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芥蓝的丰产性状是育种的重要目标性状,由于控制芥蓝的产量性状均为数量性状,常规育种进展缓慢,基因定位及分子标记辅助育种可提高选择效率。本研究利用2个产量差异大的芥蓝自交不亲和系冬强♀（产量高）与Lb07M（产量低）为亲本,构建F2分离群体,F2自交获得F2 ∶ 3家系,对产量性状进行了QTL定位分析。对F2 ∶ 3家系中单株重、单薹重、株高、薹高、叶长、叶宽、薹粗进行了调查,利用已构建首张芥蓝变种内的SSR和SRAP遗传图谱,结合田间性状调查数据,用QTLNetwork2.0软件通过混合线性复合区间作图法（MCIM）对7个产量性状进行了QTL分析。在10个连锁群中共定位了8个QTL位点,其中控制单薹重、单株重、株高、叶宽的QTL各1个,分别解释表型变异的18.4％,17.8％,19.1％,15.1％;控制主薹高和叶长的QTL各为2个,共解释表型变异的23.8％、22.1％。芥蓝产量性状的QTL定位结果可为分子标记辅助选择高产品种提供参考。 相似文献
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在水培条件下研究27个芥蓝品种的生物量及硝酸盐含量.结果表明,芥蓝的生物量与成熟期成显著的正相关性,晚熟品种的生物量大,早熟品种的生物量较小.芥蓝不同品种间硝酸盐含量差异显著,薹茎和叶片都易积累硝酸盐,总体上薹茎硝酸盐含量高于叶片.聚类分析将27个芥蓝品种划分为硝酸盐含量低、中、高3个类群,硝酸盐含量低的类群(9个品种)生物量小,硝酸盐含量高的类群(5个品种)生物量大,硝酸盐含量中等的类群(13个品种)生物量中等.芥蓝丰富的硝酸盐积累类型及其与生物量的密切相关性,为低硝酸盐品种选育及分子机理研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
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研究不同1-MCP（0.1、1.0、10.0 μL/L）浓度处理结合聚乙烯袋包装和低温贮藏（10 ℃）对中花芥蓝采后营养品质的保鲜效果。结果表明：叶片中的叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量分别是茎薹的25、2、5倍，而茎薹中的可溶性糖含量是叶片的4.5倍。贮藏20 d后，芥蓝叶片黄化，花蕾开放并脱落；芥蓝在贮藏过程中，叶绿素和维生素C含量的下降比可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量明显，叶片营养成分的下降比茎薹明显。1-MCP（1.0 μL/L）处理可有效保持芥蓝的营养品质，贮藏20 d后叶片基本保持绿色、花蕾部分开放 相似文献
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在水培条件下设置等氮量的4个铵硝营养配比处理（CK,0 ∶ 100;T1,10 ∶ 90;T2,25 ∶ 75;T3,50 ∶ 50）,研究其对芥蓝生长和品质的影响。利用模糊数学原理,采用层次分析法确定权重,对芥蓝品质进行综合评价。结果表明：与CK相比,T1处理促进了芥蓝的生长,但对食用品质无显著影响;T2处理芥蓝产量最高,但对食用品质的改善作用较小;T3处理芥蓝食用品质评价值最高,但植株生长受到抑制。芥蓝的综合品质以中量增铵的T2处理最优。基于层次分析法的模糊综合评判对芥蓝品质的综合评价有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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芥蓝种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调查56份芥蓝种质的植物学性状,并利用SRAP标记分析其遗传多样性。结果表明,从312对引物中筛选出24对引物,共扩增出稳定清晰的条带747条,其中多态性条带147条,多态性位点比例为19.6%。基于SRAP扩增结果 ,应用NTSYSpc2.1构建聚类树状图谱,供试材料间的遗传相似系数的变化范围是0.524～0.884,在相似系数为0.66的水平上,可将56份芥蓝分为6大类。由于芥蓝原产华南地区,其遗传多样性要小于芸薹属其它蔬菜。 相似文献
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摘薹使甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系初花期推迟9～17d,终花期推迟2～3d;微粉花率降低到1.8％～10.1％,比不摘薹株的微粉花率(为23.2％)低得多,是杂交制种时调节花期、控制微粉花数量的有效方法。且摘薹早和摘薹轻的植株再生能力强,总花朵数多,有效角果效多,制种产量高。结果表明,摘薹宜在薹高30～40cm时进行,摘薹长度以3～6cm为宜,摘去的主茎叶片数15片左右。 相似文献
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萝卜芥蓝异源四倍体(Raphanobrassica, RRCC, 2n = 36)与埃塞俄比亚芥(B rassica carinata, BBCC, 2n = 34)正反交,结果表明:萝卜芥蓝异源四倍体×埃塞俄比亚芥可交配率为7. 3% ,反交为64. 6%。正反交F1 植株均 呈双亲中间形态,体细胞染色体数目为35,花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体主要配构型为10Ⅱ + 15Ⅰ。62个F2 植株 和22个与埃塞俄比亚芥的回交植株的形态为中间类型、偏萝卜芥蓝异源四倍体或偏萝卜。AFLP检测到F2 和BC1 植株均含有大量双亲特异片段,聚类分析表明,这些植株独立于亲本种聚成一组。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献