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1.
The efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis was studied in dogs. At the end of the experiment, bacteria could not be isolated from bone marrow of 15 of 16 (93.7%) dogs treated with clindamycin, whereas bacteria could not be isolated from similar specimens obtained from 6 of 13 (46.1%) untreated dogs. None of the 16 dogs treated with clindamycin had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis at the end of the experiment. Five of the 13 untreated control dogs had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis. The recovery rate was 31% in untreated dogs, whereas 94% of dogs treated with clindamycin recovered from osteomyelitis. Clindamycin, 11 mg/kg of body weight, given orally, q 12 h, for 28 days, was efficacious in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic S aureus osteomyelitis in dogs.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of this cross-over study was to compare clindamycin pharmacokinetics in the serum of clinically normal dogs when administered orally at two dosage regimens (5.5 mg/kg, twice daily, and 11 mg/kg, once daily), separated by a 1 week wash-out period. Serum samples were obtained from six clinically normal laboratory beagles before, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after the first and fifth dose of clindamycin at 5.5 mg/kg, twice daily, and before, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h after the first and third dose at 11 mg/kg, once daily. Serum clindamycin concentrations were determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results were analysed using Student's paired t-test, at a 5% level of significance. Values of pharmacokinetic parameters that differed significantly between the two dosage regimens included the following: maximal concentration and area under the concentration-time curve were higher at 11 mg/kg, once daily, than at 5.5 mg/kg, twice daily; and, more importantly, the ratio of AUC(0-24) to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 μg/mL for a 24 h period (AUC(0-24)/MIC) was higher when clindamycin was administered at 11 than at 5.5 mg/kg, at least during the first day of drug administration. Therefore, a better pharmacokinetic profile may be expected when clindamycin is administered at 11 mg/kg, once daily, for the treatment of canine pyoderma caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.  相似文献   

3.
Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules (11 mg/kg body weight, q24 h) were administered orally to 20 dogs with deep staphylococcal pyoderma. Response to therapy was excellent in 100% of the dogs. Duration of therapy varied from 21 to 91 d, with an average duration of 45 d. Relapses occurred in 25% of the dogs within a 3-month period. One dog vomited when the clindamycin was given on an empty stomach. Under the conditions of the study, clindamycin was an effective, safe, and convenient antibiotic for the treatment of deep staphylococcal pyoderma in dogs.  相似文献   

4.
Concentrations of clindamycin in the mandible were determined in 17 dogs and 13 cats with severe plaque, gingivitis/periodontitis, and calculus that were treated orally with clindamycin (11 mg/kg) once daily for 5 days prior to professional teeth cleaning and extractions. The animals were patients at the Dental Department of the Clinic for Surgery and Ophthalmology of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria. Clindamycin levels were determined during postextractional alveoloplasty. Approximately 1 to 3 mm3 of mandible was removed from the intraradicular septum in multirooted teeth and from the protruding labial/buccal alveolar rim with a small rongeur. The mean concentration of clindamycin was 8.18 microg/g in dogs (range=3.16 to 24.08 microg/g) and 17.43 microg/g in cats (range=2.45 to 51.60 microg/g). The concentration of clindamycin in the mandibles of dogs and cats may be useful to combat infections after periodontal procedures, tooth extractions, or injuries to the mandible.  相似文献   

5.
This study was carried out to clarify the role of lymphocyte subpopulations and Babesia-specific antibody on the treatment of clindamycin in dogs infected with B. gibsoni. Ten beagle dogs were divided into two groups: an untreated group (5 dogs) and a clindamycin-treated group (5 dogs), which was administered clindamycin at 25 mg/ kg body weight, per os, q 12 hr from 7 days to 21 days post-infection (PI). On the acute stage of infection, clindamycin treatment resolved anaemia and other clinical findings. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated dogs either in parasitemia levels or Babesial IgG antibody levels. However, morphological changes that indicated degeneration in the majority of parasites were observed. The numbers of CD4(+) showed a significant increase in treated dogs, especially after treatment. On the chronic stage, CD4(+) cells maintained high level both of the treated and untreated dogs. Although parasitemia maintained low level, their relapses were occurred on the 49th day PI in treated dogs and on the 42nd and 63rd PI in untreated dogs. A rapid humoral antibody response was observed in treated dogs, however, lower humoral antibody responses in untreated dogs after relapses. The antibody levels of treated dogs were significantly higher than those of untreated dogs. These results suggested that clindamycin might not eliminate rapidly parasites from peripheral blood, but damage parasites, which might stimulate efficiently humoral and cellular immunity against Babesia infection, and result in an improvement of clinical conditions.  相似文献   

6.
Osteomyelitis in the dog: a review of 67 cases   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
The clinicopathologic aspects of bacterial osteomyelitis in 67 dogs were compared. The femur, humerus, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges were the bones most commonly affected. In most dogs, the infection was attributed to repair of fracture by open reduction. Staphylocuccus spp and Streptococcus spp were the organisms most frequently isolated. Most dogs had chronic osteomyelitis at the time of initial examination.  相似文献   

7.
A masked, randomised, controlled clinical trial for the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma was undertaken. Dogs with a clinical diagnosis of superficial pyoderma, supported by bacterial culture were admitted to the trial and randomly assigned to treatment with either clindamycin hydrochloride at 5.5 mg/kg twice daily or clavulanate-amoxycillin at 12.5 mg/kg twice daily. After 21 days the animals were re-assessed, and therapy was continued for a further 21 days in the dogs with persistent lesions if bacterial culture demonstrated continued sensitivity. Twenty-nine dogs were treated with clindamycin hydrochloride and 27 with clavulanate-amoxycillin. Complete cure was obtained after three weeks in 17 (59 per cent) of the clindamycin-treated cases, but in only eight (30 per cent) of the clavulanate-amoxycillin treated group. Clindamycin was significantly more effective than clavulanate-amoxycillin for the treatment of superficial pyoderma in dogs.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and pathologic findings before and after short-term (group 1) and long-term (group 2) treatment in dogs with Hepatozoon americanum infection. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 53 dogs with H. americanum infection. PROCEDURE: Medical records of dogs that were treated for hepatozoonosis diagnosed on the basis of meront or merozoite stages in skeletal muscle were reviewed. RESULTS: Circulating gametocytes of H. americanum were identified in 12 of 53 dogs. Dogs were treated with various drugs, including toltrazuril, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, clindamycin, pyrimethamine, and decoquinate. Mean WBC counts prior to treatment were 85,700 and 75,200 cells/microl in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and 1 month after initiation of treatment were 12,600 and 14,600 cells/microl, respectively. Initial response to treatment was excellent in all dogs. Twenty-three of 26 dogs in group 1 relapsed at least once and died within 2 years; mean (+/- SD) survival time was 12.6+/-2.2 months. Twenty-two of 27 group-2 dogs survived; 11 dogs had no clinical signs and were still receiving decoquinate (mean duration of treatment, 21 months), 11 dogs had no clinical signs after treatment for 14 months (range, 3 to 33 months; mean survival time, 39 months [range, 26 to 53 months]), 2 dogs were lost to follow-up, and 3 dogs were euthanatized because of severe disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although no treatment effectively eliminated the tissue stages of H. americanum, treatment with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, clindamycin, and pyrimethamine followed by long-term administration of decoquinate resulted in extended survival times and excellent quality of life.  相似文献   

9.
Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic behaviour of clindamycin in dogs was investigated following intravenous (IV) and oral (capsules) administration of clindamycin hydrochloride, at the dose of 11 mg/kg BW. The absorption after oral administration was fast, with a mean absorption time (MAT) of 0.87+/-0.40 h, and bioavailability was 72.55+/-9.86%. Total clearance (CL) of clindamycin was low, after both IV and oral administration (0.503+/-0.095 vs. 0.458+/-0.087 L/h/kg). Volume of distribution at steady-state (IV) was 2.48+/-0.48 L/kg, indicating a wide distribution of clindamycin in body fluids and tissues. Elimination half-lives were similar for both routes of administration (4.37+/-1.20 h for IV, vs. 4.37+/-0.73 h for oral). Serum clindamycin concentrations following administration of capsules remained above the MICs of very susceptible microorganisms (0.04-0.5 microg/mL) for 12 or 10 h, respectively. Time above the mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) is considered as the index predicting the efficacy of clindamycin (T(>MIC) must be at least 40-50% of the dosing interval), so a once-daily oral administration of 11 mg/kg BW of clindamycin can be considered therapeutically effective. For less susceptible bacteria (with MICs of 0.5-2 microg/mL) the same dose should be given but twice daily.  相似文献   

10.
Blastomycosis, a common disease entity of dogs in the southeastern United States, may be encountered elsewhere. Blastomyces dermatitidis, the cause of this disease, is a soil-borne fungal organism. B. dermatitidis is introduced into the host by inhalation of infective spores. This results in a primary lung infection. Dissemination of the organism occurs by lymphohematogenous means and may involve any body tissue. Other tissues frequently involved are the skin, male genitals, lymph nodes, eyes, and bone. Osteomyelitis was diagnosed in nine dogs with disseminated blastomycosis. Six of nine dogs had solitary bone lesions. All nine dogs had a clinical lameness. Only two dogs had clinical signs of respiratory disease. A total of 25 bone lesions were observed in these dogs, with 19 lesions located in the tubular bones of the extremities. Typically, osteolytic lesions appeared at the ends of long bones; only two lesions were observed proximal to the stifle. No extremity lesions were seen proximal to the elbow. Approximately half of the bone lesions had an associated periosteal response or soft tissue enlargement, while no sinus or fistulous tracts were observed. Blastomycosis was confirmed in all dogs by a positive reaction to the gel immunodiffusion test and/or identification of the B. dermatitidis organism. 0rganisms were retrieved and identified from a variety of tissues, including three bone biopsy specimens and one joint aspirate. In seven of nine dogs, initial diagnosis was by identification of the organism. The radiographic differential diagnoses included primary bone neoplasia, soft tissue neoplasia with secondary bone involvement, fungal osteomyelitis, and bacterial osteomyelitis. These differential diagnoses were based on the distribution, localization, and aggressiveness of the lesions observed. The 32 percent incidence of blastomycosis-associated osteomyelitis reported here is significantly higher than reported previously.  相似文献   

11.
Emergency presentations of 4 dogs with suspected neurologic toxoplasmosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Objective: To review the signalment, clinical signs, abnormal laboratory data, therapeutics, and response to therapy of dogs with clinical signs consistent with toxoplasmosis infection. Series summary: A retrospective review was performed on the records of 4 dogs presented to the Animal Emergency Center between January 1998 and February 2000 exhibiting neurologic signs and having elevated titers for Toxoplasma gondii. A tentative diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was based upon one of the following criteria: (1) a serial 4‐fold or greater change in serum T. gondii IgG titers; 2) serially decreasing serum T. gondii IgM titers with concurrent increasing serum T. gondii IgG titers; or 3) positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T. gondii titers. In addition, inclusion of cases was limited to dogs that showed improvement of neurologic signs following treatment with antiprotozoal drugs. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole treatment was associated with successful elimination of clinical signs in all of the dogs. Two of the dogs developed side effects potentially attributed to the trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMS), and antiprotozoal treatment was continued using clindamycin. Unique information presented: Toxoplasmosis is an important differential diagnosis in any dog that presents as an emergency with central or peripheral neurologic signs. Affected dogs need not be immunocompromised for clinical signs of toxoplasmosis to occur. Appropriate treatment with TMS or clindamycin can lead to resolution of clinical signs.  相似文献   

12.
A 3-year-old German Shepherd Dog was examined for lameness, signs of pain, swelling, a draining fistulous tract, and osteolysis after a dog bite on the left carpus. After failure of the lesion to respond to several antibiotics, Peptostreptococcus sp and Propionibacterium sp were isolated from swab specimens and then from surgically collected bone and soft tissue specimens. The bone fragments had mild purulent osteomyelitis associated with numerous gram-positive rods and cocci. The dog was successfully treated by surgical debridement of the lesion and clindamycin administration.  相似文献   

13.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF OSTEOMYELITIS IN DOGS AND CATS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Thirty-nine cases of osteomyelitis in dogs and cats were recorded at the Sydney University Veterinary Hospital and Clinic over a three and a half year period. In 36 cases osteomyelitis was established prior to admission. Three cases of osteomyelitis became established from a total of 502 orthopaedic surgery cases seen at the hospital in this period. In the dog the most common source of infection was open reduction of closed fractures, while in the cat, the most common source of infection was an extension from soft tissue infection. More males than females were affected. Ten cases of osteomyelitis were treated successfully, twelve cases required amputation, while euthanasia was performed on thirteen other cases. The problems and principles of treatment of active osteomyelitis as reflected in the treatment of this series of cases have been described.  相似文献   

14.
Computed tomography (CT) features of four immature to young adult dogs with osteomyelitis of the skull are described. Trauma or bite wounds were the cause of infection and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. CT features were a combination of soft tissue thickening, bone lysis, and bone proliferation. Bone lysis was extensive in some dogs with a moth-eaten appearance and involved the calvarium, base of the skull, the frontal sinuses, and the temporomandibular joint. In other dogs it was more focal with thinning of the bone rather than complete lysis. Bone proliferation also varied in appearance from irregular palisading or spiculated to expansion and septation of the frontal bone. Sequestrum formation was seen in one dog. Widespread infection in one dog involved the tympanic bullae and the temporomandibular joint. Lysis of the calvarium resulted in bacterial meningitis in two dogs. One dog was euthanized and three were treated with surgical curettage of the affected bone and antibiotic therapy which resulted in resolution of the clinical signs in one dog whereas two dogs had recurrent disease. CT was very helpful for characterizing extent and localization of the infection. Despite the aggressive CT features, osteomyelitis should be considered especially in young animals with a history of trauma or bite wounds. The pathophysiology of skull bone infections is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Stabilizing or reducing periodontal pocket depth can have a positive influence on the retention of teeth in dogs. A topical 2% clindamycin hydrochloride gel (CHgel) was evaluated for the treatment of periodontal disease in dogs. The CHgel formulation provides for the sustained erosion of the matrix, but also flows into the periodontal pocket as a viscous liquid, and then rapidly forms a gel that has mucoadhesive properties and also may function as a physical barrier to the introduction of bacteria. A professional teeth cleaning procedure including scaling and root planing was done in dogs with one group receiving CHgel following treatment. Periodontal health was determined before and after the procedure including measurement of periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, gingival bleeding sites, and number of suppurating sites. There was a statistically significant decrease in periodontal pocket depth (19%), gingival index (16%), and the number of bleeding sites (64%) at 90-days in dogs receiving CHgel. Additionally, the number of suppurating sites was lower (93%) at 90-days for the group receiving CHgel. The addition of CHgel effectively controlled the bacterial burden (e.g, Fusobacterium nucleatum) at both day 14 and 90. Gingival cells in culture were shown to rapidly incorporate clindamycin and attain saturation in approximately 20-minutes. In summary, a professional teeth cleaning procedure including root planning and the addition of CHgel improves the gingival index and reduces periodontal pocket depth.  相似文献   

16.
Brucella suis is an emerging, zoonotic disease predominantly affecting dogs and humans that engage in feral pig hunting in Australia and other countries. Although B. suis infection in dogs shares some clinical similarities to the host-adapted species (B. canis), B. suis remains an incompletely understood pathogen in dogs with limited published data on its pathogenesis and clinical features. This case series describes the presentations, diagnosis, and clinical management of B. suis infection in three dogs: (1) a bitch with dystocia, abortion and mastitis; (2) an entire male dog with septic arthritis and presumptive osteomyelitis; and (3) a castrated male dog with lymphadenitis. Unique features of these cases are reported including the first documented detection of B. suis from milk and isolation from lymph nodes of canine patients, as well as the follow-up of pups born to a B. suis-infected bitch. Consistent with previous reports, all three dogs showed a favourable clinical response to combination antibiotic therapy with rifampicin and doxycycline. Individually tailored drug regimens were required based on the clinical presentation and other factors, including owner expectations and compliance with therapy as well as a zoonotic risk assessment (generally considered low, except around time of whelping). The authors include their recommendations for the clinical management of dogs that are at-risk or seropositive for B. suis with or without clinical signs or laboratory-confirmed infection.  相似文献   

17.
Efficacy of single-dose and 3-day trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMS) and amikacin treatment regimens for induced Escherichia coli urinary tract infections (UTI) in dogs was evaluated. Using each regimen, effects of giving TMS combination or amikacin were compared in males and females, and the response of treated dogs was compared with that of nontreated controls. Response to treatment was evaluated, using results of quantitative urine cultures and urinalyses obtained on 4 occasions. Abacteriuria was identified by finding a lack of bacterial organisms in specimens collected for the initial and final posttherapy evaluations. Before treatments, magnitudes of bacteriuria were similar in all experimental groups, and UTI persisted in all nontreated dogs. Single-dose treatment regimens did not reliably eradicate UTI in males or females, whether amikacin or TMS was administered. Magnitude of bacteriuria often diminished immediately after single-dose treatment, and such reductions of bacteriuria persisted in 2 of 8 dogs. However, no male dogs and only 1 of 4 females became abacteriuric after a single-dose treatment regimen. The single female in which UTI was eradicated was treated with a single dose of amikacin. The 3-day TMS treatment regimen eradicated UTI in each of 4 females, but the 3-day amikacin treatment regimen resulted in abacteriuria in only 1 of 4 females. Three-day treatment regimens were not effective in male dogs, regardless of the antimicrobial drug used. Of the short-course treatments for canine UTI evaluated by this model, only 3-day TMS treatment of females was consistently effective.  相似文献   

18.
Each of two male and two female healthy, non-fasted mongrel dogs weighing approximately 13.6 kg were given subcutaneous injections of clindamycin-2-phosphate sterile solution. The doses were 2.75, 5.51, 11.02 and 21.04 mg clindamycin free base as clindamycin-2-phosphate/kg of body weight. Serum samples were assayed for clindamycin bioactivity as a function of time and the pharmacokinetics determined. The elimination curves were biexponential with mean values for α of 0.466-1 and 0.0498 h-1 for β. The three lower doses demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics (constant total body clearance) while the highest dose did not. Based on the pharmacokinetics, a dosage regimen of 11.02 mg of clindamycin free base as clindamycin-2-phosphate/kg of body weight every 24 h is recommended.  相似文献   

19.
Twenty-one dogs with canine superficial bacterial pyoderma were treated with clindamycin at a dosage of approximately 11 mg/kg body weight, q 24 hours, given orally for 14 to 42 days. All dogs were reexamined on days 14, 28, and, if necessary, 42 and given a clinical score of excellent (i.e., complete remission), good (i.e., primary lesions resolved but secondary lesions evident), fair (i.e., partial improvement but primary lesions still evident), or poor (i.e., no improvement or worsening of the lesions). A clinical score of excellent was obtained in 71.4% (15/21) of the dogs in this study within 14 to 28 days.  相似文献   

20.
Infection with Neospora caninum in three young dogs is described. The predominant clinical signs were lower motor neuron deficits of the pelvic limbs, bladder and rectum. In two cases there was liver infection and dysfunction. The younger dogs had an acute onset rapidly progressive syndrome. The older dog had a similar but more chronic course. The diagnosis was confirmed by an immunofluorescence antibody test. The parasite is sensitive to clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulphonamide preparations, however the prognosis for return to function is poor especially if muscle contracture has occurred.  相似文献   

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