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1.
 根据北京雾灵山自然保护区1hm2天然次生林样地调查结果,采用点格局分析方法,对群落内的主要种群在不同尺度下的空间分布格局及其相互关系进行了研究。结果表明:1)雾灵山天然次生林单种格局在较大尺度范围内都呈显著的集群分布,个别种群在尺度r<3m和r>48 m时,呈随机分布;2)主要种群分布格局在0~50m尺度范围内,均达到了最大聚集强度,不同种群出现最大聚集强度和最大聚集规模的空间尺度差异较大,聚集强度大小顺序为蒙椴>黑桦>山杨>白桦,单种格局的最大聚集规模顺序为山杨>蒙椴>黑桦>白桦;3)树种之间存在着种间关联,负关联种对比率较大,树种间竞争激烈,群落组成和结构不稳定,处于植被演替的初期向演替中期过渡的阶段。  相似文献   

2.
为了确定陕北黄土区阳坡水土保持林合理的结构配置模式,在吴起县吴仓堡镇黄土西坡设置6.25 hm2大样地,实测山杏+小叶杨+刺槐阔叶混交林树木的胸径、树高等指标,分析林分空间分布特征,采用点格局分析法,探讨山杏、小叶杨和刺槐种群的分布格局及空间关联性.结果表明:1)山杏和小叶杨是该研究群落的优势种,刺槐是伴生种,山杏的优势地位明显;2)小叶杨种群以大、中径级林木为主,山杏种群以中、小径级林木为主,刺槐种群以小径级林木为主,林木整体生长状况欠佳,且小叶杨种群树高均值明显大于山杏、刺槐种群,林分复层结构明显;3)山杏、小叶杨和刺槐种群在0 ~125 m空间尺度内呈聚集分布,分别在尺度为47、65和104 m时达到最大聚集强度,林木主要分布在微地形上,最大聚集半径与林木聚集分布的微地形规模相吻合;4)山杏、小叶杨和刺槐种群在0 ~125 m空间尺度内,呈显著负关联,种间竞争激烈.黄土区干旱阳坡林分空间分布格局受微地形影响较大,应根据坡面微地形设计造林混交模式和布置种植点,并加强抚育管理.研究为该地区水土保持林草植被规划设计,提供理论依据和科学指导.  相似文献   

3.
赤峰市黑里河天然油松林空间分布格局研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在黑里河自然保护区内设立面积为1.96 hm2的固定样地,用样方法对油松林物种组成及其分布进行调查分析.为了对天然油松林的格局分布状况进行更深入、更明确的认识,运用均匀度、点格局、角尺度3种格局研究方法对样地中的主要树种的空间格局进行了分析.结果表明:乔木层中油松是优势树种.主要伴生树种有糠椴、蒙古栎、色木槭和白桦.各主要伴生树种均为集群分布.油松种群在1~65 m的尺度上呈聚集分布,当尺度大于65 m时呈随机分布.油松幼树和小树为聚集分布,油松大树为随机分布.3种分析方法分析结果一致.3种方法在格局检验上各有优势.研究可为以后的种群格局研究在方法选择上提供参考.  相似文献   

4.
本文利用Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener指数、种间均匀度指数及Margalef指数作多样性指标,运用扩散系数、扩散指标等聚集度指标对乳源木莲种群的空间分布格局进行了研究。同时,对该种群分布格局的动态规律及趋势进行了探讨。结果表明:乳源木莲天然林群落物种比较丰富,群落处在以乳源木莲、拉氏栲等为优势种的进展演替中,群落的主要建群种乳源木莲在空间上属聚集分布(此分布型将在相当长的时间内保持相对稳定状态),乳源木莲正处于成熟种群,可作为天然林更新的主要保护树种。  相似文献   

5.
以沙县青州镇板山村乳源木莲天然林为研究对象,测定群落各层树种的重要值;利用Simpson指数、Shannon_wiener指数、种间均匀度指数及Margalef指数作多样性指标;运用扩散系数C、扩散指标Iδ等七种聚集度指标,对乳源木莲种群的空间分布格局进行研究。同时,采用曲仲湘五级分类法划分种群动态,并对种群分布格局的动态规律及趋势进行了探讨。结果表明:乳源木莲天然林群落物种比较丰富,优势种群作用明显,群落处在以乳源木莲、拉氏栲等为优势种的进展演替中。群落的主要建群种乳源木莲在空间上属聚集分布,正处于成熟种群,可作为天然林更新的主要保护树种。  相似文献   

6.
[目的]探究城市绿地中臭椿更新苗的数量特征、存活情况及空间分布格局,为城市绿地生境下乔木的天然更新和人工干扰或促进更新提供理论依据。[方法]运用种群静态生命表,点格局分析法中的双关联函数G(r)、H(r)函数分析臭椿更新苗的生存状况,空间分布格局及各龄级间的空间关联性。[结果]更新苗种群结构存在波动性,存活曲线趋于DeeveyⅡ型,低龄级和中龄级个体数量丰富,个体死亡率和消失率在前期和后期较稳定,中期先减后增,超过第5龄级(8~10cm)后,个体死亡率和消失率出现高峰。[结论]一侧和两侧铺装样地在空间上都呈现出不同程度的聚集分布,聚集强度随尺度距离的增大呈减小趋势,一侧铺装样地在尺度接近3.7m处有转为随机分布的趋势。龄级间,小尺度内多表现为无关联,随着尺度增加呈正显著相关;两侧铺装有正关联的龄级组合比一侧铺装样地多;较大尺度上,用径级代表龄级的更新苗间相关关系越接近,正关联越强。  相似文献   

7.
王天阳  王国祥 《土壤与环境》2007,16(6):1660-1664
大型水生植物的分布格局与空间尺度有着密切关系,传统的分析方法只能分析一种尺度下的格局。引入点格局分析,以种群空间分布坐标点图为基础,分析各种尺度下的种群格局。运用点格局分析对玄武湖菹草种群的空间分布格局进行研究,并结合N、P等水质指标探讨其环境效应。结果表明,玄武湖菹草种群分布集群特征明显,且在尺度232-344m内聚集最为明显。从水质监测结果看,菹草种群有利于改善水体环境,无种群区的TN、TP和NO3-N浓度明显高于有种群区;溶解氧(DO)则表现为有种群区高于无种群区。菹草在空间分布上的明显规律性,会进一步导致水质参数的空间异质性。  相似文献   

8.
[目的]研究区域尺度上荒漠灌木水分适应与分布格局相呼应关系,揭示干旱半干旱地区植物种群对环境响应的过程与机理,为深入理解植物与环境协同进化规律提供依据。[方法]采用点格局分析方法和氢氧稳定同位素示踪技术,分析了红砂(Reaumuria songarica)种群的空间分布格局、水分利用策略。[结果](1)在完全空间随机零模型下,红砂种群在<3 m尺度内均匀分布,在>32 m尺度内聚集分布,种群内部生态关系由竞争向促进转变;消除生境异质性后,种群在>30 m尺度下呈现随机分布,种内生态关系呈现减弱的趋势。红砂种群空间分布格局的形成过程中生境异质性在大尺度上起到了重要作用。(2)随着多年平均降水量的减少,红砂种群的水分利用深度由0—20 cm加深到60—100 cm;红砂种群的密度与多年降水呈现极显著负相关(p<0.01),样地的植被盖度变化主要受草本盖度影响,红砂植被盖度变化不显著。[结论]随着多年平均降水量的减少,红砂种群的分布格局受环境异质性影响。通过增加植株密度,红砂可以利用更深层的土壤水分适应环境胁迫。  相似文献   

9.
以百花山自然保护区核桃楸华北落叶松混交林样地的调查数据为基础,利用角尺度、大小比数和混交度3个林分空间结构参数,分析了核桃楸华北落叶松混交林的空间结构特征.结果表明:核桃楸种群密度和断面积占有明显优势,是乔木层的优势种和建群种;核桃楸华北落叶松混交林平均混交度为0.382,林分混交程度低,优势种以零度混交和弱度混交为主,伴生种的混交状况普遍较好;核桃楸和华北落叶松种群在空间结构单元中以优势木、亚优势木和中庸木为主,其他种群的树种优势度不明显;该林分的空间分布格局为聚集分布.  相似文献   

10.
北京山区栓皮栎水源涵养林空间结构特征研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以地面三维激光扫描技术作为林分资源调查的手段,采用"多站式"扫描方法来获取栓皮栎水源涵养林标准地内林木树种、树高、胸高断面积等测树因子,应用传统林分结构因子配合混交度、大小比数等参数并结合点格局分析法研究了北京西山栓皮栎水源涵养林林分的空间结构特征。结果表明:(1)栓皮栎水源涵养林乔木层共由16个树种组成,群落垂直结构明显,呈现出典型的复层林结构特征;(2)栓皮栎水源涵养林林分平均混交度为0.32,处于弱度混交范畴;(3)栓皮栎、油松、槲树、刺槐种群在林分空间结构单元中以优势木、亚优势木和中庸木为主,分别占种群总株数的67%、51%、71%和57%,其他树种优势度不明显;(4)栓皮栎种群的空间点格局在所研究的尺度(30 m)上呈显著性聚集分布,在种群间的空间关联性上,栓皮栎种群和其主要伴生树种元宝枫种群在所研究的尺度上,二者之间关联性为显著性负关联,竞争激烈。  相似文献   

11.
华北土石山区天然次生林枯立木数量特征与分布格局   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
枯立木广泛存在于森林生态系统中,对森林的发展与演替有着十分重要的影响。以河北省木兰围场国有林场北沟林场天然次生林(面积为4hm2)植被群落调查为基础,分析研究了华北土石山区天然次生林枯立木树种组成、径级结构、生物量和分布格局。研究结果显示,研究区天然次生林枯立木分属8个乔木种群,密度为79.25株/hm2,占全部乔木的10.13%;枯立木生物量为18.46t/hm2,占全部乔木生物量的6.88%;山杨枯立木数量和生物量分别占全部枯立木的83.60%和90.58%,是样地中枯立木数量和生物量最大的树种;枯立木胸径(DBH)分配以DBH<22cm为主;林分内所有枯立木的平均角尺度值为0.543,呈随机分布。  相似文献   

12.
The aim of the current study was to gain a better understanding of the changes that occur in soil microbial community and in its functional diversity as a result of the use of nematocide and biocide inhibitors in natural ecosystems. Both inhibitors are known to have a great effect on the nematode community and total biota, playing an important role in soil food web and biota interactions. The experiment was set up in the Negev Desert using sixteen 1×1 m soil plots, to which two chemical inhibitors were applied: (a) a biocide, to eliminate the whole biotic community; and (b) a nematocide, to eliminate the nematode community in soil. In addition, water treatment was applied to the same soil plots, while untreated soil plots were used as control. Microbial functional diversity, together with abiotic parameters such as soil moisture and total organic carbon, was tested monthly in soil samples collected from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers. The results of the abiotic parameters showed similar patterns in the two soil layers regardless of the inhibitor treatments. An increase in soil water content followed rainfall patterns. Total organic carbon was low during the wet season and increased during the dry seasons. The Shannon-Weaver index value for microbial functional diversity was found to increase in spring after the wet season in both soil layers. In the upper soil layer, an increase was observed both in the inhibitor and water treatments. However, the increase in the water treatment lasted longer compared to the increase observed in the inhibitor-treated soil plots. In the 10-20 cm soil layer, a different pattern was observed: an increase in microbial functional diversity was observed in the inhibitor-treated soil plots, while an increase in the water-treated soil plots was seen at a later stage. Principal Component Analysis was also conducted, revealing different patterns between inhibitors and water treatments on both a temporal scale, when changes from a homogeneous to heterogeneous consumption pattern were observed, and in the nature of communities that proliferate in the soil. Differences were also observed in the microbial community between the upper 0-10 and the lower 10-20 cm soil layers, where an opposite pattern of substrate consumption was observed. This study emphasizes the important role the biotic component plays in the soil of an arid climate, studying the long-term effects of key species elimination on the microbial community in desert soil.  相似文献   

13.
《Applied soil ecology》2006,31(1-2):147-158
When restoring former agricultural land to more low-nutrient input ecosystems, the establishment of a plant community can be enhanced by sowing desirable species. In this study our aim was to determine whether management of the plant community influences the microarthropod community. We carried out a field experiment in three European countries on set-aside arable land and determined soil mites from the sites in Sweden, The Netherlands and Spain. Experimental plots on set-aside arable land were sown with high (15 species) or low (4 species) plant species seed mixtures; other plots were colonized naturally. A field with continued agricultural practices and a later successional site (target site) were used for comparison with the experimental plots. Soil from the later successional site was inoculated into half of the plots. Abandoning agricultural practices increased the density of mites at one site while the number of mite species was not affected. Sowing plant seeds had no effect on mite densities at any of the sites. The community composition of mites changed in response to management of the plant community, as shown by canonical correspondence analysis. Among the functional groups of mites, saprophytes generally dominated on all plots at all sites. Mites parasitic on insects were not present on fields with continued agricultural practice in Sweden and The Netherlands, and might thus be regarded as an indicator of an increase in trophic complexity in the sown and naturally colonized treatments. Predatory and plant parasitic mites showed no consistent pattern in relation to the treatments of the three sites. Soil inoculation treatment had only a minor impact on the soil mite communities.  相似文献   

14.
在对大盘山自然保护区七子花(Heptacodium miconioides)群落进行分类的基础上,研究不同群落类型中七子花开花期器官营养元素分布及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:(1)不同群落中七子花元素含量有一定的差异,各营养元素含量的变异系数相差很大,其中N、P、K元素含量的变异系数较大,而Ca和Mg的较小。(2)七子花不同器官元素含量大小为:N、P、K的顺序均为叶>皮>枝>干,Ca和Mg均为皮>叶>枝>干;不同器官中,七子花5种营养元素的总量由高到低依次为叶、皮、枝、干;七子花各营养元素含量的变异系数相差较大,其中叶、皮和枝的较高,而干的较低。(3)七子花植物体元素含量与土壤中的营养元素含量的相互关系有一定的规律性,但并不明显,说明不同群落内七子花营养元素含量的差异并不是主要由土壤中营养元素含量决定的,而是其他生境因子影响的结果。基于以上分析认为,土层厚度、岩石裸露率等生境条件所造成的七子花生存状态的差异是不同群落七子花元素含量变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

15.
Flatworm community structure responds strongly to large-scale habitat alteration, with low diversity in disturbed environments. However, the ecological factors influencing small-scale distribution of flatworms are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to test if the occurrence of land planarians is influenced by microhabitat traits. The study was developed in two Araucaria Forest sites located in the São Francisco de Paula National Forest, southern Brazil. In each site, a 0.5 ha grid subdivided in 10 m2 plots, was established. In 100 randomly selected plots, the occurrence and abundance of each land planarian species were recorded. For each plot, we also recorded information on six habitat structural traits, 21 soils properties, and 15 prey availability parameters. Sixty-six specimens were recorded, belonging to 21 species of land planarians. Although the two areas differed in relation to 17 ecological factors analyzed, mean flatworm density did not significantly differ between the two studied areas. The pattern of their abundance followed a Poisson distribution, suggesting that flatworms were randomly distributed throughout the study area. Simple logistic regressions and a multiple logistic regression, controlled for spatial autocorrelation, showed no evidence that the occurrence of terrestrial flatworms is controlled by habitat structure, prey availability or soil properties. In addition, a Principal Component Analysis, controlled for spatial autocorrelation, generated three main axes that represented 40.7% of the variation of the 42 ecological traits. This analysis showed very similar distribution of plots with and without flatworms along these three axes. The results suggest that land flatworms exhibit no pronounced microhabitat preferences inside undisturbed Araucaria Forest sites.  相似文献   

16.
阿克苏河中游荒漠河岸林物种多样性与群落稳定性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]探究阿克苏河中游荒漠河岸林群落的物种多样性、稳定性及其之间的关系,在物种水平上对当前群落植物组成的复杂性及部分环境因子的关系进行探讨,为荒漠河岸生态系统的恢复提供理论依据。[方法]在样方调查的基础上,运用格局分析法,物种多样性指数与均匀度指数,聚类分析以及M.Godron稳定性测度对植物群落进行综合评估。[结果]阿克苏河中游荒漠河岸林主要的植物种群均呈现聚集分布的格局,群落结构简单,具有单寡种优势群落的特征。不同地段的植物群落物种分布较为均匀,但丰富度与多样性的高低略有起伏;荒漠河岸林植物群落根据环境因子的聚类结果可分为6个群丛,其中有3个群丛的物种多样性较低。物种组成与土壤水分的关联较为密切;当前植物群落尚未达到稳定阶段,物种多样性与群落稳定性者之间并无任何直接联系。[结论]单一以河水漫灌的方式促进该地区植物多样性的恢复具有一定的困难,考虑以胡杨、柽柳为主要格局,种植深根系的乔灌木以营造局部地区小气候,间接优化生境的方式对荒漠河岸林的植被恢复更为有利。  相似文献   

17.
Porosity, pore size distribution and the orientation pattern of pores were measured on thin sections prepared from undisturbed soil samples by means of electro-optical image-analysis. Total porosity was significantly higher at all sampling times in conventionally tilled plots, but the proportion of pores ranging from 30 to 500 μm, which are considered the most important both in soil-water-plant relationships and in maintaining a good soil structure, was higher in no-tilled plots. Modifications of pore orientation pattern were also observed. Micromorphological observations revealed some differences between the two series of soil samples; the formation of surface soil crusts was strongly reduced in no-tilled plots.  相似文献   

18.
土壤水非均匀流动的碘-淀粉染色示踪研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
盛丰  方妍 《土壤》2012,44(1):144-148
在壤土和粉质黏土条件下采用碘-淀粉染色示踪方法分别开展了6个和4个不同土壤初始含水率和入渗水量的示踪试验,通过分析入渗深度和染色面积分布模式来研究入渗条件(土壤初始含水率、入渗水量和土壤质地)对土壤水非均匀流动特征的影响。研究表明:①土壤初始含水率升高时,土壤水入渗深度增大,但土壤初始含水率对染色面积分布模式无明显影响;②土壤水入渗深度随入渗水量的增大而增大,但入渗水量的增大对土壤水入渗深度增大的影响有限;③当入渗水量较小时,土壤水流运动以优先流为主;随着入渗水量的增大,土壤水流运动逐渐转变成以基质流为主的流动形态;④土壤水在细质地土壤(粉质黏土)中运动具有更高的非均匀程度,非均匀流通道总宽度较窄。  相似文献   

19.
子牙河水系滨岸带植物群落结构及其与环境的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
梁雪  何萍  任颖  钱金平  戴霞 《水土保持通报》2017,37(1):292-296,303
[目的]以海河流域子牙河水系河流滨岸带植物为对象,研究影响植物群落结构和分布格局的主要环境因子,为相关研究提供依据。[方法]2013年6月,在子牙河水系干支流设置了94个滨岸带样地,调查植被结构和海拔、护岸类型、堤外土地利用类型等6个环境因子。[结果]子牙河水系滨岸带植物共249种,分属于51科,166属。山区河段滨岸带有199种植物,分属于43科,135属,优势物种有芦苇(Phragmites australis)、蒙古蒿(Artemisia mongolica)、荆条(Vitex negundo)、黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)等;平原河段滨岸带有36种植物,分属于22科35属,优势物种主要有芦苇(P.australis)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)等,山区植物丰富度明显高于平原区。[结论]海拔高度和堤外土地利用类型与植物群落结构显著相关。水热条件和人类活动压力是影响植被构成的主要成因。  相似文献   

20.
尽管基因工程技术可以增加作物产量, 但转基因作物是否对农田生态产生影响受到广泛关注。本研究通过田间定位试验, 应用群落生态学方法研究了转CryIAb基因抗虫水稻"Mfb"连续2年在传统栽培和半野生条件下对稻田杂草群落组成及多样性的影响。调查结果显示: 转CryIAb基因稻"Mfb"与非转基因稻"明恢86"田间杂草种类没有显著差异。稻田杂草的频度和密度与栽培方式有关, 半野生稻田杂草的频度和密度显著高于传统稻田, 但相同栽培条件下, 转基因稻"Mfb"与非转基因稻"明恢86"田间杂草频度和密度在整个生长期内均无显著差异。半野生稻田物种丰富度(Sr)指数明显大于传统稻田; 相同栽培条件下, 相同生长时期抗虫转基因水稻"Mfb"与其非转基因对照"明恢86"对稻田杂草群落丰富度的影响差异不显著。稻田杂草群落优势度(D)、均匀度(J)以及多样性(H)各处理、各生长时期内转基因稻与非转基因稻相比均没有显著差异。稻田杂草Shannon-Wiener多样性指数变化无明显规律, 相同栽培方式相同生长期的抗虫转基因水稻"Mfb"与其非转基因对照"明恢86"的Shannon-wiener指数差异不显著。综合上述分析, 转CryIAb基因抗虫稻对稻田杂草群落的组成及多样性没有显著影响。  相似文献   

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