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1.
河北廊坊大豆枯萎病病原镰刀菌的分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确河北廊坊中国农科院植保所试验基地大豆孢囊线虫病田内大豆枯萎病病原镰刀菌的种类,对362份罹病枯萎大豆植株进行病原真菌分离,得到335株真菌;使用镰刀菌通用引物鉴定出镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.) 279株,占分离菌株83.3%;镰刀菌特异性引物、测序等分子生物学技术结合形态学特征进一步鉴定镰刀菌种类,鉴定出尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)189株,占分离菌株56.4%;茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)67株占20.0%、禾谷镰刀菌(F. graminearum)16株占4.8%、木贼镰刀菌(F. equiseti)3株、层出镰刀菌(F. proliferaum)2株、燕麦镰刀菌(F. avenaceum)和厚孢镰刀菌(F. chlamydosporum)各1株;致病性测试结果表明数量最多的尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)中约92.8%菌株具有不同程度的致病力;这些结果表明该试验基地大豆枯萎病的优势病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum);研究结果可为大豆枯萎病的防治提供科学依据,并为大豆孢囊线虫与尖孢镰刀菌复合侵染大豆的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
2.
测定了广泛用于工业和日用品的载银无机抗菌制剂Zeomic和AM1对大豆根腐病重要病原菌Fusarium oxysporum、Fusarium solani和Rhizoctonia solani孢子萌发和菌落扩展的抑制作用。结果表明,Zeomic在浓度为500 mg/L时可以完全抑制F. oxysporum和F. solani的孢子萌发,但对F. oxysporum、F. solani和R. solani菌落扩展的抑制作用较弱,分别为7.4%、0.0%和3.7%。AM1对病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用随浓度的升高而增强,在浓度为250 mg/L时对F. solani孢子萌发的抑制率为18.8%,到1 000 mg/L时可完全抑制。但AM1在浓度为1 000 mg/L时对F. oxysporum的孢子萌发抑制率只有29.7%,表明不同菌类对AM1的敏感性不同。同一浓度下的AM1对F. oxysporum菌落扩展的抑制率大于对F. solani和R. solani菌落扩展的抑制作用,在500 mg/L时对病菌的抑制率分别为51.4%、14.6%和11.0%。温室内对大豆生长的调查结果表明,用种子重量0.05%和0.10%的AM1拌种对出苗和生长有促进作用,Zeomic用量在0.05%时不影响出苗、株高和根系干物质积累,但当用量增加至0.10%时,则表现对出苗和干物质累积的抑制作用。田间试验结果表明,500m g/L的AM1拌种对大豆根腐病防效为32.6%,与化学农药35%多克福包衣处理无显著差异,但比后者增产10.1%。由此说明,载银无机抗菌制剂具有用于农作物病害防治的潜力。 相似文献
3.
丛枝菌根真菌与大豆胞囊线虫相互作用研究初报 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在温室盆栽条件下对大豆‘开育10’品种接种了丛枝菌根(AM)真菌:Gigaspora margarita Becker&Hall、Glomus fasiculatum(Thaxt) Gerd.&Trappe、G.intraradices Schenck&Smith、G.mosseae Nicolson&Gedermann及G.versiforme Berch和/或大豆胞囊线虫(SCN,Heterodera glycines)4号生理小种。供试AM真菌可不同程度地促进大豆植株的生长发育,增加植株高度、地上部和地下部干重及单株产量,减轻感病大豆品种‘开育10’SCN的危害,降低病情指数、根上和根围土壤中胞囊数量、2龄幼虫和胞囊内卵数。其中,G.fasiculatum、Gi.margarita和G.intraradices的效应大于G.mosseae和G.versiforme的处理。接种SCN显著降低了G.intraradices和G.versiforme对大豆根系的侵染率、G.fasiculatum的产孢数量及G.intraradices的侵入点数量,增加了G.mosseae的产孢数量。认为部分AM真菌能有效地抑制SCN对大豆根系的侵染、胞囊发育和2龄幼虫的形成。 相似文献
4.
大豆斑疹病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines,Xag)具有强烈的胞外蛋白酶活性,然而编码其羧基蛋白酶前体(xanthomonappepsin precursor,Xpp)的xpp基因是否参与Xag的蛋白酶活性与致病性,并不清楚。为了阐明Xpp的作用,通过同源重组技术获得了Xag的xpp基因缺失突变体(NΔxpp),并对其功能进行研究。研究表明:该突变体在寄主大豆上的生长能力和致病力相对于野生型均显著降低;功能互补恢复NΔxpp的植物表型至野生型水平。蛋白酶实验表明,NΔxpp胞外蛋白酶活性相对于野生型并无变化;而且xpp基因异源表达也不具有蛋白酶活性。qRT-PCR结果显示,DSF(diffusible signal factor)信号通路及Clp(Crp-like protein)显著负调控xpp基因的转录表达;与大豆汁液互作时xpp基因受诱导表达,并受HrpX和HrpG正调控。这些结果说明:xpp基因不参与Xag的蛋白酶活性,但其是病原菌在寄主大豆上具有致病力所需的。 相似文献
5.
大豆疫霉根腐病是大豆破坏性病害之一。利用抗病品种是防治该病的唯一有效的方法。迄今,已经鉴定了15个抗大豆疫霉根腐病基因(Rps基因),而且大豆部分基因都获得了不同类型的分子标记。本研究根据以前抗病基因推导结果选择26个可能含有Rps1基因座位等位基因或(和)Rps4基因的大豆品种(系),利用分别与Rps1a和Rps4紧密连锁的SSR标记进行抗病基因的分子检测,通过比较含有已知抗病基因对照大豆品种(系)分子标记检测结果并综合以往基因推导结果推断检测品种(系)的Rps基因。在选择的26个品种(系)中,长农14号被证明含有Rps1a,周豆13和铁95068-5含有Rps1a与Rps4基因组合,品系50794、科8924-3和合豆1号含有Rps4;有11个品种(系)存在含有Rps1a的证据、品系50052被推断含有Rps1c与Rps3b基因组合,但不排除这些品种(系)在Rps1座位含有一个新等位基因的可能性。另外,有7个品种(系)的所含抗病基因不能确定,它们可能含有新的Rps基因。 相似文献
6.
大豆猝死综合症病菌检测技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大豆猝死综合症是美国等几个大豆主产国的一种较新的、危害性很大的大豆真菌病害,它分别由两种镰刀菌Fusarium virguliforme和Fusanum tucumaniae引致。本研究确立了从土壤中筛选、分离大豆猝死综合症病菌的选择性培养基PCNB;明确了中国具有对该病菌敏感的大豆品种;利用Southern杂交技术,将致病菌和近似菌的基因组DNA分别用EcoRI酶切,与mtDNA探2u18和4u40杂交的RFLP图谱可成功的鉴定F.virguliforme,F.tucumaniae和近似菌F.phaseoli。由此建立了,通过选择性培养基分离进口大豆中的土壤,进而以Southern杂交技术鉴定大豆猝死综合症病菌的检测方法。 相似文献
7.
一种适用于大豆疫霉菌研究的培养基 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1989年沈崇尧和苏彦纯首次在我国分离到大豆疫霉菌(Phytophthora sojae M.J.Kaufmann&J.W.Gerdemann)。目前,该菌已成为三江平原大豆产区影响大豆生产的重要病原菌。在国外,用于P.sojae研究的主要培养基之一是利马豆(Phaseolus lunatus L.,Lima bean)培养基,而国内利马豆很少,一般不易获得,为此,我们尝试用与利马豆同属的粒用菜豆(芸豆)(P.vulgaris L.,Common bean)制作培养基代替利马豆培养基用于大豆疫霉菌的研究。 相似文献
8.
形态学观测和寄生性研究结果表明,发生于我国河南省兰考县泡桐(Pauloumia sp.)和内蒙古自治区凉城县豌豆(Pisum sativum)上的胞囊线虫均属于大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glyeines);上述两种植物上的胞囊线虫均可侵染大豆,在根部形成有卵雌虫。而兰考和凉城两地大豆上的胞囊线虫群体可分别在泡桐成豌豆上良好繁殖。以上结果证明,泡桐和豌豆为大豆胞囊线虫的两种新寄主植物,其中,泡桐为大豆胞襄线虫侵染多年生乔木植物的首例报道。 相似文献
9.
大豆紫斑病菌在培养条件下分生孢子产生的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
大豆紫斑病是影响大豆种子质量的重要种传病害之一,其病原菌Cercospora kikuchii(T.Matsu.&Tomoyasu) Gardner在培养条件下很难产生分生孢子。已有报道C.kikuchii能在胡萝卜叶煎汁琼脂培养基、死大豆组织煎汁琼脂培养基、PDA培养基和V8汁琼脂培养基上产孢,但不同的研究者所获得的结果并不一致,甚至相互矛盾。为此我们对C.kikuchii产孢方法进行研究,以期建立大豆品种抗病资源筛选所需大量接种体的生产方法. 相似文献
10.
大豆疫霉病菌在中国的发现及其生物学特性的研究 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：25
本文通过对从黑龙江、吉林和北京等地的大豆上分离的7个疫霉菌株的一系列生物学特性的研究,并以美国的Phytophthora megasperma标准菌株为对照,将该7个菌株鉴定为Phytophthoramegasperma f.sp.glycinea。接种试验表明,该菌在不同大豆品种上致病力表现差异明显,而且对三叶草和紫花苜蓿不侵染。用MTT染色法定期检测埋在不同处理的土壤中的卵孢子活性。经一年后,所有处理中90%以上的卵孢子均处于活性状态;而温度对卵孢子的休眠期有较大的影响。 相似文献
11.
氟幼灵系苯甲酰基苯基脲类化合物,是我国新开发的一种新型昆虫表皮儿丁质抑制剂。是一类生物活性高、残留低、选择性强、低毒、作用缓慢的农约。以棉铃虫和粘虫为试虫,对其杀虫活性进行了研究。 相似文献
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具杀菌活性的N-取代环十二酮缩氨基硫脲的合成 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
阿维菌素及其衍生物在农药上的应用,推动了大环化合物作为农药的研究,但由于阿维菌素结构复杂,合成困难,价格昂贵等因素,使其实际应用受到限制。现已发现许多结构简单的十二员环化合物具有很好的杀菌、杀虫活性[1～3]。另一方面的研究表明,许多缩氨基硫脲类衍生物具有较好的杀菌活性[4,5]。根据人工合成大环农药的结构特点,在大环的结构中引入某些已知活性基团,往往可以发现性能优良的新化合物。将十二员环与缩氨基硫脲拼接,预计可以得到具有较好生物活性的化合物。以石油化工产品环十二酮为原料,设计如下路线合成目标化合物:RNCS1H2NNH… 相似文献
14.
J. D. BANTING 《Weed Research》1967,7(4):302-315
Summary. Factors investigated included the susceptibility of Avena fatua L. at various stages of growth, the amount of moisture needed to activate di-allate in Regina heavy clay, the vapour action of di-allate in soil, the effect of organic matter on the availability of di-allate, and the persistence of di-allate and tri-allate in Regina heavy clay.
A. fatua sown at depths of 5–15 cm was killed by di-allate or tri-allate. as were seedlings treated at the 15–2-leaf stage. Seedlings of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) survived rates of 24 oz/ac if the shoots were 1–3 cm long prior to exposure.
When di-allate at 16 oz/ac was mixed with a 5 cm layer of Regina heavy clay (wilting point 19–6%) slightly less than 15% soil moisture was required to give complete control of A.fatua. Further experiments indicated that a large percentage of A. fatua seedlings were killed by the action of di-allate vapour in the soil.
In other tests the activity of di-allate and tri-allate was reduced when the percentage of organic matter in the soil was increased by adding peat. This could explain why there is little damage to wheat sown in treated soil of high organic content while similar rates can cause extensive damage in soils of low organic content.
Under comparable conditions tri-allate persisted for a longer period in the soil than di-allate. Both chemicals exhibited a lag period after which their breakdown appeared to follow a first-order reaction. Differences in the period of persistence were attributed to a much longer lag period and a slightly slower rate of biological breakdown for tri-allate as compared to di-allate.
Facteurs affectant l'activité du di-allate et du tri-allate 相似文献
A. fatua sown at depths of 5–15 cm was killed by di-allate or tri-allate. as were seedlings treated at the 15–2-leaf stage. Seedlings of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) survived rates of 24 oz/ac if the shoots were 1–3 cm long prior to exposure.
When di-allate at 16 oz/ac was mixed with a 5 cm layer of Regina heavy clay (wilting point 19–6%) slightly less than 15% soil moisture was required to give complete control of A.fatua. Further experiments indicated that a large percentage of A. fatua seedlings were killed by the action of di-allate vapour in the soil.
In other tests the activity of di-allate and tri-allate was reduced when the percentage of organic matter in the soil was increased by adding peat. This could explain why there is little damage to wheat sown in treated soil of high organic content while similar rates can cause extensive damage in soils of low organic content.
Under comparable conditions tri-allate persisted for a longer period in the soil than di-allate. Both chemicals exhibited a lag period after which their breakdown appeared to follow a first-order reaction. Differences in the period of persistence were attributed to a much longer lag period and a slightly slower rate of biological breakdown for tri-allate as compared to di-allate.
Facteurs affectant l'activité du di-allate et du tri-allate 相似文献
15.
德国小蠊肠道细菌抗真菌的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
初步研究表明来自德国小蠊Blattella gemmnica Linnaeus肠道的细菌能产生广谱的抗真菌活性物质，对白色念珠菌Candlida albican、深红酵母Rhodotorula rubra（Demme）Lodder、丝核菌Rhixoctonia solani Huhn、黄萎轮枝孢菌Verticillium alboatrum Reinke、镰刀菌Fusarium solani（mart．）Sacc．、黄曲霉Aspergillus flavus Link、黑曲霉Aspergillus，niger Van Tieghem都有明显的抑制作用。推测蜚蠊肠道细菌有助其抵抗病原真菌，同时也为开发用于医药、农业的广谱抗真菌的活性物质提供新途径。 相似文献
16.
Summary. The herbicidal activity of substituted benzonitriles was determined by a number of tests. This activity was compared with the structure of the molecules. It was found experimentally that benzonitriles, substituted at the 2 and 6 positions by halogen or methyl, had the highest activity. Some 2,6-dichloro-1-substituted benzene derivatives showed a herbicidal activity, comparable with that of 2,6-dichlorobenzonilrile. These compounds possessed a group which could be converted into a nitrilc group.
La relation entre la structure ft l'activité herbicide des benzonitril-es substitués 相似文献
La relation entre la structure ft l'activité herbicide des benzonitril-es substitués 相似文献
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19.
H. HAGIMOTO 《Weed Research》1970,10(3):187-195
Summary. Incubation of 2-ammo-3-chloro-l,4-naphthoquinone (ACNQ), a potential herbicide for transplanted paddy rice (Qryza sativa L.), with rice seedlings led to rapid inactivation; in the absence of plants, the concentration was unaltered. The rate of disappearance increased with seedling age, and with number of seedlings per unit volume of solution. Only small proportions of the amounts disappearing could be extracted from the plants. Fresh homogenates of rice and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. also caused inactivation, while heated homogenates had less effect. It is suggested that AGNQ is inactivated in the course of its herbicidal action and that if plants remain alive after complete inactivation, they can resume normal growth. Activity herbicide de la 2-amitto-3-ckloro-1,4-napktoquinone. III. Mode d'action et inactivation Résumé. L'incubation, en présence de plantules de riz, de la 2-amino-3-chIoro-1,4-naphtoquinone, herbicide utilisable sur le riz repiqué, aboutit à une rapide inactivation du produit, alors qu'en I'absence de plantes, la concentration resta inchangée. Le taux de destruction s'accrut avec l'âge des plantules et avec le nombre de plantules par unité de volume de la solution. Il ne put être extrait des plants que de faibles fractions des quantités du produit disparu. Des homogénats frais de riz et d'Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. provoquèrent également une inactivation; cependant des homogénats chauffés se montrèrent moins actifs, II est suggéré que l'AGNQ est inactive au cours de son action herbicide et que, si des plantes restent encore en vie après inactivation complète, elle peuvent recouvrer leur croissance normale. Die herbizide Aktivität von 2-Amino-3-chlor-1,4-Naphthoquinon. III. Wirkungsweise und Inaktivierung Zusammenfassung. Inkubation von 2-Amino-3-chlor-1,4-naphthoquinon (ACNQ), einem potenticllen Herbizid für gepflanzten Sumpfreis (Oryza sativa L.), mit Reiskeim-pflanzen, führte zu einer raschen Inaktivierung der Substanz, während die Herbizidkonzentration in Abwesenheit von Pflanzen unverändert blieb. Die Verlustmenge nahm mit dem Alter der Keimpflanzen und deren Anzahl pro Volumeneinheit der Nährlösung zu. Nur geringe Teile der verschwundenen Herbizidmenge konnten aus den Pflanzen extrahiert werden. Frische Homogenisate von Reis und Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. inaktivierten das Herbizid ebenfalls, während erhitzte Homogenisate weniger wirksam waren. Es wird vermutet, dass ACNQ im Verlaufe seiner herbiziden Wirkung inaktiviert wird und dass die Pflanzen, wenn sie nach der vollständigen Inaktivierung am Leben bleiben, ihr normalea Wachstum wieder aufnehmen können. 相似文献
20.
H. HAGIMOTO 《Weed Research》1969,9(4):296-305
Summary. An investigation was made of a now herbicide, 2–amino-3–chloio-1,4–naphthociuinone (ACNQ,), which appears to be promising for the control oi Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. in transplanted paddy rice [ Oryza sativa L.).
In pot experiments in the glasshouse, seedlings of Echinochloa at different stages of growth were killed by ACNQ, at doses equivalent to 2–4 kg/ha (applied as granules) if they were submerged, but not if the shoots emerged above water. Activity was increased more by raising the level of water in the pot than by increasing the dosage. Emergent rice seedlings were little affected by ACNQ, up to 8 kg/ha, and the observed selectivity is considered to be due mainly to differences in plant height in relation to depth of water.
In laboratory experiments with rice seedlings grown without soil, the activity of ACNQ again increased with the depth of solution. Conversely, at a standard solution depth, there was a reduction in damage with advancing stage of growth, and the chemical had little effect once the leaf tip was above the solution surface.
The rate of leaching of ACNQ. through a sandy soil was slow and, at a dose of 2 kg/ha, persistence was about 15 days.
In evaluating new herbicides for paddy rice it is suggested that screening tests arc necessary on submerged as well as non-submerged plants.
Activité herbicide de la 2–amino-3–chloro-1,'4–naphtoquimne. I. Activité herbicide et profondtur de de l'eau 相似文献
In pot experiments in the glasshouse, seedlings of Echinochloa at different stages of growth were killed by ACNQ, at doses equivalent to 2–4 kg/ha (applied as granules) if they were submerged, but not if the shoots emerged above water. Activity was increased more by raising the level of water in the pot than by increasing the dosage. Emergent rice seedlings were little affected by ACNQ, up to 8 kg/ha, and the observed selectivity is considered to be due mainly to differences in plant height in relation to depth of water.
In laboratory experiments with rice seedlings grown without soil, the activity of ACNQ again increased with the depth of solution. Conversely, at a standard solution depth, there was a reduction in damage with advancing stage of growth, and the chemical had little effect once the leaf tip was above the solution surface.
The rate of leaching of ACNQ. through a sandy soil was slow and, at a dose of 2 kg/ha, persistence was about 15 days.
In evaluating new herbicides for paddy rice it is suggested that screening tests arc necessary on submerged as well as non-submerged plants.
Activité herbicide de la 2–amino-3–chloro-1,'4–naphtoquimne. I. Activité herbicide et profondtur de de l'eau 相似文献