和不同腐殖质组分含量,探究了不同施肥对黑土土壤腐殖质含量、土壤颜色及二者之间的关系。试验设置5个处理:(1)休耕(Fallow);(2)不施肥处理(CK);(3)单施化肥(NPK);(4)有机肥部分替代化肥(NPKM);(5)秸秆部分替代化肥处理(NPKS)。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,Fallow、NPKS、NPKM分别显著提高49.7%,74.3%,27.0%的土壤有机碳含量(p<0.05)。NPKM处理中胡敏酸(HA)含量最高为3.9 g/kg,随后依次为CK、NPKS、NPK、Fallow。NPKM、NPKS和Fallow处理中土壤富里酸(FA)含量为2.2~2.3 g/kg,显著高于NPK和CK。NPKM处理中胡敏素(HM)含量为18.6 g/kg,显著高于其他处理(p<0.05)。不同处理间土壤光谱反射率由高到低依次为NPK>Fallow、CK>NPKS>NPKM,与CK处理相比,NPK土壤光谱反射率在平均提高6.5%,NPKS和NPKM则分别降低11.1%和15.1%。根据线性相关分析结果,黑土土壤光谱反射率与土壤HAHM均呈显著负相关关系(p<0.01),相关系数(r)分别为-0.858,-0.681。综合上述结果,长期有机物料投入可以显著提高黑土腐殖物质含量,降低黑土光谱反射率,使黑土颜色加深,而长期化肥施入则使黑土光谱反射率提高,出现"褪色"现象,有机粪肥在黑土中对土壤有机质和腐殖质含量的提升效果优于秸秆。 相似文献
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金沙江干热峡谷中退化的土壤生态系统生物学特征初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Distribution characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity were studied in the dry red soil and Vertisol ecosystems with different degradation degrees in the Yuanmou dry hot valley of the Jinsha River,China.Results showed that Hymenoptera,Araneae and Collembola were the dominant groups of soil animals in the polts studied.The numbers of groups and individuals and density of soil animals in the dry red soil series were higher than those in the Vertisol series,and the numbers of individuals and density of soil animals decreased with the degree of soil degradation.Bacteria dominated microbiococnosis not only in the dry red soils but also in the Vertisols.Microbial numbers of the dry red soil series were higher than those of Vertisol series,and decreased with the degree of soil degradation.The activities of catalase,invertase,urease and alkaline phosphatase declined with the degradation degree and showed a significant decline with depth in the profiles of both the dry red soils and the Vertisols,but activities of polyphenol oxidase and acid and neutral phosphatase showed the same tendencies only in the Vertisols.It was concluded that the characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity could be used as the bio-indicators to show the degradation degree of the dry red soils and Vertisols.Correlation among these soil bio-indicators was highly significant. 相似文献
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不同炭基改良剂提升紫色土蓄水保熵能力 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过连续2a田间试验,研究了5种改良剂(秸秆、有机肥、生物炭、炭基改良剂I和炭基改良剂Ⅱ)对紫色丘陵区坡耕地土壤水分库容、孔隙度和团聚体组成及稳定性的影响,分析了土壤水分特征参数与孔隙度和团聚体组成的关系,以期为紫色土区水土保持和土壤改良提供科学依据。结果表明,与不施改良剂(对照)相比,5种炭基改良剂都能提高土壤对降水的截存和保贮能力,显著提高了土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、水分总库容、有效水库容及重力水库容,降低了土壤凋萎点含水量和无效水库容;不同改良剂提升作用大小为改良剂Ⅱ改良剂I生物炭有机肥秸秆对照。施用改良剂I、改良剂Ⅱ、生物炭和有机肥显著提高了土壤孔隙度,降低了土壤容重,秸秆的效果不显著。施用炭基改良剂降低了0.25mm的微团聚体含量,促进了小团聚体向大团聚体的转化,其中对粒径5mm的机械稳定性大团聚体提升幅度最大,比对照提高14.5%~60.7%;5种炭基改良剂都显著提高了团聚体的平均重量直径及稳定性指数,以炭基改良剂I、炭基改良剂Ⅱ和生物炭的作用效果最大。土壤总库容、重力水库容和有效水库容与总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度以及土壤大团聚体含量呈正相关,而与土壤非毛管孔隙度和小团聚体呈负相关,土壤蓄水保水能力与土壤团聚体组成和孔隙度密切相关。因此,施用炭基改良剂通过促进土壤团聚作用,提高大团聚体含量和土壤孔隙度,进而增大土壤持水量和土壤有效水库容,是改善紫色土结构和提高紫色土坡耕地保水蓄水能力的有效措施。 相似文献
16.
不同改良剂对宁夏地区盐碱土土壤结构的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用玉米室内盆栽试验的方法,研究了宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市平罗县姚伏镇大兴墩村的盐碱土在施用硫磺、有机肥、石膏、PAM等不同土壤改良剂对土壤结构的影响.研究结果表明,4类改良剂均有效降低了土壤容重,土壤空隙度随之增加,土壤物理结构的改善与水分利用相互配合,共同促进了当地盐碱土的改良;硫磺的最佳用量确定为在30.45 g/盆,并需要注意土壤通气性,防止发生反硫化作用,对玉米根系产生毒害;综合而言,PAM改良效果最佳.其次是石膏和S3处理. 相似文献
17.
Elienai Ferreira da Silva Mara Regina Moitinho Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira Elton da Silva Bicalho Guilherme Adalberto Ferreira Castioni Gener Tadeu Pereira Newton La Scala 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(4):658-670
Soil CO2 emission (FCO2) in agricultural areas results from the interaction of different factors such as climate and soil conditions. Our objective was to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of FCO2, temperature (Tsoil), moisture (Msoil) and air-filled pore space (AFPS), as well as their interactions, during the sugarcane field reform. The study was conducted on a 90 × 90 m sampling grid with 100 points at 10 m spacings. Ten assessments of FCO2, Tsoil and Msoil were carried out at each point over a 28-day period. The greatest mean values of FCO2 (0.74 g m−2 hr−1) and Msoil (31.7%) were obtained on Julian day 276, 2013, being associated with precipitation events at the study site. Also, the smallest values of AFPS (19.17%) and Tsoil (20.90°C) were observed on the same day. The spatial variability of FCO2, Tsoil, Msoil and AFPS was best described by an adjusted spherical model, although an exponential model better fitted some results. The spatial pattern of all soil attributes showed little temporal persistency, indicating a high complexity for FCO2 during precipitation. Correlation maps assisted in identifying regions where Msoil and AFPS better controlled the emission process and where Tsoil was important. A major challenge for world agriculture is to increase the efficiency of conventional soil management practices. We highlight the importance of the spatial pattern of soil properties that directly influence the CO2 emission dynamics. Future mitigation actions should involve less intense tillage and ensure homogeneous applications of soil inputs, thereby reducing production costs and the contribution of these activities to CO2 emissions during the sugarcane field reform. 相似文献
18.
不同改良剂对酸性土壤的修复效应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为明确不同改良剂对酸性植烟土壤的修复效应,采用盆栽试验,分析了施用丰收延酸性土壤改良剂、金叶酸性土壤改良剂及石灰后土壤pH、水解性酸、潜性酸及土壤交换性能的动态变化。结果表明:施用改良剂可提高土壤pH 3.01%~24.11%,降低土壤水解性酸16.08%~50.46%、交换性Al 3+51.80%~64.27%、交换性H+含量84.12%~93.56%,提高土壤交换性盐基总量45.18%~46.16%、阳离子交换量0.33%~20.10%、盐基饱和度21.35%~49.78%。施用土壤改良剂后,土壤pH先升高后下降,至移栽60天后趋于稳定;土壤水解性酸在烤烟移栽后30~90天差异较小,至移栽后120天略有增加。施用石灰的土壤交换性氢、交换性铝一直下降,但施用丰收延、金叶酸性土壤改良剂的土壤交换性铝下降至烟苗移栽后120天略有增加,土壤交换性氢上升至烟苗移栽后120天大幅度下降。施用土壤改良剂后,土壤交换性盐基总量、阳离子交换量、盐基饱和度一直提高,但变化幅度较小。不同土壤改良剂的材料来源及组成成分不同,其对酸性土壤的恢复效果也不同,以施用石灰的效果最好。 相似文献
19.
土壤可蚀性研究现状及展望 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
<正> 土壤可蚀性(soil erodibility)是指土壤是否易受侵蚀破坏的性能,也就是土壤对侵蚀介质剥蚀和搬运的敏感性。与侵蚀营力一样,土壤可蚀性是影响土壤侵蚀量大小的又一个重要因子。在水土保持学科中,我国习惯上把“水”和“土”并列使用,而国际上则用“soil loss”、“soil erosion”、“soil conservation”或“soil and water conservation”等术语。显然,土壤是水土保持学科的重点。另一方面,土壤侵蚀营力等是土壤流失过程中的外部因素,而土壤性质才是内在因素,因此,水土保持学科中核心的也是重要的问题,应该是土壤保护。土壤可蚀性研究在水土保持研究工作中具有重要意义,国际上把土壤可蚀性研究一直作为水土保持学科研究的重要内容之一。 相似文献
20.
J. P. Emmet‐Booth P. D. Forristal O. Fenton B. C. Ball N. M. Holden 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(4):623-634
Soil structure forms a key component of soil quality, and its assessment by semi‐quantitative visual soil evaluation (VSE) techniques can help scientists, advisors and farmers make decisions regarding sampling and soil management. VSE techniques require inexpensive equipment and generate immediate results that correlate well with quantitative measurements of physical and biochemical properties, highlighting their potential utility. We reviewed published VSE techniques and found that soils of certain textures present problems and a lack of research into the influence of soil moisture content on VSE criteria. Generally, profile methods evaluate process interactions at specific locations within a field, exploring both intrinsic aspects and anthropogenic impacts. Spade methods focus on anthropogenic characteristics, providing rapid synopses of soil structure over wider areas. Despite a focus on structural form, some methods include criteria related to stability and resiliency. Further work is needed to improve existing methods regarding texture influences, on‐farm sampling procedures and more holistic assessments of soil structure. 相似文献