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1.
降香黄檀、檀香根际解钾菌的筛选与活性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为提高降香黄檀-檀香人工林的土壤肥力,从不同林龄的降香黄檀、檀香根际土壤中分离筛选高效解钾菌。从钾细菌富集培养基上初筛和解钾菌筛选培养基复筛得到可培养物89个。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定菌株解钾能力。结果表明,可溶性钾含量在70μg/m L以上的菌株有6株,其中菌株JT-K21、JT-K11和JT-K18的解钾率为80%以上。JT-K21培养液的可溶性钾含量高达132.68μg/m L,解钾率达到221.18%。基于形态学、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列比较分析,初步鉴定JT-K21为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida。不同碳氮源试验表明:JT-K21对蔗糖和硫酸铵的吸收效果最好。通过单因素试验及正交试验结果表明:菌株JT-K21液体发酵菌体浓度最大培养组最优组分为蔗糖(10 g/L)、硫酸铵(0.2 g/L)、氯化钠(0.1 g/L)、钾长石(5 g/L);JT-K21液体发酵解钾活性最佳时,培养基最优组分为蔗糖(10 g/L)、硫酸铵(0.2 g/L)、氯化钠(0.1 g/L)、钾长石(3 g/L)。 相似文献
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山东茶园土壤高活性解钾细菌的筛选鉴定及肥效研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了筛选到适合山东茶园土壤环境的解钾菌株,以提高土壤钾素的高效转化效率,本研究经过菌株富集、分离、纯化等步骤,从山东茶园土壤中分离出9株解钾细菌。通过有效钾含量比较和菌株分类,筛选出1株活性最强菌株K2,经鉴定K2菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。发酵试验表明,菌株K2最适宜生长的条件为pH值6.0,温度35℃,以麦芽糖、淀粉、玉米粉为碳源,酵母膏为氮源。施用该菌剂后土壤速效钾和速效磷含量比对照最大分别提高28.40%和28.49%。茶叶产量最大提高36.30%,同时茶叶中氨基酸含量显著增加,酚氨比值降低,有利于茶叶品质的提升。菌株K2可能是一株茶园土壤高效解钾细菌,可作为后续进一步研究茶园专用微生物菌剂的参考。 相似文献
3.
为认识青稞内生固氮菌群落组成,丰富内生固氮菌资源,明确产地对青稞内生固氮菌多样性的影响,本研究利用纯培养技术分别对在拉萨、林芝、日喀则栽培的藏青2000根部内生固氮菌进行分离、纯化,并测定各菌株的固氮酶活性及高固氮酶活性菌株的溶磷、溶钾及产IAA特性,最后,通过16SrDNA基因测序和构建系统发育树研究了高固氮酶活性菌株的分类学地位。结果显示,通过Ashby培养基分离、纯化得到内生固氮菌37株,其中,具有高固氮酶活性的11株,占总分离菌株27%,有6株菌株具有分泌IAA的能力,2株具有溶钾能力,1株具有溶磷能力。16S rDNA测序结果表明,11株高固氮酶活性的菌中,有5株菌属于Bacillus,为优势菌属,其余菌株分别属于Gemmatimonas、Sphingomonas、Devosia、Agrobacterium、Mesorhizobium和Burkholderia。 相似文献
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《花生学报》2021,50(1)
为筛选对花生白绢病菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)具有高效拮抗活性的细菌菌株,采用平板对峙法和菌丝生长速率法对4株细菌进行抑菌活性的测定,并对筛选的高效拮抗菌株进行鉴定和活性物质稳定性研究。结果表明,菌株WS3-1对花生白绢病菌的抑制作用最强,其发酵滤液对病菌的抑菌率达95.04%。通过细菌形态特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA和gyrB序列分析,将菌株WS3-1鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。菌株WS3-1发酵液中活性物质在温度为40℃、60℃、80℃以及pH为8～10的条件下,抑菌活性稳定,抑菌率均在80%以上,同时活性物质具有较好的抗紫外线分解能力。以上结果说明解淀粉芽孢杆菌WS3-1是一株具有开发和应用潜力的花生白绢病生防菌株。 相似文献
6.
《中国麻业》2019,(3)
为了分离和鉴定对大麻有脱胶效果的碱性果胶酶生产菌株,优化其产果胶酶培养基组成,试验选用果胶作为唯一碳源进行菌株筛选,并采用单因素和正交试验筛选果胶酶发酵培养基组成。结果表明:从沤麻水体中分离到14株具有脱胶能力的细菌,其中X-6菌果胶酶产量最高,该菌革兰氏阴性,大小为0.6～0.8μm×2～3μm,据其生理生化特征和16S r DNA鉴定,该菌株鉴定并被命名为产碱假单胞菌X-6(Pseudomonas alcaligenes X-6),该菌的最佳产果胶酶培养基组成为葡萄糖5 g/L,马铃薯淀粉4 g/L,酵母粉4 g/L,玉米浆4 g/L,氯化钙1.5 g/L,氯化钠0.5 g/L,经验证在该条件下果胶酶活力达到586 U/m L,采用发酵后的粗酶液对大麻进行脱胶试验,残胶率由38.9%降低至17.2%,脱胶效果较好。试验分离和鉴定出一株对大麻脱胶效果较好的菌株,并获得其产果胶酶发酵培养基。 相似文献
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本研究在18℃条件下,利用赫奇逊滤纸培养基分离纯化菌株,根据透明圈和滤纸降解情况筛选菌株,最终通过酶活分析和秸秆降解率确定目的菌株,通过形态学观察与ITS基因序列分析对目的菌株进行初步鉴定,分离筛选高效低温秸秆纤维素降解菌并研究其产酶特性。结果表明,从小兴安岭山区土壤中分离到1株在低温下具有较强纤维素降解能力的真菌菌株C1,15 d内对秸秆的降解能力达55.6%,滤纸酶活和CMC酶活分别为18.4 U/mL和54.3 U/mL,初步鉴定菌株C1为青霉菌属(Penicillium sp.),具有进一步研究开发的潜力。 相似文献
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《热带作物学报》2017,(12)
为分析芭蕉植株(Musa basjoo Siebold)上附着的微生物菌群,并从中分离选育乳酸菌菌株,扩大植物源乳酸菌菌种库,为今后的青贮饲料发酵业和食品发酵工业等提供植物源乳酸菌,运用菌落计数法对样品中的乳酸菌、好氧细菌、霉菌、酵母、芽孢杆菌等进行菌落计数;分离纯化疑似乳酸菌的菌株,对疑似乳酸菌菌株进行生理生化试验、生长速率测定试验和产酸速率测定试验,以此来鉴定其生理生化特性以及属的分类;利用其发酵产物对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)和沙门氏菌(salmonella)和单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)进行抑菌试验。结果显示:样品中均含有好氧细菌(6.5~8.0 log cfu/g FM)、霉菌(6.0~7.7 log cfu/g FM)、酵母(2.0~3.3 log cfu/g FM)、芽孢杆菌(2.0~4.4 log cfu/g FM)及乳酸菌(6.5~7.5 log cfu/g FM);在芭蕉植株上共筛选出34株疑似乳酸菌菌株,对其进行生理生化鉴定,试验菌株均符合乳酸菌的生理生化特性,其中有4株菌株抑菌效果较好,经鉴定均为植物乳杆菌。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献