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《广西林业科学》2017,(4)
为了定量评价福建柏(Fokienia hodginsii)不同造林模式的水源涵养功能,采用野外实地调查和室内浸水法,对广西玉林市六万林场28年生福建柏2种(纯林、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)+福建柏混交林)造林模式林分林冠层、活地被物层、凋落物层和土壤层的拦蓄能力进行了研究。结果表明:福建柏混交林林冠层的最大持水量、最大截留量均明显大于纯林;纯林活地被物层的最大持水量、最大截留量显著大于混交林;混交林凋落物最大持水量稍大于纯林、最大截留量小于纯林;0~20 cm层的土壤容重和总孔隙度在混交林和纯林间差异不大,纯林20~40、40~60 cm层的土壤容重明显大于混交林、混交林总孔隙度明显大于纯林;混交林土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量和非毛管持水量在3个土层中均大于纯林,其中20~40、40~60 cm层的最大持水量和0~20、20~40 cm层的非毛管持水量差异显著。福建柏混交林地总拦蓄水量大于纯林,其拦蓄水能力是纯林的166.48%。因此,福建柏混交造林更能发挥其水源涵养功能。 相似文献
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福建柏与杉木、湿地松混交林分结构和生物量的研究 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
通过福建柏杉木混交林、福建柏湿地松混交林、福建柏纯林、杉木纯林、湿地松纯林的林分结构和生物量进行研究。结果表明 :福建柏混交林与杉木纯林、福建柏纯林、湿地松纯林相比具有较大的林分生物量 (福建柏杉木混交林为 2 33 6 6t·hm-2 ,福建柏湿地松混交林为 2 19 4 5t·hm-2 ,而杉木纯林、福建柏纯林、湿地松纯林分别为 188 78t·hm-2 、178 37t·hm-2 、181 4 4t·hm-2 )和较合理的林分结构 ,可以把福建柏与杉木、湿地松混交林作为用材林造林方式加以推广 相似文献
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福建柏与萌芽杉木混交林经营效果的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
安溪半林林场在杉木迹地上营造福建柏,并选留杉木萌芽条形成福建柏杉木混交林,不论混交林经营密度大小,福建柏生长均比纯林好。大、中密度组的福建柏生长比萌芽杉木快,但在小密度组则相反。萌芽杉木在大、中密度条件下,生长不如同龄纯林,在小密度条件下的平均树高、胸径是纯林的140.2%和148.2%。说明福建柏与萌芽杉木混交培育方式是成功的,但到15年生以后,经营密度以1 500株.hm-2左右,混交比例6∶4为宜。 相似文献
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为了定量评价福建柏(Fokienia hodginsii)人工林凋落物的水文功能,采用野外实地调查和室内浸水法,对广西六万林场福建柏纯林、福建柏+红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)混交林两种造林模式林下凋落物的储存量、持水特性、拦蓄特性、吸水过程进行了研究。结果表明:福建柏混交林凋落物储存量大于纯林;混交林半分解层凋落物大于未分解层凋落物,而纯林则相反。混交林凋落物自然含水率、自然含水量和最大持水量均大于纯林,而纯林凋落物最大持水率、最大拦蓄量、有效拦蓄量和有效拦蓄深均大于混交林。混交林凋落物半分解层的持水和拦蓄特性均大于未分解层,而纯林除了自然含水量外,其它则相反。福建柏人工林凋落物持水速率随时间延长而增加;凋落物对最初降水的拦蓄能力较强;凋落物持水速率和吸水速率皆呈幂函数关系。因此,福建柏混交造林能更好地发挥其持水功能。 相似文献
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福建柏混交林生态效益研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对30年生福建柏马尾松混交林、福建柏火力楠混交林与福建柏纯林生长量、林下植被多样性和土壤理化性质的比较分析,进行福建柏不同林分类型生态效益研究。结果表明:福建柏马尾松混交林和福建柏火力楠混交林中福建柏与福建柏纯林相比,树高、胸径和单株材积分别提高了14.6%、13.9%、46.9%和19.2%、11.1%、45.9%,林分总蓄积量增加了70.4%和57.9%,而且生长量和蓄积量的差异达到显著和极显著水平。混交林和纯林植物多样性指数接近。混交林土壤比纯林土壤疏松透气,持水性强,肥力高。 相似文献
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以福建柏纯林、福建柏与杉木、马尾松、木荷混交的4种福建柏人工林为研究对象，通过典型样地调查和样品测定，分析不同福建柏混交林凋落物蓄积量、持水量和碳、氮、磷含量及化学计量特征。结果表明：（1）凋落物现存蓄积量及持水量分别表现为福建柏马尾松混交林>福建柏杉木混交林>福建柏纯林>福建柏木荷混交林，福建柏马尾松混交林>福建柏纯林>福建柏木荷混交林>福建柏杉木混交林，凋落物现存蓄积量和持水量在4种福建柏混交林类型间均存在显著差异。（2）随着浸水时间的变化，前2 min内，4种福建柏混交林的凋落物吸水均最快，福建柏杉木混交林达到51.07 g/min，吸水最快；福建柏木荷混交林达到34.25 g/min，吸水最慢。在整个吸水过程中，凋落物持水量及饱和时最大持水量为福建柏杉木混交林>福建柏马尾松混交林>福建柏纯林>福建柏木荷混交林。（3）凋落物全碳、全氮、全磷含量均为福建柏杉木混交林>福建柏马尾松混交林>福建柏纯林>福建柏木荷混交林，C/N、C/P、N/P值均为福建柏木荷混交林>福建柏纯林>福建柏马尾松混交林>... 相似文献
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福建柏、杉木及其混交林生长与生态效应研究 总被引：66，自引：1，他引：66
本文从林分生长、空间分布格局、生物量及其与生态环境的相互作用等方面对14年生福建柏、杉木纯林及其混交林作了对比研究。结果表明,在南方丘陵营造福建柏、杉木混交林有利于维护地力和形成稳定的人工林生态系统,在经济、生态和美学方面均优于杉木纯林。混交林生物量比杉木、福建柏纯林高22.9％和4.7％,达79.58 t/ha,福建柏纯林比杉木纯林高17.4％。补植福建柏是改造杉木中低产林的有效措施之一。 相似文献
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调查福建柏杉木混交林和福建柏纯林人工林的林分生长状况,林下植被生物多样性以及林下土壤的养分状况,结果表明:福建柏纯林植被状况较好,林下植被的丰富度指数和多样性指数均大于福建柏杉木混交林;福建柏纯林土壤的养分状况较好,维持较高的土壤肥力。从提高林地的生产力上看,杉木与福建柏属浅根性树种,种间竞争激烈,混交效果不好,福建柏与杉木混交这个模式不宜大面积造林推广。 相似文献
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Forest structure and function are both closely interconnected and interdependent. It is important to understand forests’ structural characteristics to utilize their functions effectively. In this study, we quantified and compared 112 water conservation forests in the mountainous areas of Beijing, which included 18 different forest types. We performed a holistic analysis, summarizing the forests’ structural characteristics in terms of water conservation and examining aspects of horizontal and vertical structures. The results showed that natural conservation forests had mostly unevenly aged, multilayered, mixed structure, while most artificial conservation forests exhibited even-age, single-story, and homogeneous structures with relatively low biomass. Understanding structural features may provide better insight into how forests affect water conservation and thus improve the sustainable management of forests for water conservation in Beijing. 相似文献
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Recently, it is documented that bamboo (Mousouchiku:Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) invasion deteriorates ecological and/or landscape diversity. In order to investigate the ecological effects on forest-floor
arthropods caused by bamboo invasion, we compared the myrmecofauna among broadleaf forests, bamboo-broadleaf mixed forests,
and bamboo forests in Hiroshima City and its vicinity. Myrmecofauna in bamboo forests were more impoverished than in broadleaf
forests. Myrmecofauna in the mixed forests, however, were similar to that in broadleaf forests in both species diversity and
species composition. The change in myrmecofauna may occur relatively late after the initial bamboo invasion. 相似文献
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通过标准地调查 ,研究 2 9年生栽杉留阔模式及杉木纯林 (对照 )群落区系特征 ,结果表明 :栽杉留阔模式群落植物属和种组成数量 (10 2属、138种 )均大大超过杉木纯林群落 (87属、10 8种 ) ,具有生物多样性和更强的水土保持功能。其区系特征与杉木纯林相比有较大不同 ,群落间的相似性较小。栽杉留阔模式群落乔木层中落叶阔叶树种具有较大的重要值。栽杉留阔模式群落草本层以阳性种类为主 ,未发现观音座莲 ,而观音座莲是杉木纯林的指示植物。 2个群落种子植物属的分布区类型都是以热带成分为主 ,栽杉留阔模式群落属的热带分布比例小于杉木纯林 相似文献
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Simulation models of disturbance and succession are being increasingly applied to characterize landscape composition and dynamics under natural fire regimes, and to evaluate alternative management strategies for ecological restoration and fire hazard reduction. However, we have a limited understanding of how landscapes respond to changes in fire frequency, and about the sensitivity of model predictions to assumptions about successional pathways and fire behavior. We updated an existing landscape dynamics model (LADS) to simulate the complex interactions between forest dynamics, fire spread, and fire effects in dry forests of the interior Pacific Northwest. Experimental model runs were conducted on a hypothetical landscape at fire rotations ranging from 5 to 50 years. Three sensitivity analyses were carried out to explore the responses of landscape composition to (1) parameters characterizing succession and fire effects on vegetation, (2) the probability of fire spread into different successional stages, and (3) the size and spatial pattern of static fire refugia. The area of old open-canopy forests was highest at the shortest fire rotations, and was particularly sensitive to the probability of stand-replacement fire in open-canopy forests and to the fire-free period required for ingrowth to occur in open-canopy forests. The area of old closed-canopy forests increased with lengthening fire rotation, but always comprised a relatively small portion of the landscape (<10%). The area of old closed-canopy forests increased when fire spread was more rapid in open-canopy forests than in closed-canopy forests, and when the physical landscape incorporated large “fire refugia” with low fire spread rates. Old closed-canopy forests appear to comprise a relatively minor landscape component in mixed-severity fire regimes with fire rotations of 50 years or less. However, these results are sensitive to assumptions about the spatial interactions between fire spread, landscape vegetation patterns, and the underlying physical landscape. 相似文献
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历史时期中国竹林分布对气候变化的响应 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
气温是决定植被分布的一个重要因素。通过研究我国历史上各个时期竹林分布范围的变动状况表明 ,历史上我国的气候条件经历了温暖和寒冷的几度波动 ,竹林的分布范围也相应地发生着变化。在气候较温暖的秦汉时期、隋唐时期和元朝时期 ,竹林分布到较高纬度的地方 ;在气候较寒冷的魏晋南北朝时期、南宋时期及明清时期 ,竹林的分布北界则向南移动。在温室效应引起的全球气候变暖的前景下 ,未来我国竹林的分布北界将可能会逐步北移。 相似文献
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研究表明 ,天然格氏栲林下土壤的质地大都为重壤土至轻粘土 ,其土壤的全氮、有机质及速效养分含量都明显高于其他林分的土壤。天然格氏栲林下土壤进入红壤土壤成土过程的最高阶段 ,形成具有较高肥力的土壤 相似文献
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Armin H. W. Seydack Graham Durrheim Josua H. Louw 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(2):261-281
Analysing data from 903 permanent sample plots situated in medium-moist and moist forests in the southern Cape, South Africa,
we explored factors controlling forest structure. Pronounced subcanopy stem density persistence (well-stocked subcanopy forest
matrix) and stem density packing (comparatively high stem densities of relatively large-sized trees) were found in the moist,
less seasonal (quasi-tropical) Tsitsikamma forests. These attributes of structure were linked to the prevailing dystrophic,
less seasonal conditions and the associated metabolic vertical growth orientation. The cool, moist and seasonal (quasi-temperate)
Knysna forests had lower densities of relatively large-sized trees at the canopy level (stem density intolerance). This was
attributed to the lateral growth mode and extended persistence of the trees involved. The warm, seasonal (quasi-subtropical)
Outeniqua forests, on relatively nutrient-rich soils, had high stem densities at the canopy level relative to the subcanopy
stratum; due to a combination of low subcanopy tree persistence, fast ingrowth of trees into the canopy stratum, which were
then lost to mortality before they reached large sizes (high canopy tree turnover). Persistence of the multi-species subcanopy
forest matrix supported asynchronous establishment and death of individual trees. Typical for tropical-type forests, the development
of trees towards maturity (phase) was associated with a spatially fine-grained disturbance regime. A metabolic performance
trade-off model was developed and provided an ecophysiological framework for the interpretation of forest structure and its
underlying dynamics. This explanatory model indicated causal links between intraspecific metabolic tactics of trees in response
to their edaphoclimatic environment and associated attributes of forest structure. Some implications of the findings for tropical
forest management are discussed. 相似文献
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井冈寒竹林常沿山涧、小溪两岸较荫湿处密集生长,蔓延数里至数十里,带状分布于常绿阔叶、针阔混交林下,是中亚热带地带性森林中的一个相对稳定的层片成分,对涵养水源和维持生态平衡具有极大的作用。秋季出笋,竹笋鲜嫩,竹株枝叶潇洒,具有重要的经济和观赏价值,开发前景广阔。 相似文献
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Biomass and carbon pools of disturbed riparian forests 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Laura A. B. Giese W. M. Aust Randall K. Kolka Carl C. Trettin 《Forest Ecology and Management》2003,180(1-3):493-508
Quantification of carbon pools as affected by forest age/development can facilitate riparian restoration and increase awareness of the potential for forests to sequester global carbon. Riparian forest biomass and carbon pools were quantified for four riparian forests representing different seral stages in the South Carolina Upper Coastal Plain. Three of the riparian forests were recovering from disturbance (thermal pollution), whereas the fourth represents a mature, relatively undisturbed riparian forest. Above and belowground carbon pools were determined from linear transects established perpendicular to the main stream channels and spanning the width of the riparian area. The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass and carbon pools in severely disturbed, early successional bottomland hardwood riparian forests and to compare these values to those of a less disturbed, mature riparian forest.
Aboveground biomass in all four riparian forests increased during the 2.5-year investigation period. The total carbon pool in these South Carolina Coastal Plain riparian forests increased with forest age/development due to greater tree and soil carbon pools. The mature riparian forest stored approximately four times more carbon than the younger stands. The importance of the herbaceous biomass layer and carbon pool declined relative to total aboveground biomass with increasing forest age. As stands grew older fine root biomass increased, but an inverse relationship existed between percentages of fine root biomass to total biomass. The root carbon pool increased with forest age/development due to a combination of greater fine root biomass and higher root percent carbon.
Aboveground net primary production (NPP) in young riparian forests rapidly approached and exceeded NPP of the more mature riparian forest. As a woody overstory became established (after 8–10 years) annual litterfall rate as a function of NPP was independent of forest age and litterfall amount in the young riparian forests was comparable to mature riparian forests. Biomass in the riparian forest floor and carbon pool declined with increasing riparian forest development. Woody debris in these riparian forests comprised a relatively small carbon pool. An understanding of bottomland hardwood riparian forest carbon pools at different stages of succession allows us to assess how time since disturbance influences these pools, leading to a better understanding of the recovery processes. 相似文献