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《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2014,9(6):341-346
Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are often determined with Polar heart rate monitors (HRMs; S810i; Polar, Kempele, Finland). The aims of this study were to compare data from horses obtained by Polar HRMs and a portable Televet electrocardiogram (ECG; 100 version 4.2.3; Kruuse, Marslev, Denmark) device and to determine appropriate recording times in horses (n = 14). Correlations were calculated and a Bland-Altman analysis was carried out to examine agreement between recording systems. For beat-to-beat (RR) interval, uncorrected and corrected data were highly correlated irrespective of the recording system and recording time (r > 0.99, P < 0.001). For HRV variables, standard deviation of RR interval and root mean square of successive RR intervals, correlations higher than 0.9 were obtained between uncorrected and corrected ECG but not Polar data. The RR interval, HR, and HRV from corrected Televet and Polar data at no time differed between the recording systems. However, with the increase in recording time, the RR interval decreased (P < 0.001). Thus, for comparisons, recording intervals of similar length should be chosen. Correlations among RR interval, HR, and HRV variables obtained by ECG and HRMs were highly significant at all recording times (r > 0.9, P < 0.001). Correlations increased with increasing recording time. Bland-Altman graphs showed a strong agreement between HRMs and ECG and mean RR intervals, HR, and HRV variables were close to identical. In conclusion, Polar HRMs are as adequate as ECG recordings in horses. Owing to a low HR in stationary horses, recording times below 2 minutes will underestimate changes in HR and HRV. 相似文献
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To examine the waveforms of electrocardiograms, cardiac rhythm, heart rates at rest and during excitement, and the rate of increase of heart rate, electrocardiograms were recorded with standard bipolar limb leads from 79 free-living birds, including 19 species. The heart weights and heart-to-body weight ratios were obtained from an additional 96 free-living birds, including 20 species. In the majority of the electrocardiograms, lead I was of low amplitudes for all waves except the P wave, and leads II and II were very similar to each other with a predominant S wave and a very short or elevated ST segment. The P wave was often superimposed on the T wave when the heart rate increased to 330 beats/min. Four types of arrhythmia were observed in 50 of the 79 birds (63.3%): 48 sinus arrhythmias, four sinus arrests, two atrial premature contractions, and one ventricular premature contraction. The resting heart rate was negatively associated with the rate of increase, suggesting that a bird with a low resting rate might be able to maintain a greater capacity to increase its heart rate than one with a high resting rate. A negative correlation on a bilogarithmic scale was obtained between the heart weight and the resting heart rate, indicating that a bird with a high heart weight had lower resting heart rate than a bird with a low heart weight. When the heart-to-body weight ratios of free-living birds were compared according to their motility, the ratios of more active birds were greater than those of less active ones. 相似文献
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R L Hamlin C A Buffington 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1989,19(3):527-538
Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., carnitine in dogs, taurine in cats) resulting in cardiomyopathy, and nutritional excesses (e.g., calories leading to obesity, sodium leading to hypertension) have emerged as important considerations in cardiology. These dietary factors may become particularly exaggerated in altered physiological and/or pathological states (e.g., pregnancy, old age, primary cardiovascular disease). Unfortunately, we do not have complete information on requirements for essential nutrients, nor do we know the precise role nutrition may play in the production of so-called old-age diseases or on the interactions among other organ systems (e.g., kidney, liver) and the heart. 相似文献
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Boissevain I 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2005,130(14-15):444
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MacDonald KA Kittleson MD Munro C Kass P 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(2):172-177
Plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration ([BNP]) is high in humans with cardiac disease and is further increased with congestive heart failure (CHF). The hypotheses of this study were that dogs with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MVD) would have increased plasma [BNP] compared to normal dogs, that plasma [BNP] would be higher in dogs with CHP, and that plasma [BNP] would predict premature death from cardiovascular disease. The study population consisted of 34 dogs: 9 normal dogs and 25 dogs with MVD. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1-10 dogs with moderate to severe MVD and no radiographic evidence of CHF; group II--6 dogs with severe MVD and mild CHF; group III--7 dogs with severe MVD and moderate CHF; and group IV--2 dogs with severe MVD and severe CHF. Diagnostic tests included thoracic radiographs, an echocardiogram, a serum chemistry profile, and the measurement of plasma [BNP] by a canine-specific radioimmunoassay. There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma [BNP] and heart disease/failure groups (P = .0036). Plasma [BNP] increased with progressively increasing severity of MVD and CHE Group I dogs had higher plasma [BNP] than did control dogs (P < .0001), and plasma [BNP] was higher in dogs with CHF (groups II-IV versus group I; P = .012). Plasma [BNP] was also weakly positively correlated with left atrial size (r = 0.43, P = .04). For every 10-pg/mL increase in plasma [BNP], the mortality rate over 4 months' time increased approximately 44%. 相似文献
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The effect of relaxing massage on heart rate and heart rate variability in purebred Arabian racehorses 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sylwester Kowalik Iwona Janczarek Witold Kędzierski Anna Stachurska Izabela Wilk 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):669-677
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of relaxing massage on the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young racehorses during their first racing season. In the study, 72 Purebred Arabian racehorses were included. The study was implemented during the full race season. The horses from control and experimental groups were included in regular race training 6 days a week. The horses from the experimental group were additionally subject to the relaxing massage 3 days a week during the whole study. HR and HRV were assumed as indicators of the emotional state of the horses. The measurements were taken six times, every 4‐5 weeks. The HRV parameters were measured at rest, during grooming and saddling the horse and during warm‐up walking under a rider. The changes of the parameters throughout the season suggest that the relaxing massage may be effectively used to make the racehorses more relaxed and calm. Moreover, the horses from the experimental group had better race performance records. 相似文献
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Diagnostic ultrasound has allowed significant findings to be made in the investigation of cardiac disease in the horse. Because of the limited value of thoracic radiography in the adult horse with cardiac disease, ultrasound is the method of choice to document chamber enlargement, pericardial effusion, valvular abnormalities, and decreased contractility of the myocardium. The apparent changes in the flow characteristics and suspicion of abnormality in the right heart of racehorses need further investigation to fully document the etiopathogenesis of spontaneous contrast. 相似文献
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Ohmura H Hiraga A Aida H Kuwahara M Tsubone H Jones JH 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(3):455-462
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether evaluation of heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) during prolonged road transportation in horses provides a sensitive index of autonomic stimulation. ANIMALS: Five 2-year-old Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURE: ECGs were recorded as horses were transported for 21 hours in a 9-horse van. Heart rate, high-frequency (HF) power, low-frequency (LF) power, and LF-to-HF ratio from Fourier spectral analyses of ECGs were calculated and compared with values recorded during a 24-hour period of stall rest preceding transportation. RESULTS: HR, HF power, and LF power had diurnal rhythms during stall rest but not during road transportation. Heart rate was higher and HF power and LF power lower during road transportation than stall rest, and HR, HF power, LF power, and LF-to-HF ratio all decreased with time during road transportation. Heart rate during stall rest was weakly and inversely associated with LF power, but during road transportation was strongly associated with LF power, HF power, and LF-to-HF ratio. Neither LF power nor HF power was correlated with LF-to-HF ratio during stall rest, but LF power was strongly and HF power weakly correlated with LF-to-HF ratio during road transportation. High-frequency power and LF power were significantly correlated with each other during stall rest and road transportation. Heart rate was significantly influenced by LF power and LF-to-HF ratio during stall rest (R(2) = 0.40) and by HF power and LF-to-HF ratio during road transportation (R(2) = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: HR is influenced by different sympathovagal mechanisms during stall rest, compared with during road transportation; HRV may be a sensitive indicator of stress in transported horses. 相似文献
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J. E. Lohr Dr. Vet Med. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(9):200-206
Abstract Extract Between November 1972 and February 1973, severe outbreaks of a disease in broilers, characterized by congestive heart failure,, hydropericardium, liver shrinkage, ascites, and sometimes subcutaneous oedema were observed in the North Island. The disease resembled enzootic fatal syncope (toxic heart degeneration) described earlier in laying hens in New Zealand (Fischel, 1946), chick edema disease seen in the U.S.A. (Schmittle et al., 1958; Sanger et al., 1958), possible fat intoxication in chickens reported from Britain (Wannop and Chubb, 1961), and alimentary toxaemia or water belly ascites experienced in Australia (Sinkovic, 1961). 相似文献
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Heart rate and rhythm can readily be monitored during exercise. Although there is considerable variation depending on the athletic discipline, exercise can be considered to be one of the most physiologically demanding times for the cardiovascular system. Assessment of heart rate during exercise typically provides information regarding fitness and the intensity of exercise, and on some occasions may provide an early indication of disease. Cardiac causes of poor performance occur relatively infrequently in comparison with disorders of the musculoskeletal and respiratory systems. Nevertheless, exercise induces cardiac hypertrophy, which predisposes athletes to valvular regurgitation and arrhythmias. Consequently cardiac murmurs and arrhythmias are frequently present in equine athletes, whereupon the clinical significance can be difficult to determine. Undertaking an exercise test to identify exercise‐induced arrhythmias is important in the assessment of poor athletic performance and the risk of sudden cardiac death during exercise. This paper describes the assessment of heart rate and rhythm during exercise. Most research has been undertaken on racehorses but, where data are available for other disciplines, they have been included. Considerations regarding the choice, type and design of exercise test were detailed in the first paper in this series. 相似文献
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Riesen SC Schober KE Cervenec RM Bonagura JD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(3):469-476
Background: Ivabradine is a novel negative chronotropic drug used for treatment of ischemic heart disease in people. Little is known about its effects and safety in cats. Hypothesis/Objectives: Ivabradine is not inferior to atenolol with regard to clinical tolerance, heart rate (HR) reduction, and effects on cardiac function in healthy, lightly sedated cats. Animals: Ten healthy laboratory cats. Methods: Physical examination, systolic blood pressure measurement, and transthoracic echocardiography were performed in all cats at baseline and after oral administration (4 weeks each) of ivabradine (0.3 mg/kg q12h) and atenolol (6.25 mg/cat q12h; 1.0–1.7 mg/kg) in a prospective, double‐blind, randomized, active‐control, fully crossed study. A priori noninferiority margins for the effects of ivabradine compared with atenolol were set at 50% (f= 0.5) based on predicted clinical relevance, observer measurement variability, and in agreement with FDA guidelines. Variables were compared by use of 2‐way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Ivabradine was clinically well tolerated with no adverse events observed. HR (ivabradine, P < .001; atenolol, P < .001; ivabradine versus atenolol, P= .721) and rate‐pressure product (RPP) (ivabradine, P < .001; atenolol, P= .001; ivabradine versus atenolol, P= .847) were not different between treatments. At the dosages used, ivabradine demonstrated more favorable effects than atenolol on echocardiographic indices of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and left atrial performance. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ivabradine is not inferior to atenolol with regard to effects on HR, RPP, LV function, left atrial performance, and clinical tolerance. Clinical studies in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are needed to validate these findings. 相似文献
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Abstract— —In addition to physiological murmurs as found in association with fever and anemia, a number of organic murmurs resulting from cardiac lesions frequently occur in dogs. These include the pansystolic regurgitant murmur of mitral and tricuspid insufficiency and interventricular septal defect, the ejection systolic murmur of aortic and pulmonic stenosis and the continuous murmur of patent ductus arteriosus. The arterial diastolic murmur of aortic insufficiency occurs less frequently; that of pulmonic insufficiency is even less often encountered. The passive atrioventricular diastolic murmurs and atriosystolic murmurs of relative or absolute mitral or tricuspid stenosis are extremely rare. The most frequently heard abnormal transients in the dog are the ventricular diastolic gallop, the systolic click, and the presystolic atrial gallop. Splitting of the second heart sound is a fairly common finding in areas where heartworm heart disease is prevalent. Paradoxical splitting of S2 is only occasionally observed. Résumé— —En surcoit des souffles physiologiques comme constatés en association à la fiévre et l'anémie, de nombreux souffles organiques résultant de lésions cardiaquessurvenant fréquemment chez le chien. Ceux-ci comprennent le souffle pansystolique régurgitant d'insuffisance mitrale et tricuspide et de défaut de la cloison interventriculaire, le souffle d'éjection systolique de retricissement aortique et pulmonaire et le souffle continuel patent du canal arteriosus. Le souffle arteriel diastolique de l'insuffisance aortique se présente moins fréquemment; celui de l'insuffisance pulmonaire survient encour moins souvent. Les souffles passifs atrioventriculaires diastoliques et les souffles atriosystoliques de retrecissement relatifs ou obsolus mitral ou tricuspide sont extrêmement rares. Les transitions anormalies les plus souvent survenues chez le chien sont le galop ventriculaire diastolique, le clic systolique, et le galop artériel presystolique. La séparation du son du second coeur et assez commune dans les régions ou les maladies cardiaques prévalent. La séparation paradoxale de S est occasionnellement observée. Zusammenfassung— —Ausser physiologischen Geraeuschen in Verbindung mit Fieber und Anaemic treten eine Anzahl von organischen Geraeuschen als Resultat von Herzstoerungen haeufig bei Hunden auf. Diese umfassen das pansystolische rueckfliessende Geraeusch der mitralen und trik-uspidalen Insuffizienz und des interventrikularen Septum-Defekts, das Ejektions-systolische Geraeusch der Aorten- und Pulmonal-Stenose und das Dauer-Geraeusch des offenen Duktus arteriosus. Das arterielle diastolische Geraeusch der Aorten-Insuffizienz tritt weniger haeufig auf, das der Pulmonal-Insuffizienz noch seltener. Die passiven atrioventrikulaeren diastolischen Geraeusche und atrio-systolischen Geraeusche der relativen oder absoluten mitralen oder trikuspidalen Stenose sind ausserordentlich selten. Die am haeufigsten gehoerten anormalen vorueber-gehenden Geraeusche beim Hund sind der ventrikulaere diastolische Galopp-Rhythmus, das systolische Einschnappen und der praesystolische atriale Galopp-Rhythmus. Spaltung des zweiten Herztones ist eine ziemlich haeufiger Befund in Gegenden, wo die Herzwurm-Krankheit haeufig ist. Paradoxe Spaltung des zweiten Tones wird nur gelegentlich beobachtet. 相似文献
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Kristin A MacDonald 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2006,36(3):503-31, vi
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is defined as a morphologic defect of the heart or associated great vessels present at birth. Abnormalities are caused by alterations or arrests in particular phases of embryonic development of the fetal heart. The term congenital does not imply that the defect was inherited, and the defect may have occurred spontaneously or secondary to a drug or toxin. By studying families of animals with specific CHDs, many defects have also been shown to be heritable.Additionally, if the defect was caused by a spontaneous de novo mutation,that individual has the potential to transmit the mutation to offspring.The diagnosis of CHD is important not only to the health of the patient but to eliminate affected individuals from the breeding pool. 相似文献